scholarly journals France: A Public health system built on competing paradigms

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rozenblum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Central State ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Secondary Sources

Abstract Background Although France helped establish public health as a scientific discipline, it is well known that the country was slow to implement public health measures on a national scale. The central government played a limited role in public health until the second half of the 20th century. Public health became a privileged space for political action in the 1990s, as a direct outcome of the “blood crisis” and a series of other health “scandals”. Methods A comparative historical analysis (CHA) based on government documents, law, and secondary sources. Results Between the early 1990s and 2016, France saw the emergence of two competing understandings of public health. It was legally defined as a responsibility of the state to protect its population against disease risks and to ensure equal access to and representation in the healthcare system, captured by the notions of sécurité sanitaire (“health security”) and démocratie sanitaire (“health democracy”). Public health actions framed in the language of “security” changed its place in the hierarchical structure of the state. It both reinforced public health as a legitimate field of intervention (now presented as an important function of government, similarly to finance, foreign affairs, defense, etc.) and reinforced the central state, as the legitimate protector of population health and provider of public health services. The French public health arena also witnessed the (re)emergence of local and private actors, motivated by their own interests and competing understanding of public health.

Statewide Public School Music Competitions/Festivals in Kansas and Oklahoma: The Beginnings of the School Music Contest Movement in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. McDow ◽  
Daniel L. Stiffler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public School ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
School Students ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
University Of Oklahoma ◽  
School Music

Music competitions have an ancient history dating back some two thousand years. In the United States, early music contests mimicked the German Saengerfests and Welsh Eistoddfods; however, some of the earliest continuously running music competitions held in America are the state contests for secondary school students. This article identifies for the first time Kansas and Oklahoma as holding the two earliest state school music competitions and corrects some long-standing erroneous information. It studies these two state events through historical analysis of primary sources and triangulates the data with secondary sources. Frank Beach at Kansas State Normal School in Emporia and Fredrik Holmberg at the University of Oklahoma were found to be the two initiators. These two state music contests were influenced by several things including the state track and field meets, previous music contests, the western pioneering spirit, European music systems, and the music specialties of the founders. In the end both contests were seen as promoting the cause of public school music by increasing both the quality and numbers of music education programs and as leading to the exponential growth of state music competitions throughout the United States.

scholarly journals Obstacles in Economic Growth of Madhya Pradesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Sweksha mahendra Khobragade ◽  
Rekha Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
The State ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Central State ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Tier System ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Financial Allocation

In any country, the fruits of economic growth transfers up to grass root level through various channels and modes. In India there is three tier system of transferring resources- especially financial resources - central government to states and from states to local bodies. This system has been questioned by different researchers from time to time as this flow of resources is not smooth but skewed. Many time gaps are observed between projections and actual receipts. This time lag pushed the development on back foot. This paper has analysed the trend and gaps in the financial transfers from centre to states. Further, it tried to identify hurdles on the ground of financial allocation to the state by finance commission. The analysis is based on the secondary sources of information. We have divided the administration in three tier- central, state and local bodies. The trend and gap in the financial allocation by the central government to the state and the state to the local bodies shows delay in disbursement. The funds flow from higher level governments to the lower level government is very week and lack devolution design or principle. This creates hindrance in the economic growth of the state. The results reveal higher actual expenditure than the approved plan due to gap between central and state financing. This indicates the deficit financing, increased burden and uneven growth in the economy. It may also imply a response to increasing inequalities in per capita incomes within state.

scholarly journals Violência contra crianças e adolescentes na Bahia: caracterização dos casos, 2009-2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e5899
Author(s):  
Izabel Cristina Neves Ramos ◽  
Thaís Regis Aranha Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Violence Against Children

O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar, através de uma série histórica, o quadro da violência contra crianças e adolescentes no estado da Bahia por meio da análise das notificações realizadas pelos serviços de saúde. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes (VIVA Contínuo), durante os anos de 2009 a 2016, totalizando 14.115 casos reportados. Os dados mostraram um aumento de 212,30% nas notificações, entre 2009 e 2016. Quanto às vítimas, a faixa etária de 10 a 19 anos prevaleceu em todos os anos analisados, assim como a presença de vítimas autodeclaradas negras. A tipologia mais frequente foi violência física. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado software Minitab18. Os achados desde estudo são preocupantes e demonstram a magnitude da violência contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como destacam suas especificidades e a importância do combate a esse problema de saúde. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to characterize, through a historical serie, the frame of violence in the state of Bahia by analyzing the notifications made by the public health services. The data was obtained from the Violence and Accidents Vigilance System (VIVA Contínuo) from 2009 to 2016 totalising 14,115 reported cases. The data showed a rise of 212.30% in the notifications done between 2009 to 2016. Regarding the the victims, the age group of 10 to 19 years old prevailed in all analysed years, the same goes for the presence of victims selfdeclared as black. The most frequently type was physical violence. The statistical analysis was made by the software Minitab18. The findings of this study are worrysome and shows the magnitude of the violence against children and adolescents as well as highlight their specificities and theimportance of facing this health problem.Keywords: Violence; Health services; Child; Adolescent. RESUMENEl estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar, a través de una serie histórica, el panorama de la violencia contra la niñez y adolescencia en el estado de Bahía a través del análisis de las notificaciones realizadas por los servicios de salud. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Violencia y Accidentes (VIVA Contínuo) durante los años 2009 a 2016, totalizando 14.115 casos notificados. Los datos arrojaron un incremento del 212,30% en las notificaciones, entre 2009 y 2016. En cuanto a las víctimas, predominó el grupo de edad de 10 a 19 años en todos los años analizados, así como la presencia de víctimas autodeclaradas negras. El tipo más frecuente fue la violencia física. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software Minitab18. Los hallazgos de este estudio son preocupantes y demuestran la magnitud de la violencia contra la niñez y la adolescencia, además de resaltar sus especificidades y la importancia de combatir este problema de salud.Palabras Clave: Violencia; Niño; Servicios de salud; Adolescente. 

scholarly journals RESPONSIBILITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE BASED ON THE CONSTITUTION OF INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Ardiansah Ardiansah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

The Indonesian Constitution has mandated health services for its people. Everyone has the right to receive health services, while the state is obliged to provide health services. The implementation of public health services faces problems concerning the president regulations about the increase of health insurance fee. The House of Representatives does not agree with the increase in health insurance fee, because the government should be responsible for the realization of public health services. This research uses normative legal research methods. The results showed that the government's policy of raising fees was considered unfair and burdensome to the people of Indonesia.Health services for the people of Indonesia has been mandated by The Indonesian Constitution. The denial of health services is a violation to the Indonesian constitution. The people have the right to get health services, whereas the state is responsible for providing health services. Therefore, even though the government raises fees, people expect the government to cancel the increase of the fee. Due to the fact that the Indonesian constitution has made it clear that the state is responsible for providing health services to its people.

scholarly journals Germany: The reformation of public health

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Falkenbach
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Health Advocate ◽  
Research And Education

Abstract Background Germany was amongst the most successful advocates and implementors of public health ideas in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Dominated by the social hygiene theory in the early 1900s population health was a main priority. With the recognition that bacteria caused diseases in both animals and humans municipal and national public health programs peaked resulting in increased research and education in the field. With the aftermath of WWII, public health in the country seemingly disappeared until the 70s when the AIDS epidemic forced it out of hiding. Methods A comparative historical analysis (CHA) based on government documents, law, and secondary sources. Results Germany is still struggling to elevate public health to the same level of importance and respect that curative health enjoys. Despite its many shortcomings (limited tobacco control, the struggle to integrate public health and medicine, and the lack of recognition for public health scholars, researchers and doctors), largely due to its collapse after WWII, the German public health system can be seen as transformational in the sense that it is giving public health a new and perhaps more timely role namely that of a health advocate. Conclusions Public health in Germany has undergone a number of transitions throughout the past centuries moving from a practice initially based in economic theory with the goal of improving sanitation onto being increasingly supported by eugenics and with that the policing of an entire population to finally landing in the 21st century with the intention of advocating for European level public health agencies focusing on monitoring and reporting.

scholarly journals INTEROPERABILITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE STATE OF AMAPÁ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Bruno Calisto Del Mario ◽  
Alysson Henrique Neves Ramos ◽  
Alfredo Alderete Llamosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Public Health Information

Interoperability in public health has major advantages over agility gains throughout the state bureaucratic logistics system. This agility is fundamental to help relieve the highest demand in all areas of health sciences in the Brazilian public service. This short communication aims to inform the population of Amapa and the academic community about the implementation of interoperability of public health services in the state of Amapá. The service is already in its implementation phase and is expected to end and be fully used by early 2020.

scholarly journals Configuración política de la categoría discapacidad en Colombia: relación Estado y ciudadanía

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3Sup) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Israel Cruz-Velandia ◽  
Solangel García-Ruiz ◽  
Indira Rodríguez-Prieto ◽  
Andrés Rojas-Cárdenas ◽  
Verónica Chaves-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Social Events ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Sociedad Civil ◽  
Social Capitals

<p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Antecedentes.</strong></p><p class="Cuerpo">El Estado como institución de poder tiene la capacidad de reconocer y garantizar los derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos. La relación entre Estado y ciudadanía permite a la población con discapacidad legitimar sus derechos y ser partícipes de la elaboración, decisión y ejecución de los asuntos que le conciernen.</p><pre><strong>Objetivo.</strong> </pre><pre>En este documento se presentan los hallazgos de las categorías Estado y ciudadanía derivados del estudio Análisis histórico de la construcción política de la categoría discapacidad en Colombia con el objetivo de reconstruir la historia de los acontecimientos sociales que determinaron las transformaciones sociopolíticas de las personas con discapacidad entre los años 1986 y 2012. </pre><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Materiales y métodos</strong>.</p><p class="Cuerpo">Seis categorías fueron analizadas en 283 fuentes primarias y secundarias; el análisis se realizó en tres niveles: macro (políticas y lineamientos de nivel mundial), meso (política y movimientos nacionales) y micro (sociedad civil organizada). Las orientaciones teóricas usadas fueron el concepto de campo social de Bourdieu y el concepto de biopoder de Foucault; las orientaciones metodológicas aquí empleadas están en la perspectiva de los estudios históricos críticos e históricos sociales de la discapacidad.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Resultados.</strong></p><p class="Cuerpo">Se exponen tres periodos históricos que representan los puntos de giro en el concepto sociopolítico de la discapacidad en Colombia.</p><p><strong>Conclusión.</strong></p><p>Existe una constante tensión entre el Estado y los ciudadanos en situación de discapacidad: las políticas públicas sobre discapacidad en Colombia han favorecido, y son el resultado de la emergencia y configuración de, sujetos políticos conscientes de sus capitales sociales, de manera que su ejercicio político trasforma la configuración del poder. Sin embargo, estas acciones no se extienden homogéneamente a todas las regiones del país, de manera que las acciones políticas y ciudadanas de la discapacidad, dada la estructura del Estado colombiano, son disímiles en las regiones.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Palabras Clave: </strong>Personas con discapacidad; Historia; Política; Estado; Colombia<strong> </strong>(DeCS).</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong><br /></strong></p><h2>Summary</h2><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Background.</strong> The State as an institution of power has the ability to recognize and guarantee the rights and duties of citizens. The relationship between State and citizens allows people with disabilities to legitimize their rights and become partners in the development, decision and execution of the issues that concern them.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Objective</strong>.</p><p class="Cuerpo">This document presents the findings of the categories State and Citizenship , derived from the study "Historical Analysis of the Political Construction of the Disability Category in Colombia ," in order to reconstruct the history of the social events that determined the political changes of disabled people between 1986 and 2012 .</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Materials and methods.</strong> Six categories were analyzed in 283 primary and secondary sources. The analysis was performed at three levels: the macro one (politics and guidelines<ins cite="mailto:lina%20castañeda" datetime="2015-08-16T01:31"> </ins>worldwide); the meso one (politics and national movements), and the micro one (the organized civil society). The theoretical approaches used were the Bourdieu’s concept of social field and the Foucault's concept of biopower. On the other hand, the methodological approaches used here were based on a critical-historical and social-historical studies perspective.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Results.</strong> Three historical periods that represent turning points in the sociopolitical concept of disability in Colombia are exposed.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Conclusion</strong>. There is a constant tension between the State and citizens with disabilities. Public policies on disability in Colombia have favored, and they are the result of the emergence and configuration of political subjects aware of their social capitals. So his political exercise transforms the configuration of power. However, these actions do not extend in the same way to all regions of the country, thus political and civic actions on disability, given the structure of the Colombian State, differ from region to region.</p><p class="Cuerpo"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Persons with Disabilities; History; Policy; State; Colombia <strong>(MeSH).</strong></p>

scholarly journals Sekuritizacija zdravlja: Da li je javno zdravlje pitanje nacionalne bezbednosti u Republici Srbiji?

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Vanja Rokvic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
National Security ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
International Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Health Security ◽  
The Republic

This paper will discuss the issue of health (infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS, bioterrorism) from the standpoint of national and international security, as well as from the standpoint of contemporary security threats. The main purpose of this paper is to show why it is important to view the health through the lens of security, as well as to show how health security has been treated in the national security strategies of individual countries. On the other hand, this paper will analyze the state of public health in the Republic of Serbia, which is significantly degraded after the events that marked the last decade of the 20th century, and indicate that much more effort must be undertaken towards the securitization of public health, and institutional observation of public health through the lens of security. Otherwise, in the future, Serbia may face a serious deficiency of capacities for the prevention, suppression and rehabilitation pandemic and other health threats, and the consequences that these threats can have on the national security.

scholarly journals To a question on crisis of social hygiene and evolution of concept of public health services

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-1) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Author(s):  
I. V. Vasilyev ◽  
A. V. Kalinichenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Social Hygiene ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Change of political and economic conditions should change a subject and methods of social study essentially. In postreorganization Russia the purposes of the state, methods and forms of the government, a subject and methods of a science have changed «Social hygiene» Were transformed unsystematically and till today's time are not certain. This circumstance has caused crisis of social hygiene as sciences. It is necessary to define a subject and methods of a science «Public health and public health services» on the basis of the right.

scholarly journals Higher education in China: Institutions and mechanisms of the state and party management

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-654
Author(s):  
T. L Guruleva ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
University Management ◽  
Central State ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Higher Education In China

The higher education of China has achieved significant results in recent years. Therefore, it is important to study management of this system and basic mechanisms used by the party and state institutions. The article is based on the analysis of open data sources, including official documents on the development of the higher education (laws, national programs, projects and plans), and the results of the Russian and Chinese scientific research. The authors consider state and party institutions as a unified system of the education system management: central and local party institutions, party organizations of the central and local government and primary organizations of the party (CPC), central and local executive authorities of the state. Party institutions of the higher education management include executive bodies of the CPC and the local provincial party committees, party organizations of the central and local governments (Ministry of Education and other State Councils structures, local peoples governments) and primary party committees of universities. State administrative bodies in the higher education include central (State Council of the PRC including Ministry of Education and other institutions) and local administrative bodies (local peoples governments, including education committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities under the central government). The main mechanism that determines activities of the party bodies and the state university management system consists of special projects and plans. The authors present five main plans for the development of the higher education system in China and identify their features and goals.

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