scholarly journals PSI-9 Effect of Pen-Surface Temperature and Trace Mineral Source on Infrared Hide Temperature in Cattle Raised in Confinement Under a Natural-Feeding Protocol in Summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Author(s):  
William T Nelson ◽  
Mark E Branine ◽  
Tony C Bryant ◽  
Shawn L Archibeque ◽  
John J Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Trace Mineral ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Eden Prairie ◽  
Feeding Protocol ◽  
Temperature Correlations

Abstract Thirty-two pens housing between 249–282 beef cattle each were blocked by arrival date and sex and used to investigate effects of pen-surface temperature, trace mineral source and sex on hide temperature. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 treatments: 1) Control, with inorganic sources for all trace minerals of interest; and 2) Test, with ProPath (Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) used to provide additional AA complexes of Zn and Mn, complexed Co, and ruminally-protected folic acid to basal control diet. Cattle were fed to meet requirements of JBS “Aspen Ridge” and observed twice monthly from June–September. Three observations per observation day were made at these times: 1) 0700–1000; 2) 1015–1315; 3) 1430–1700 (all times ± 30 min). Hide temperatures were observed caudal to glenohumeral joints of 10 black-hided and, when available, 10 non-black-hided animals per pen. Within each pen, surface temperatures were observed at 3 locations on the cement bunk apron and 7 locations on the dirt surface. Temperatures were observed using a Fluke VT04 visual infrared thermometer. Temperatures were greater on black-hided cattle than non-black-hided cattle (P < 0.0001) and on steers than heifers (P < 0.0001). Temperatures on Test cattle were greater (P = 0.0008) than temperatures on Control cattle, but this effect was small (0.251o C) and inconsistent across observation days (treatment within date interaction: P < 0.0001). Pen-surface temperatures were greater in Time 2 than Time 1 (P < 0.0001), but not different between Time 2 and Time 3 (P = 0.37). Hide temperatures on all cattle were correlated with pen-surface temperature (R2 = 0.43). Trace mineral source had a small but statistically significant effect on hide temperature. Correlations between hide temperature and visible signs of heat stress are unclear and warrant further observation.

scholarly journals 129 Effect of phytase on growth performance and carcass classification in growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Caio A Silva ◽  
Cleandro P Dias ◽  
Marco A Callegari ◽  
Kelly L Souza ◽  
Adsos Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Final Weight

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the optimal dosage of phytase fed to growing-finishing pigs. One hundred and twenty barrows, 71 d old and initial body weight 25.16 ± 2.80kg, were distributed in 40 pens according to a randomized complete block design and assigned to 5 treatments: 1. Positive control: diet formulated to meet or exceed the nutrient requirement of pigs (PC); 2. Negative control: PC diets formulated with 0,11% lower Ca and 0,13% lower available P (NC); 3. NC + 1,500 FYT of phytase; 4. NC + 3,000 FYT of phytase; 5. NC +4,500 FYT of phytase. The corn-soybean meal-based diets were formulated to be iso-nutrient and isoenergetic, except for Ca and av. P. The 4 diets were formulated according to a growing I (71-94 days of age), growing II (95-115d), finishing I (116-143 d) and finishing II (144-156 d) phases. Carcass traits were measured and submitted to the European Carcass Classification (SEUROP). Performance and carcass data were submitted to ANOVA, and regression analysis. There was a quadratic effect on FCR (P< 0.05) in growing I phase,; better FCR (quadratic, P< 0.05) on finishing II to 1,500 and 3,000 FYT (5.56 and 0.35%, respectively); an increase of 5.43 and 1.52% DWG in finishing II (quadratic, P< 0.05) and a reduced 6.60% to 4,500FYT; an improvement the total DWG and final weight (quadratic, P< 0.05) in 6.19 and 4.52%, and 5.27 and 3.57%, for 1,500 and 3,000 FYT, respectively. Phytase supplementation did not improve Carcass weight (P >0.05). The animals fed with 4,500 FYT diet had more carcasses classified as E (between 55–60% lean meat-SEUROP) compared other groups. Doses between 1,500 and 3,000 FYT improve FCR, DWG and final LW of growing and finishing pigs.

Effect of graded levels of lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) hay on carcass characteristics of red sokoto goats fed maize stover basal diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
MR Hassan ◽  
SB Abdu ◽  
BS Seyi ◽  
JT Amodu ◽  
HY Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Smallholder Systems

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding varying levels of lablab hay on carcass characteristics of Red Sokoto bucks. Twenty (20) male, non castrate Red Sokoto bucks of average initial weight range of 9.30-11.87± 0.1kg, were used for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to five treatment diets containing lablab hay at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels of inclusion, respectively. The bucks were individually pen-fed with the concentrate diets at 2% body weight in a Randomized Complete Block Design for a period of 90 days, before they were slaughtered. Results revealed that a 50% inclusion level of lablab hay in the diet led to 79% higher (P<0.05) dressed weight compared to the control diet (35%). The length of small intestine increased by 51% (P<0.05) at 100% level of inclusion of lablab hay compared to the control diet (25%). Also, there was a 45% increase (P<0.05) in the head weight of the bucks at 75% level of lablab hay inclusion. Similarly, including lablab hay at 100% in the diet led to 55% decrease (P<0.05) in the abdominal fat content compared to the control diet. Generally, lablab hay inclusion in the diet of Red Sokoto bucks led to increased (P<0.05) weight of other prime cuts and organs. It was therefore concluded that lablab hay is a potential feed supplement for Red Sokoto bucks under smallholder systems and should be adopted by the farmers for better performance, heavier carcass weight and lean meat production in Nigeria.Key words: Carcass, diet, goats, lablab, Nigeria

scholarly journals PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG KEONG MAS PADA LEVEL BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS DAN KARKAS ENTOK

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
TAMI, I W. ◽  
I M. MASTIKA ◽  
I M. NURIYASA
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

An experiment was conducted on the replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal at different level onperformance and carcass of muscovy ducks. A randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five treatmentsand four replications was used in this study so in other words there were 20 experiments unit conducted. Muscovyducks were given diet using 15% fish meal as a control diet (R0), the replacement of 25% fish meal with golden snailsmeal (R1), the replacement of 50% fish meal with golden snails meal (R2), replacement 75% fish meal with goldensnails meal (R3) and 100% replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal (R4). Meal Rations and drinking waterare provided adlibitum. The results of the experiment showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05)among in five treatments on the performances and carcass of muscovy ducks. The results also showed Muscovyduck given diet 75% replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal (R3) produced the highest performance andcarcass. Based on the results of this experiment it was concluded that the replacement of fish meal with goldensnails meal up to 100% did not affect performance and carcass of muscovy ducks.

scholarly journals Inclusion of canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the diet of broiler breeders on performance and incubation parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Duarte ◽  
Cibele Silva Minafra ◽  
Fabiana Ramos dos Santos ◽  
Francisco dos Santos Perim
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Hatching Percentage ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a diet containing canthaxanthin and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on the production and reproductive performances of Cobb 500 broiler breeders aged 53 to 61 weeks. The study included 36,000 Cobb 500 female and 3,600 male broiler breeders aging 51 weeks. The birds were housed in three poultry houses divided into four plots, totaling 12 experimental units each containing 3,000 females and 300 males. The birds received the following treatments: control diet (without the studied additives) or the control diet with the addition of 60mg kg-1feed of 25-(OH)-D3 and canthaxanthin feed (6mg of canthaxanthin and 2,760,000IU of 25-(OH)-D3 per kg of feed) per the supplier's recommendations. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with two treatments and six replicates. The results were subjected to analysis of variance followed by the F-test. The treatments had no effect on egg production, usability of eggs and number of incubatable eggs per bird housed. The inclusion of canthaxanthin and 25-(OH)-D3 in the diet reduced embryonic mortality while increasing egg yolk pigmentation, hatching percentage, and number of viable chicks produced per bird. Therefore, the use of 60mg kg-1of 25-(OH)-D3 plus canthaxanthin is recommended in the diet of Cobb 500 broiler breeders aging 53 to 61 weeks to improve important reproductive traits that have great economic impacts on poultry farms

scholarly journals PSXIV-28 Performance of lambs of sheep fed diets containing narasin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
Rhaissa Garcia de Assis ◽  
Janaina S Biava ◽  
Nathalia R Eckermann ◽  
Thamires U Sturion ◽  
Terezinha T de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Sugarcane Molasses ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of narasin in the diet of lactating ewes on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of their lambs. Forty crossbred ewes Dorper x Santa Inês with their lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design (10 blocks and 4 treatments). The treatments were defined by the inclusion of narasin to a base diet (16.8 ± 0.66 of CP) containing 50% of concentrate and 50% of Brachiaria brizanta hay, as follow: 0N - control diet; 13N - 13 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 20N - 20 mg of narasin/kg of DM; 27N - 27 mg of narasin/kg of DM. The experiment lasted from 14 to 70 days of lactation. From the second to the tenth week of age the lambs received initial concentrate (57.0% corn; 25.0% soybean meal; 1.5% limestone; 1.5% of mineral mix; 5.0% of sugarcane molasses and 10% of milk replacer; composition: DM=89.3%; CP = 21.1%; FDN = 8.9%; FDA=2.7%) (ad libitum) in a private feeder. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The lambs were weighed weekly after 5-hours fasting. The orts were quantified weekly to determine the DMI. There was no effect of the supply of narasin to the ewes on the DMI by the lambs (0N = 0.126; 13N = 0.088; 20N = 0.153; 27N = 0.145 kg/d; P &gt; 0.05). However, the supply of narasin decreased the ADG (0N = 269.3; 13N = 259.60; 20N = 264.02; 27 = 228.01 g; P &lt; 0.01) of lambs. In conclusion, the use of narasin for the ewes did not benefit lamb performance.

36 Evaluation of Compensatory Growth of 90-kg Finishing Pigs Previously Fed a Low Lysine Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jordan T Gebhardt ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract A total of 346 pigs (241×600, DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 88.6 kg) were used in a 44-day trial to evaluate compensatory growth of pigs previously fed very low lysine diets. Two diets [control and corn (98% corn and 2% vitamins and minerals)] were arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. One group of pigs (control) was fed the control diet from d 0 to 44. The other three groups of pigs were fed the corn diet for 14, 21, or 28-d and then fed the control diet until day 44. The control and corn diets contained 0.70 and 0.18% standardized ileal digestible Lys, respectively. Pens were assigned to nutritional strategies in a randomized complete block design based on initial BW with 9 pens per treatment. On average, pigs fed the corn diet grew 49% slower than the control. Pigs previously fed the corn diet had 28% increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG during the first week of switching to the control diet and 12% faster (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than the control for the rest of the trial. Despite this increase in ADG, final BW on d 44 was lower (P &lt; 0.05) compared to the control for pigs fed the corn diet for 21 or 28-d. From d 0 to 44, control pigs and pigs fed the corn diet for only 14-d had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the corn diet for 21 and 28-d. Feed efficiency was decreased (P &lt; 0.05) when the corn diet was fed and increased (P &lt; 0.05) during the period of compensatory growth; however, overall G:F decreased (P &lt; 0.05) as pigs were fed the corn diet longer. The data suggest that compensatory growth was observed when pigs fed the corn diet for 21 or 28-d followed by the control diet within a 6-week-period, but overall growth performance was still reduced compared to the control.

scholarly journals 138 Evaluation of different combinations of medium chain fatty acids and monolaurin as a dietary additive for nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Ashley Hartman ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 360 pigs (DNA 400×200, initial BW=6.8 kg) were used a 35-d trial to evaluate the effects of adding MCFA and monolaurin blends to the diet on growth performance of nursery pigs. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomized to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (12 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of a basal diet containing no MCFA (control), the control diet with 1.0% added MCFA (a 1:1:1 blend of C6, C8, and C10; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), or a 1.0% inclusion of 4 different blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin (1, 2, 3, and 4). The 4 blends consisted of 50% C6, 20% lactic acid and increasing levels of monolaurin (0, 10, 20, and 30%) at the expense of C12 (30, 20, 10, and 0%). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit. From d 0 to 14, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P = 0.037) ADG compared to the control group. Pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend and the mean of the 4 blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin had improved (P < 0.037) G:F compared with pigs fed the control diet. From d 14 to 35, ADFI and subsequently ADG increased (P < 0.057) for pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend compared with the control group. Overall, pigs fed the 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend had increased (P < 0.034) ADFI and ADG, resulting in 0.9 kg greater final BW (P = 0.014) compared with the control group. There was no evidence for differences between the mean of pigs fed blends of MCFA, lactic acid, and monolaurin compared with the control. In summary, the addition of a 1.0% 1:1:1 MCFA blend resulted in improved ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with pigs fed a control diet.

PSVI-17 The Effect of Dacitic Tuff Breccia Alone or in Combination with Poultry By-products on Nursery Pig Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Karissa N Rulon ◽  
Jon Ferrel ◽  
John S Radcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
By Products ◽  
Tuff Breccia

Abstract Dacitic tuff breccia (DTB) and poultry by-products (PBP) were added to nursery pig diets to evaluate their effects on growth performance in a 35 d experiment. A randomized complete block design based on BW and sex was used. Newly weaned pigs (N=564, 20.1 d of age, 6.18±0.006 kg initial BW) allotted to four diets (15 replicates/treatment; 9 or 10 pigs/pen): 1) Negative control (NC; no DTB or PBP), 2) NC+DTB (0.5% inclusion), 3) NC+PBP (4% chicken by-product meal + 2% feather meal – replacing fishmeal, corn, and synthetic amino acids in the NC), 4) NC+DTB+PBP. Phase 1–3 were each 7-d and Phase 4 was from d21-35. During week one there were no differences (P &gt;0.10) among treatments. In week 2, pigs fed DTB tended to increase ADG (323 vs. 303 g/d; P=0.068) and ADFI (376 vs. 356 g/d; P=0.055) compared to pigs not fed DTB and pigs fed PBP tended to have increased ADG (P=0.093). In week 3 pigs fed PBP had reduced ADG (460 vs 483 g/d; P=0.011) and G:F (0.689 vs. 0.723; P&lt; 0.001), and there tended to be an interaction for G:F (P=0.083) with DTB improving G:F when fed in combination with PBP but reducing G:F in the control diet. In week 4, feeding PBP decreased ADG (384 vs 415 g/d; P&lt; 0.01) and ADFI (629 vs 666 g/d; P&lt; 0.01) compared to pigs fed no PBP. There were no differences among treatments during week 5. For Phase 4 (d21-35) pigs fed PBP had decreased ADG (479 vs 497 g/d; P=0.041) and tended to have reduced ADFI (P=0.092) compared to pigs fed no PBP. Overall (d 0–35), there were no significant differences among treatments. In conclusion, DTB improved nursery pig growth performance early, however, pigs fed PBP had decreased ADG and feed efficiency late in the nursery period.

Application of pyrometer and standard sample to determine surface temperature of studied materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Mendeleyev ◽  
V.A. Petrov ◽  
A.V. Yashin ◽  
A.I. Vangonen ◽  
O.K. Taganov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Normal Emissivity

Determining the surface temperature of materials with unknown emissivity is studied. A method for determining the surface temperature using a standard sample of average spectral normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 1,65–1,80 μm and an industrially produced Metis M322 pyrometer operating in the same wavelength range. The surface temperature of studied samples of the composite material and platinum was determined experimentally from the temperature of a standard sample located on the studied surfaces. The relative error in determining the surface temperature of the studied materials, introduced by the proposed method, was calculated taking into account the temperatures of the platinum and the composite material, determined from the temperature of the standard sample located on the studied surfaces, and from the temperature of the studied surfaces in the absence of the standard sample. The relative errors thus obtained did not exceed 1,7 % for the composite material and 0,5% for the platinum at surface temperatures of about 973 K. It was also found that: the inaccuracy of a priori data on the emissivity of the standard sample in the range (–0,01; 0,01) relative to the average emissivity increases the relative error in determining the temperature of the composite material by 0,68 %, and the installation of a standard sample on the studied materials leads to temperature changes on the periphery of the surface not exceeding 0,47 % for composite material and 0,05 % for platinum.

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

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