Responding to Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
L. Syd M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Phenomenal Experience ◽  
Inductive Risk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
Objective Uncertainty

There are numerous contexts, beyond disorders of consciousness, where there is a need for decisive action in the presence of unavoidable epistemic uncertainty. The ethics of uncertainty can help. This chapter examines three complex decisional contexts with intersecting, interacting epistemic and ethical uncertainty. The first is pain. Pain, like consciousness, is a subjectively phenomenal experience, the quality and quantity of which are hard to put into words. Pain sufferers encounter testimonial injustice because of the subjectivity, invisibility, and objective uncertainty of pain. The second context is vaccine research and development, and the emergency approval of COVID-19 vaccines under conditions of time pressure and uncertainty. The third context is research with conscious nonhuman animals. There are known, certain risks of harm to the animals, but the benefits of the research are epistemically uncertain. Judging the permissibility of such research requires considering inductive risks, and the principles of inductive risk.

scholarly journals تطوير مادة التراكيب العربية على أساس التعلم التعاوني لطلبة المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الثانية بيما

Lugawiyyat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Istaqam ◽  
M Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Student Team ◽  
Interview Questionnaire ◽  
Collection Methods

This study aims to: (1) Produce Tarākīb teaching materials with the cooperative learning principle for students of  MAN 2 Bima, (2) Find out the effectiveness of Tarākīb teaching materials with cooperative learning principle in MAN 2 Bima. This research is important to do because many students have difficulties in understanding the material of Tarākīb, so by the existence of the Tarākīb teaching materials with cooperative learning principle, it helps students to understand Tarākīb material easier and increase students' interest in learning Tarākīb.The research method used by researcher is research and development, the researcher followed the ten steps of the Borg and Gall model of research and development. Data collection methods used in this study were interview, questionnaire and test. The data obtained were analyzed with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The formula used to test the effectiveness of teaching materials is T-test.The results of this research and development are: (1) The availability of Tarākīb teaching materials. Teaching materials developed by researcher have characteristics and advantages that other books do not have, Tarākīb teaching materials presented with cooperative learning principle, where each chapter is presented with different cooperative learning methods. The first chapter is presented by the student team achievement division method, the second chapter is presented with the teams games tournament method, and the third chapter is presented with the heads numbered method. In addition, Tarākīb teaching materials provide forms of Tarākīb training with various questions, (2) Tarākīb teaching materials with cooperative learning principle was effective to use for students of  MAN 2 Bima by looking at the result of the T-test which is 3,947 of T-table with the significance is 5% of 1,678.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRACTICUM KIT AS A LEARNING MEDIA TO TRAIN SPS ON REACTION LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sigit Trimayanto ◽  
Dian Novita
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Media

This study aims to produce the Practical KIT along with its devices that are effectively used as learning media to train students SPS on the sub material of the Reaction Rate Law. The method used in this study is Research and Development design. The research instrument used consisted of a sheet of pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was carried out in descriptive quantitative to determine the effectiveness of Practical KIT along with the devices developed. The media is said to be effective if it meets 2 requirements, namely the percentage of classical completeness <85% and N-gain value <0.3. The developed media has been declared effective as indicated by the increase in the value of cognitive learning outcomes in the "Medium" and "High" categories with 100% classical completeness, an increase in the value of science process skills of students after using the Practical KIT media. "With classical completeness reaching 91.67%.

Ship of the Future

1991 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
K. Paetow
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
The Future

In 1980 work began on one of the most intensive and comprehensive marine research and development projects—the German Ship of the Future. The main task was the reduction of the operational costs of a vessel. After five years of work the project was successfully finished with the maiden voyage of the first SdZ prototype ship. The paper describes first the R&D project itself. The organizational structure, the financial background and some examples of development topics are explained. The second part deals with the conversion of the outcomes of the R&D project into the reality of a containership. The third part gives, by example of some focal points of the newly developed ship service technique, a broad description of the HDW-SdZ prototype ships and their economy. A short outlook to further developments concludes the paper.

scholarly journals Designing appropriate English learning materials for Nautical Department at Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang

LEKSIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
F Fatimah ◽  
Irma Shinta Dewi ◽  
Sri Purwantini
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
The Subject

This research  is aimed to find out the target and learning needs of Nautical students at PIP Semarang and designing the appropriate material for Nautical students at PIP Semarang. This is a Research and Development project. The steps of doing this research are (1) need analysis (2) make syllabus (3) designing materials (4) expert consultation (5) try out material (6) evaluation. The subject of this research is the third-semester students of Nautical department at PIP Semarang. The instruments used are questionnaires for need analysis, interview guide and observation sheets. The data were analyzed by using descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results of the research recommend three  units namely (1) Initial Call (2) Message Marker and (3) On Board Communication Phrases which are developed with communicative approach. The research gives contribution to the teaching and learning English at Nautical Department of Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang.

scholarly journals Perancangan Sistem Pendaftaran Audiens Seminar Proposal di Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
M R Darmawan ◽  
H A Musril
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Implementation Data

Problems with the implementation of the proposal seminar contained in Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bukittinggi are still not effective and efficient because in processing the proposal seminar implementation data is still done manually resulting in an audience attending the proposal seminar has the opportunity to commit fraud, excessive audience numbers, and hinder the process of checking the authenticity of sign cards attending proposal seminars by students present as audiences. With these problems, the author aims to design a seminar audience registration system that can assist students in finding a proposal seminar schedule, choosing a proposal seminar schedule to be followed, printing a signed card to attend the proposal seminar, and assisting the head of the study program in managing schedule data and print audience absences. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D in which the sequence of activities carried out systematically makes it easier to design a seminar audience registration system. With the seminar audience registration system, it makes it easy to manage the proposal seminar schedule, makes it easy to access anywhere with internet, and the implementation of proposal seminars becomes more effective and efficient because the system used is based on databases and online.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Laju Reaksi Berbasis Inkuiri Terstruktur Kelas XI SMA

EduKimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Rosi Efliana ◽  
Minda Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Questionnaire Validation ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Validity Test ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
D Model ◽  
Very High

Learner Worksheet (LKPD) of reaction rates based structured inquiry in class XI SMA had been dertemine validity and practicality. The type of research used is Research and Development (RD). The development model was a 4-D model consisting of 4 stages, namely (1) Define, (2) Design, (3) Develop, (4) Desseminate. The disseminate stage was not carried out due to time and cost constraints. The research instrument used was a questionnaire validation and practicality questionnaire. The validation questionnaire was filled by 3 chemistry lecturers from FMIPA UNP and 2 chemistry teachers from SMAN 2 Lubuk Basung. Practicality questionnaire was filled by 2 chemistry teachers and 30 students of class XII MIPA 3 SMAN 2 Lubuk Basung. Data were analyzed using kappa moments. The average kappa moment of validity test was 0.87 with a very high validity category. The average kappa moment of teacher were 0,88 with a very high practicality category. The average kappa moment of student were 0,87 with a very high practicality category. Thus, it was concluded that reaction rates LKPD based on structured inquiry was valid and practice.

scholarly journals KEGIATAN TARI KREASI MANUK DADALI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK ANAK KELOMPOK B DI TK ARTANITA AL- KHAIRIYAH KOTA TASIKMALAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Aan Darwati ◽  
Heri Yusuf Muslihin ◽  
Rosarina Giyartini
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Group B ◽  
Research Action ◽  
Great Development

ABSTRACTKinestetik Intelligence especially in gross motor development is one that need to be considered by all parties, especially the elderly because of its urgency in the growth of early child development. Problems found in Group B in TK Artanita Al-Khairiyah Tasikmalaya still low motoric crude child skills caused by learning that is still cause by learning that is still conventional. The purpose of this study to improve gross motor of early childhood dance creation manuk dadali. The method used that is research action class Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. The first indicator is flexibility which has significant raising. The final ability is 15,4% in the criteria of development as the expectation and 84,6 % in the criteria of great development. The second indicator is balance which increases with the final ability is 38% in the criteria of development  as the expectation and 61,5% in the criteria of great development. The third indicator is agility which increases with the final ability is 30,8% in the criteria of development as the expectation and 69,2% in the criteria of great development. The fourth indicator is coordination of eyes and foot movement which increases with the final ability is 7,7% in the criteria of beginning development, 38,5% in the criteria of development as the expectation, and 53,8% in the criteria of great development. Moreover, for the fifth indicator; coordination of hands and head movement increases with the final ability is 23,1% in the criteria of development as the expectation and 76,9% in the criteria of great development.ABSTRAKKecerdasan kinestetik khususnya dalam perkembangan motorik kasar merupakan salahsatu yang perlu diperhatikan oleh semua pihak khususnya orangtua karena urgensinya dalam tumbuh kembang anak usia dini. Masalah yang ditemukan pada kelompok B di TK Artanita Al-Khairiyah Kota Tasikmalaya masih rendahnya keterampilan motorik kasar anak yang salah satunya disebabkan pembelajaran masih konvensional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan kinestetik khususnya pada motorik kasar yaitu dengan tari kreasi baru manuk dadali. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Kecerdasan kinestetik anak pada aspek motorik kasar anak mengalami peningkatan pada setiap indikatornya. Indikator yang pertama yaitu kelenturan mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan dengan kemampuan akhir 15,4% pada kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan dan sebesar 84,6% pada kriteria berkembang sangat baik. Indikator yang kedua yaitu Keseimbangan mengalami peningkatan  dengan kemampuan akhir sebesar 38,5% pada kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan, dan 61,5% pada kriteri berkembang sangat baik. Indikator yang ketiga kelincahan mengalami peningkatan dengan kemampuan akhir sebesar 30,8% pada kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan, dan sebesar 69,2% pada kriteria berkembang sangat baik. Indikator yang ke empat yaitu koordinasi gerakan mata-kaki mengalami peningkatan dengan kemampuan akhir sebesar 7,7% pada kriteria mulai berkembang, 38,5% pada kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan, dan 53,8% pada kriteri berkembang sangat baik.  Begitupun dengan indikator yang ke lima koordinasi gerakan tangan-kepala mangalami peningkatan dengan kemampuan akhir anak sebesar 23,1% pada kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan, dan 76,9% pada kritetia berkembang sangat baik.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN PAI MODEL ADDIE DI SMP INSAN CENDEKIA MENDIRI BOARDING SCHOOL, SIDOARJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khairul Basyar
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Design System ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Addie Model ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
And Training ◽  
Teacher Centered

Education is the process of changing one's behavior through teaching and training so that they become more mature. The lack of application of PAI learning values ​​by students of SMP Insan Cendekia Mandiri Boarding School (ICMBS) Sidoarjo, has made the PAI teachers of SMP ICMBS innovate by developing integrated PAI learning. This is supported by the condition of school which based on the Boarding School. The purpose of this study is to describe how the development of ADDIE PAI learning model conducted by PAI SMP ICMBS teachers. The method used in this research is research and development methods. The results shows that the design of learning in the classroom is with the ADDIE model and with the concept of Building Learning Power (BLP). In addition, Teacher-centered methods sometimes also exist in schools. The development of PAI learning undertaken by SMP ICMBS teachers makes students better at implementing PAI learning values, beside the integrated PAI learning curriculum, as well as an excellent design system.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Kartu Kata Berbahasa Arab dan Kegiatan Pembelajarannya untuk Siswa Kelas III Madrasah Aliyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-279
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid ‘Afafarrasyihab Rahimadinullah ◽  
Nurul Murtadho ◽  
Achmad Sultoni
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Abstract Word ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Specific Learning ◽  
Grade Iii ◽  
Made In

Abstract: Word cards are unique, captivating, and specific learning media. In this research, Arabic word cards are used to improve students’ vocabulary mastery in learning Arabic. This research is aimed to (1) develop Arabic word cards and the learning activities for grade III students of Madrasah Aliyah; (2) identify the effectiveness of using Arabic word cards and the learning activities. The method of this research is Research and Development. The data sources include a subject expert, a media expert, a learning expert, a teacher, and students. The data are collected using questionnaires. The word cards are made in two forms, namely mind map, and word-by-word. The Arabic word cards are equipped with Arabic learning activities. Overall, the result of the development and the research shows that the average score is 89% in the valid category with details as follows: subject expert 91.7%, media expert 68.2%, learning expert 92.5%, teacher’s assessment 100%, and students’ assessment 92.8%. Therefore, it can be concluded that Arabic word cards and the learning activities are effective to be used in learning Arabic for grade III students of Madrasah Aliyah. Keywords: development, word cards, Arabic Abstrak: Kartu kata merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang unik, memukau, dan spesifik. Dalam penelitian ini, kartu kata berbahasa Arab digunakan untuk meningkatkan penguasaan kosakata siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengembangkan kartu kata berbahasa Arab dan kegiatan pembelajarannya untuk siswa kelas III Madrasah Aliyah; (2) Mendeskripsikan kelayakan pemanfaatan kartu kata berbahasa Arab dan kegiatan pembelajarannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development. Sumber data ini adalah ahli materi, ahli media, ahli pembelajaran, guru, dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Pengembangan media ini berupa media kartu kata berbahasa Arab yang memiliki 2 bentuk yaitu bentuk peta konsep dan tampilan perkata. Media kartu kata berbahasa Arab dilengkapi dengan kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Secara keseluruhan hasil pengembangan dan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata sebesar 89% dalam kategori valid dengan rincian: uji ahli materi 91,7%, uji ahli media 68,2%, uji ahli pembelajaran 92,5%, penilaian guru 100%, dan penilaian siswa 92,8%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media kartu kata berbahasa Arab dan kegiatan pembelajaran yang dikembangkan ini layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab kelas III di Madrasah Aliyah. Kata Kunci: pengembangan, kartu kata, bahasa Arab

scholarly journals Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Pop Up Book Pada Pembelajaran IPS Di Kelas IV SD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Elyta Apriliani ◽  
Ana Nurhasanah ◽  
Zerri Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Media ◽  
Expert Validation ◽  
Class Iv

In the learning process in the classroom, students often find it difficult to understand the material being taught because the use of learning media is not optimal. This study aims to develop pop-up book learning media and to determine the feasibility of the developed pop-up book learning media. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) with research and development procedures from Borg and Gall. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet for expert validation and student responses. Based on the data analysis, the material expert's assessment was 95.6% in the "Very Good" category; the linguist's assessment of 87.5% is categorized as "Very Good"; the media expert's assessment of 94.3% is categorized as "Very Good" and the assessment of the response of students in class IV SD Negeri Secang by 99% is categorized as "Very Good". So that the pop-up book meets the criteria to be used as a learning medium.

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