A Philosophy for Human Existence

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Jennifer Anna Gosetti-Ferencei
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Phenomenological Reduction ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Abstract Ideas ◽  
Being There ◽  
Being And Becoming

This chapter identifies the classical philosophical concepts with which existentialism is concerned—being, non-being, and becoming, existence, and essence. It shows how existentialist philosophers transform these abstract ideas to consider the concrete existence of the human individual from a subjective point of view. Starting from Whitman’s recognition of the here and now, and proceeding through Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre, and Beauvoir, it is demonstrated how traditional philosophical categories first conceived by ancient philosophers echo through the existentialist movement. Kierkegaard’s rejection of idealist rationalism, Nietzsche’s retrieval of Heraclitus’s theory of becoming, Heidegger’s understanding of the human being as Dasein or “being there,” Sartre’s notion of “existence precedes essence,” and Beauvoir’s comparison of existentialist conversion to the phenomenological reduction are discussed in light of existentialist affirmation of the transience and particularity of the human self.

scholarly journals Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
L. S. Chernyak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Intuitive Notion ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Mode Of Being

Human Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective (by Leon Chernyak). The article considers the problem of inclusion from the point of view of a philosopher working in the area of ontological anthropology. Proceeding from this ontological perspective, it argues that the notion of a human being as the embodiment of culture (and, consequently, of the human individual as an embodied entity) constitutes the major obstacle for the development of a theoretically consistent conceptual framework for the intuitive notion of inclusion of people with disabilities. The notion of a human individual as a corporeal (or bodily) entity is proposed as an alternative to the notion of human individual as an embodied entity. On the basis of the notion of the human individual as a corporeal (bodily) entity, the concept of culture as the only form of objectification of the human mode of being is proposed, and, in its turn, on the basis of this concept of culture the following concepts are formulated: health (the integrity of the organism), medical norm, and disease.

Sleep and dreams of the blind

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Marzenna Zaorska
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
General Perspective

One can risk a statement that the problem of sleep has been of interest almost since the dawn of human existence. It remains interesting up until now, not only because of a thread of mystery, but also from the strictly scientific point of view and in order to get closer to the understanding the phenomenon of human being. The issue of sleep inpeople who were born blind seems equally significant and fascinating,. Therefore, the article presents the dilemma of sleep both from a general perspective and alsoin the context of dreams of people who were born blind. Four adults (two women and two men) experiencing the consequences of being blindfrom birth took part in the study.

scholarly journals A Consciência e a Questão da Humanidade do Humano em Das Wesen des Christentums, de Ludwig Feuerbach

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 135-164
Author(s):  
Nuno Castanheira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ludwig Feuerbach ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Free Actions ◽  
Individual Human

Individualism is one of the fundamental traits of our time, based on an emphatic and recurrent defence of individual freedom, as experienced by consciousness. This point of view seems to entail a refuse of all kinds of transcendence, cosmological or onto-theological, characterized by an authoritarian and undisputed heteronomy. However, this perspective does not take into account a third type of transcendence, one that occurs in that radical immanence, in the core of individual freedom and autonomy. This type of transcendence takes shape as an ethical and aesthetical relationship carved in the heart of each individual human being, each one of his particular conscious States and the simultaneous consciousness of his Humanity. The aim of this essay is to give an understanding of Ludwig Feuerbach’s The Essence of Christianity and its philosophy of Revelation, as a reflection on religion and its anthropological origins. In our viewpoint, The Essence of Christianity is an effort to ascertain the genetic elements of human religiosity and clarify its meaning as a movement of reconnecting the human individual with a transcendence that is his own Humanity, given in the immanence of his conscious life. Religion remains a law of transcendence, as the feeling that binds the individual to his Humanity, an everlasting commandment coming from an Otherness that projects itself as a horizon to his free actions.

scholarly journals Gamification of human being in the context of digital culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Oksana Novikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
New Type ◽  
Being There

Introduction and purpose of the study. The article is focused analyzing the phenomenon of gamification of human being in the context of current changes in digital culture. The author reveals anthropological consequences of this phenomenon. Methods. Methods of scientific research, making it possible to identify and characterize anthropological consequences of digitalization of human being and culture, are philosophical, anthropological and cultural analyses. Scientific novelty of the research. The author describes the virtual form of gamification of human being, presented in digital self-presentation. The author justifies the emergence of a new type of man, Homo mobiludens, for whom virtual reality becomes a simplified form of being, and technical and technological capabilities create the effect of being there. The expanded possibilities of human existence gamification in education and service sector with the beginning of the global Covid-19 pandemic are shown. Conclusions. The gamification of being, combining together managerial, socio-cultural, technological and marketing innovations, streamlines human life risks in a new digital culture.

Value and Character Education Based on Qur’anic

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Eva Nurhaeny
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Education Concept

This essay discusses based on Qur’anic value and character education. In gobalization era, it has great impact on young behaviour change such as fighting, free sex, drug and other delinquencies. The occurred result is serious enough and it cannot be assumed just as a simple matter again, mainly that the subjects and the victim are young people whose have professions as students. The fact indicates that education world has to give an important role toward preventing national moral decadency in the effort of preparing the better future young generation. In this regard, we are aware that the education goal, basically, is to build better morality of human being or in another term is to “humanize the human being”. An idea regarding the significance of character education was appeared as a given solution in answering the morality problem in Indonesian education world. Character education is part of value education. That why, looking for the character education concept has been very urgent in the effort of preparing excellent, faithful, professional and personalized leaner as being asked by the education goal. The essence of characterized behavior actually is the psychological totality form which includes the whole human individual potency of cognitive, affective and psycho-motoric aspects, and also socio-cultural totality function in the context of interaction with God, him or herself, other human beings and the environment in his or her long life. Furthermore, in Qur’an’s teaching, the figure of the Messenger Peace be upon him (PBUH) is viewed as “the model human being”. In this context, the concept of Qur’anic charactereducation can be found through three moral dimensions that should be actualized in human being personality. They are the morality toward Allah (spiritual quotient/ intelligence), the morality toward our self (emotional quotient) and the morality toward Allah’s creatures, human being and environment (social quotient). Then, school should make the Holy Qur’an as the foundation of character education’s implementation whereas the implementation form in the school can be developed through intra-curricular, extra-curricular or personality and school culture development.

D’une hétérotopie à l’autre où le vagabondage au féminin (Jean Echenoz, Un an)

2014 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Simona Jişa
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The South ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Strong Feeling ◽  
Continuous Decrease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Jean Echenoz

Jean Echenoz’s text presents Victoria’s story who runs away from Paris, believing that she has killed her lover. Her straying (that embraces the form of a relative deterritorialization in a Deleuzian sense) lasts one year and it is built up geographically upon a descent (more or less symbolical) to the South of France and, after that, she comes back to Paris and encloses the spatial and textual curl. From a spatial point of view, she turns into a heterotopia (Foucault) every place where she is located, fact that reflects her incapability of constituting a personal, intimate space. The railway stations, the trains, the hotels, the improvised houses of those with no fixed abode are turning, according to Marc Augé’s terminology, into a « non-lieux » that excludes human being. Her vagrancy is characterized through a continuous flight from police and people and through a continuous decrease of her standard of living and dignity. It’s not about a quest of oneself, but about a loss of oneself. Urged by a strong feeling of culpability, her vagrancy is a self-punishment that comes to an end when the concerns of her problems disappear and she finds out that her lover is alive.

The confrontation between essence and existence in Plato and Aristotle’s ideas in art

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Ramin Keshavarz ◽  
Moheb Ali Absalan
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Art World ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Art Philosophy ◽  
Theory Of Forms

Plato by proposing the "theory of forms" changed the essence of truth and he converted it from sensorial case to extrasensory. As a result, he disparaged art and beauty that they were depended with world of phenomena and senses. He considered idea’s position in the sphere of institute and episteme and placed sensorial case, "Doxa" and "Eikon" as base of art that from his point of view is not world of "to be" and "not to be", but its world of representation and as a result he interpreted art world and it’s product as a false phenomena. He claimed that art relates with revealed component of ego that causes irreparable ruin for human being and has relationship with "Episteme". In the other hand, Aristotle unlike Plato believed in art and existence originality and considered art as a result of human’s episteme and rationality. He introduced adequacy, cognition natural talent as three principle of art. He claimed art and science deal with episteme and knowledge and they are common at the end. But what is Plato and Aristotle disagreement in sphere of art and from where it originates? And which cases are not similar in the sphere of art? The following essay will explain Plato and Aristotle’s art philosophy and comparing and explaining their ideas with relating existence originality and essence originality.  

scholarly journals Pytanie o sens życia

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Karol Bujnowski
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Nowadays more often people are asking about the meaning of life. It is a fundamental question that every human being faces. Man is asking whether life is worth living, what to do to make our life meaningful?A human being, among many needs, has the need for discovering the sense of life, the need comes from the very core of human existence as placed in time and connected with the phenomenon of passing away. Discovering the sense of life leads to the experience of happiness, joy, and to inner life lived much more to the full. Showing the meaning of life and helping to find that meaning are very important functions of religion. Due to it, a man is able to live one’s life, ambitions, goals, joyful moments as well as his or her suffering in the light of deeper understanding. Religion is the one that can often bring the richest and deepest answers to the question of the two meanings: the meaning of life and the world.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Pembebasan : Telaah Terhadap Pemikiran Paulo Freire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
muh. idris
Keyword(s):  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Real ◽  
Outdoor Condition ◽  
Formal Institution ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Formal School

Nowadays, education tends to ignore the value of human being which consists of the liberation. The liberation value in human individual is taken by another person who yells out democracy. We can find the real fact in reality where one person takes another person’s right through an institution with democracy and quality reasons. An education scientist, Paulo Freire, gives an illustration that education today through formal institution makes robot in human who work as mechanic machine, where their independent to act and express the ideas is limited. In simple way, Freire points out that, “The absolute consistency will make life becomes worthless, discolor, and cannot be felt experience.” Based on the statement above, Freire has deschooling concept, the concept of study without schooling. It’s because the study can be done out of the formal school even in outdoor condition.

scholarly journals What is the Meaning of Immanuel Kant’s Notion of the Human Being as the Ultimate End of Nature?

Problemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Danutė Bacevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Ethical Vision ◽  
Insight Into

The article explores Kant’s notion of the human being as the ultimate end of nature, presenting an ethical interpretation of this notion. The author of this article believes that the analysis of Kant’s assumptions will allow a deeper understanding of our own hermeneutical situation, in which ecological problems force us to rethink our relationship with nature and the meaning of human existence. Analyzing Kant’s early texts on Lisbon earthquake and his reflection on the sublime in the Critique of Judgement, the author asks how the experience of an uncontrolled natural element complements Kant’s ethical vision of nature’s teleology. Emphasizing the importance of insight into human vulnerability for the implementation of moral purpose in nature, the article outlines guidelines for interpretation that allow the relevance of Kant’s position in the context of contemporary environmental ethics.

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