Fundamentals of Stochastic Site Characterization

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Subsurface Geology ◽  
Site Investigations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Statistical Behavior ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Geological Formations

A few schematic representations of heterogeneous geological formations are depicted in figure 2.1. These and similar types of images, often encountered in geological site investigations, demonstrate the complexity of subsurface geology. Each image shows several blocks, all nearly homogeneous in terms of some physical or chemical property z, but with possibly strong variations in properties in between. The patterns of spatial variability shown in these images are difficult to capture in the absence of a large number of measurements adequately distributed over the domain. However, the high cost of procuring such databases renders deterministic image reconstruction an elusive goal, one which is largely abandoned in favor of approaches which try to formulate the laws which govern the pattern of spatial variability. These models are known as space random functions (or SRFs, for short). Besides deconstructing complex spatial variability patterns into simple, quantitative laws, SRFs can be used to construct images which have these spatial laws in common, and to estimate z at specific locations. Constructing a SRF for a spatially variable z is based on analysis of z measurements. The goal of that analysis is to reduce the ensemble of measurements to a few useful statistics which capture mathematically the pattern of spatial variability. A few statistics were found to be very useful for exposing the laws of variability, and will be explored in detail. The data analysis includes single (univariate), two-point (bivariate), and multipoint (multivariate) analyses. Univariate analysis focuses on the same-point statistical behavior of the variable z, regardless of the behavior of its neighbors. It answer questions such as “What is the average value of Z?” or “What are the chances that Z will exceed 1000 units?” Bivariate and multivariate analyses explore the simultaneous behavior of z at two or more locations. They provide tools which answer questions such as “What is the likelihood that a region of high permeability will stretch between the contamination source and some environmentally sensitive target?” or “What is the probability to observe z larger than 1500 units at x given that a value of 1300 was measured 5 meters away from x?”

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS INSTAGRAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN SADARI SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN DINI KANKER PAYUDARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Ervi Rachma Dewi ◽  
Lutfi Nihayani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
The One

Breast cancer is one of the cancers that cause women's death, because women who fail to realize why they have cancer. The high risk of breast cancer is caused by breast cancer education since adolescents in protection and early breast cancer. Based on the initial survey, it was found that 92.5% of 40 teenagers in Kudus did not know BSE, and 7.5% of 40 teenagers had heard the term BSE. Instagram as one of the information media that is widely used today can be used as a health promotion media. This research reveals knowledge of Instagram social media in increasing BSE knowledge as an early increase in cancer in adolescents in the Kudus district. The type and design of this study was pre- experimental with the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample in this study was adolescents in various high schools in Kudus Regency with 90 adolescents. The research instrument was questionnaire and Instagram media with AISAS. The data analysis of this research is univariate analysis to determine the level of knowledge and media instagram with AISAS while the bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon test. Based on the results of the study the average value before intervention 47.78 and intervention 74.50, the level of awareness of adolescents about BSE both 46 (51.1%) and sufficient 44 (48.9%) with the Wilcoxon test results obtained a value of 0, 0001 (p

EFFECT OF ZINK TABLETS INTERVENTION IN ZINC DEFICIENCY OF TRIMESTER III PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARD WEIGHT AND BODY LENGTH OF NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-312
Author(s):  
Nurfadillah S ◽  
Wardihan Sinrang ◽  
Suryani As'ad ◽  
Muh. Nasrum Massi ◽  
Mardiana Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Birth Length ◽  
World Health ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Value ◽  
Zinc Levels

Background: According to 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) data globally, an estimated 17.3% of the population has inadequate zinc intake, with estimates ranging from 5.7% in Oceania to 7.6% in Europe, 9.6% in America and the Caribbean, highest in Africa (23.9%) and Asia (19.6%). Zinc is important for the function of a number of enzymes and growth hormones during pregnancy. In pregnant women, the relative zinc concentration decreases up to 35% due to the influence of hormonal changes and the transport of nutrients from mother to baby. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of giving zinc tablets to pregnant women with zinc deficiency in the third trimester on body weight and length of babies born at the Makassar City Health Center. Methods: This type of research is True Experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample in this study was 62 samples of third trimester pregnant women, and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Measurement of zinc levels in third trimester pregnant women using the Elisa reader kit at the Research Laboratory of the Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The research instruments were in the form of a research explanation sheet, respondent's consent sheet, respondent's checklist sheet, and the mother's zinc tablet consumption control sheet for 14 days. Results: Judging from the average value of newborns in pregnant women who did not have zinc deficiency, the average value of birth weight in pregnant women with zinc deficiency was 15.70 g/dL and 18.95 g/dL. zinc deficiency with a value (p < 0.05), while pregnant women with zinc deficiency have an average birth length of 10.00 g/dL and mothers who do not have a deficiency of 19.87 g/dL with a value (p < 0.05). So, it can be concluded that giving zinc tablets to pregnant women in the third trimester has an effect on Birth Weight (BBL) and Birth Length (PBL). Conclusion: Giving zinc tablets has an effect on increasing zinc levels in third trimester zinc deficiency pregnant women and increasing birth weight and length of the baby.  

scholarly journals Prediction of Outcome for Transabdominal Cerclage in Women with Cervical Insufficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Song ◽  
Keun Young Lee ◽  
Ga Hyun Son
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Prediction Of Outcome

We investigated pregnancy outcome following transabdominal cerclage (TAC) in women with cervical insufficiency (CI) and explored parameters for predicting pregnancy outcomes following TAC. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 161 women with TAC. We considered demographic, obstetric, and gynecologic histories, pre- and postoperative cervical length (CL), and CL at 20–24 weeks as parameters for predicting outcomes following TAC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for predicting delivery before 34 weeks after TAC. 182 pregnancies occurred after TAC, and 290 pregnancies prior to TAC were identified. The rate of delivery <34 weeks significantly decreased following TAC (5% versus 82%,P<0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated that a short CL (<25 mm) at 20–24 weeks and adenomyosis were associated with delivery at <34 weeks’ gestation following TAC (P=0.015andP=0.005, resp.). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only a short CL (<25 mm) at 20–24 weeks was a significant predictor (P=0.005). TAC is an efficacious procedure that prolongs pregnancy in women with CI. A short CL at 20–24 weeks may predict the delivery at <34 weeks’ gestation following TAC.

scholarly journals Identification of factors associated with hand hygiene adherence as a support for creating curriculum for nurses training – a multivariate analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. e444
Author(s):  
Anna Garus-Pakowska
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Educational Programmes

Aim. Handwashing is the easiest way to prevent infection but is often neglected. The purpose of the study was to identify the barriers limiting the respect for hygiene procedures by nurses. Material and Methods. The study involved direct quasi-participant observation and a questionnaire of 11 nurses in six wards of three hospitals in Poland. Results. In total,1,195 observations were conducted in which 3,355 activities requiring hygiene procedures were observed over 8 months. The nurses’ knowledge of proper hand hygiene and infection prevention principles were unsatisfactory, with an average value of correct answers in the knowledge test of 8.7 (Max = 15). The univariate analysis indicated the following barriers in hand hygiene: emergencies, allergies, or too few dispensers. In multivariate analysis, the application of hygiene procedures depended on the level of education (higher education – worse compliance with the rules) and subjective conviction that handwashing/glove use was important. Conclusion. Educational programmes on hand hygiene should focus on the World Health Organisation indications that glove use is not a substitute for handwashing.

scholarly journals Towards an individualised neural assessment of receptive language in children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Petit ◽  
Nicholas A. Badcock ◽  
Tijl Grootswagers ◽  
Anina N. Rich ◽  
Jon Brock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Grade System ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Research Grade

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to develop a non-invasive neural test of language comprehension to use with non-speaking children for whom standard behavioural testing is unreliable (e.g., minimally-verbal autism). Our aims were three-fold. First, we sought to establish the sensitivity of two auditory paradigms to elicit neural responses in individual neurotypical children. Second, we aimed to validate the use of a portable and accessible electroencephalography (EEG) system, by comparing its recordings to those of a research-grade system. Third, in light of substantial inter-individual variability in individuals’ neural responses, we assessed whether multivariate decoding methods could improve sensitivity.MethodsWe tested the sensitivity of two child-friendly covert N400 paradigms. Thirty-one typically developing children listened to identical spoken words that were either strongly predicted by the preceding context or violated lexical-semantic expectations. Context was given by a cue word (Experiment 1) or sentence frame (Experiment 2) and participants either made an overall judgement on word relatedness or counted lexical-semantic violations. We measured EEG concurrently from a research-grade system, Neuroscan’s SynAmps2, and an adapted gaming system, Emotiv’s EPOC+.ResultsWe found substantial inter-individual variability in the timing and topology of N400-like effects. For both paradigms and EEG systems, traditional N400 effects at the expected sensors and time points were statistically significant in around 50% of individuals. Using multivariate analyses, detection rate increased to 88% of individuals for the research-grade system in the sentences paradigm, illustrating the robustness of this method in the face of inter-individual variations in topography.ConclusionsThere was large inter-individual variability in neural responses, suggesting inter-individual variation in either the cognitive response to lexical-semantic violations, and/or the neural substrate of that response. Around half of our neurotypical participants showed the expected N400 effect at the expected location and time point. A low-cost, accessible EEG system provided comparable data for univariate analysis but was not well suited to multivariate decoding. However, multivariate analyses with a research-grade EEG system increased our detection rate to 88% of individuals. This approach provides a strong foundation to establish a neural index of language comprehension in children with limited communication.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN MODEL PEMECAHAN MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR ANALISIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI GRAVITASI NEWTON

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sabaruddin Sabaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Average Ability ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
A Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Parametric Statistics

Mathematical analytics Important, analytical skills When students are able to understand analysis in physics learning, students will be able to answer questions with questions that are different from the examples given by the teacher. The aim of studying the increased thinking of participants in cognitive taxonomy analysis in Newton's law materials was approved using problem solving learning models. Hypothesis testing is done by comparing the average value of the ability of the initial test (pre-test) and the average ability of the final test (post-test) of students. The process of testing the hypothesis will test the normality and homogeneity test as a requirement to use parametric statistics, namely by using the t-test. Based on the results of the study obtained a value of tcount (8.25) and ttable value at dk = 42 with a 95% confidence level obtained at 2.02. This shows that tcount> t table. So can it be concluded that the expansion of students' thinking analysis ideas on cognitive taxonomy in the legal material used uses problem solving learning models.

scholarly journals The index of “electrical quality of the heart” allows predicting the degree of risk of fatal cardiogenic conditions in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Melnikova ◽  
Yu. A. Tokarevа
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Electrical Instability ◽  
A Value

The purpose of the research. The optimization of the method electrocardiogram’s interpretation (ECG) for diagnosis and prognosis of fatal cardiogenic situations among children and teenagers depending on the severity of myocardial electrical instability.Materials and methods. The authors propose to use a modified method for assessing the “electrical quality of the heart”, proposed by A. N. Volobuev and co-authors in order to assess the electrical instability of the myocardium among children and teenagers. There is a formula which helps to estimate the index of “electrical quality factor of the heart” among children and teenagers: D=(aR/aT):(QT/QRS), where D is the index of “electrical quality factor of the heart”, aT and aR is the amplitude of R wave and T, QT — QT interval, QRS — interval, QRS. ECG was recorded in 12 leads, ECG assessment was carried out according to generally accepted rules.Results. Based on the analysis of 234 ECG of children and teenagers from the neonatal period to 18 years, the criteria of the average value of the index of “electrical quality factor of the heart” (D) were defined, D =1,09 +/- 0,03. It is proved that the value of the index “electrical quality factor of the heart” does not depend on the sex and age of the child. There was a decrease in the index of “electrical quality factor of the heart” was revealed among children with the lengthening of the QT interval.Conclusion. The index of “electrical quality factor of the heart” in pediatric practice allows to predict the risk of fatal cardiogenic conditions, to develop tactics of dynamic monitoring of patients, to evaluate the efficiency of treatment. When D<0.55 it is possible to predict high risk, at a value of 0.55≤D<0.80 — average risk, and at D≥0.80 — low risk of fatal cardiogenic conditions among children and teenagers.

scholarly journals Hubungan antara Kedalaman Permukaan Air Tanah dengan Salinitas di Pesisir Pantai Kungkai Baru serta Penggunaan Model Discovery Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Sutijo Joko Sudiro ◽  
Muchammad Farid ◽  
Eko Swistoro
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT [Relationship between Groundwater Surface Depth with Salinity at the Coast of New Kungkai Beach and its Implementation on Discovery Learning Model]. The aims of this study were 1) to describe the relationship between groundwater surface depth with salinity in the coastal areas of new kungkai beach of Seluma, and 2) to determine the improvement of learning outcomes (cognitive) of high ability students, moderate and low by using discovery learning model on the concept of static fluid in class X computer and network engineering at SMK Negeri 3 Seluma. This research was a quasi experimental research with one groups pretest-posttest design. The results showed: 1) The relationship between depth with salinity has a value of 0.6478 with a significance level of 0.001 (<0.05); 2) Learning with discovery learning model can improve student learning outcomes on cognitive aspects (knowledge). Increased cognitive results can be seen from the average value of the initial test, the final test and the average value of gain in the class x Tkj is high-ability groups are at high criteria with a value of 0.75 gain in the group is in the criteria medium with the value of gain 0,52 and in the low group were in moderate criteria with a gain value of 0.44. There is a difference in learning outcomes between the high, medium and low groups. The difference is shown by Fcount > Ftable (4.04 > 3.35) with a significance level of 5%. Keywords: Groundwater surface depth; salinity; discovery learning model; SMKN 3 Seluma.

scholarly journals Stability of the Retinoid X Receptor-alpha Homodimer in the Presence and Absence of Rexinoid and Coactivator Peptide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengrong Yang ◽  
Donald D. Muccio ◽  
Nathalia Melo ◽  
Venkatram R. Atigadda ◽  
Matthew B. Renfrow
Keyword(s):  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Retinoid X Receptor ◽  
Heat Capacity Change ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Capacity Change ◽  
Differential Scanning Fluorimetry ◽  
Retinoid X Receptor Alpha

ABSTRACTDifferential scanning calorimetry and differential scanning fluorimetry were used to measure the thermal stability of human retinoid X receptor-alpha ligand binding domain (RXRα LBD) homodimer in the absence or presence of rexinoid and coactivator peptide, GRIP-1. The apo-RXRα LBD homodimer displayed a single thermal unfolding transition with a Tm of 58.7 °C and an unfolding enthalpy (ΔH) of 673 kJ/mol (12.5 J/g), much lower than average value (35 J/g) of small globular proteins. Using a heat capacity change (ΔCp) of 15 kJ/(mol·K) determined by measurements at different pH values, the free energy of unfolding (ΔG) of the native state was 33 kJ/mol at 37 °C. Rexinoid binding to the apo-homodimer increased Tm by 5 to 9 °C, and increased the ΔG of the native homodimer by 12 to 20 kJ/mol at 37 °C, consistent with the nanomolar dissociation constant (Kd) of the rexinoids. The increase in ΔG was the result of a more favorable entropic change due to interactions between the rexinoid and hydrophobic residues in the binding pocket, with the larger increases caused by rexinoids containing larger hydrophobic end groups. GRIP-1 binding to holo-homodimers containing rexinoid resulted in additional increases in ΔG of 14 kJ/mol, a value same for all three rexinoids. Binding of rexinoid and GRIP-1 resulted in a combined 50% increase in unfolding enthalpy, consistent with reduced structural fluidity and more compact folding observed in other published structural studies. Thermodynamic analysis thus provided a quantitative evaluation of the interactions between RXR and its agonist and coactivator.

scholarly journals INDONESIAN COCONUT COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Heriyanto Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
International Market ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Average Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Constant Market Share Analysis ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
Derivative Products

Indonesia is one of the country's largest Coconut producer and exporter in the world market. The management efforts of Indonesia coconut not optimal, coconut export is still largely in the form of primary products, a type of derivative products coconut produced Indonesia is still limited. But in general, this research aims to analyze the Export Competitiveness of coconut Indonesia in international markets, specifically aims to analyze the position and competitiveness of Indonesia coconut commodities in the international market. Methods of data analysis using Trade Specialization Index (TSI), the analysis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and the Constant Market Share analysis (CMS). The results showed that during the period of 2005-2016, the development of supply and demand are relatively unstable and likely to rise. TSI values during the period of 2005-2016 have the value positive that shows that Indonesia is a country exporting coconut and belongs into the categories of very mature in the international market, indicated by the average value of the TSI of 1.00. The value of the RCA during the period of 2005-2016 have a value above 1 indicating that Indonesia Coconut has a comparative advantage for the commodity. While the analysis results in CMS during the period of 2005-2016 based on the four effects shows that the competitiveness of coconut Indonesia influenced by standard growth effects and efficient distribution where the coconut export growth in Indonesia is affected by the growth of coconut import world.  

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