India, the Janus Energy Sovereign

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Peter Drahos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Its Region ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Private Firms

India is at an innovation crossroads in which it can choose between staying on its well-worn path of an incremental imitation of mature technologies developed elsewhere or becoming an innovator in the bio-digital energy paradigm. India has an incentive to do the latter because climate models suggest it and its region will be one of the most severely affected by climate change. India has launched the “Solar India” mission, but it has also opened its coal sector to private firms. India like China is undergoing a monumental urbanization. It could use its cities to urbanize innovation. India, with its successful high-tech experience in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, aerospace, and information technology, along with its large population of poor people, could combine high technology with the value of frugality.

scholarly journals Development of High-tech Agriculture in the Context of Industrialization and Urbanization: The Case of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-678
Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Tru ◽  
Tran Huu Cuong ◽  
Vu Ngoc Huyen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Economic ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
High Tech

The aim of this article is to assess the importance and development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam under the context of industrialization and urbanization. Due to pressure from international economic integration and climate change in recent years, high-tech agriculture seems to be an affordable direction for Vietnam to renovate the agricultural sector. Although high-tech agriculture has existed in different locals and sub-sectors of agriculture such as crop, livestock, and aquaculture, and Vietnam has obtained initial achievements in adopting high-tech agriculture, this country has to face a number of challenges related to land, credit, information technology, and human resources in the process of developing high-tech agriculture. Lastly, policies are recommended to facilitate the development of high-tech agriculture in Vietnam.

scholarly journals COMMON FEATURES AND DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Tetiana Serediuk ◽  
Yurii Vdovychenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Innovation Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
High Technology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Innovation Diffusion Theory ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
High Technologies

The goods, which are positioned on modern global markets as innovative and high-tech products, occupy more and more segments, owing to the contemporary modifications of the innovation diffusion theory and the ways of its implementation on high-tech markets. However, the meaning of the term “high technology” and “innovations” is quite disputable. An identification of the ontological characteristics of these definitions is of particular interest and practical value in terms of the transformation of a scientific and methodological framework for control of innovation diffusion in conditions of invariance on the market of high-tech information technology. Therefore, the author’s article is aimed at the identification of the above-stated definitions and generalization of their distinctions. Methodology. The methodology of the article is based on the theoretical researches of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, which are synthesized, systematized, and analysed to identify the distinctive features of “high tech” and “innovations”. One of the critical methodological tool, represented in the research, is an application of frequency analysis using online service “Google Books Ngram Viewer”, which enabled us to compare frequency of references in scientific researches of the term “innovations” and “high technologies” as well as to compile analytical database of the research. Results. As a result of the author’s study, it has been established that the frequency of using the term “innovations” is continuously increasing and the definition itself has a huge variety of interpretations. This paper suggests generalizing the innovations as the implementation of the new idea, which produces widespread and long-term changes. As distinct from innovations, a term “high technology” means the narrower spectrum of radical changes. Although it has a few names, such as “high-technology”, “high tech”, “high-tech”, “hi-tech”, which, besides technology, can have other functionality. Practical implications. The presented results make it possible to develop more efficient communication channels for innovation diffusion, more precisely to identify innovators and mechanisms of their involvement in corporate activities, alternative forms of innovative activities in corporations. Value/originality. As a result of the study, it has been proved that technologies have common features with radical technical innovations, such as high science intensity, enhanced efficiency. Nevertheless, while being distributed on the market, innovation becomes a commodity and high technologies remain the same until the creation of state-of-the-art technologies. On this basis, it is possible more precisely to introduce innovations of IT companies according to information technology market segments.

DEVELOPING THE SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINE IN THE PERIOD OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Dung
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
International Scientific Journal

Characteristics of the industrial revolution 4.0 is the wide application of high-tech achievements, especially information technology, digitalization, artificial intelligence, network connections for management to create sudden changes in socio-economic development of many countries. Therefore, to reach the high-tech time, many magazines in Vietnam have changed dramatically, striving to reach the international scientific journal system of ISI, Scopus. The publication of international standard scientific journal will meet the demand of publishing research results of local scientists, on the other hand contribute to strengthening exchange, cooperation, international integration in science and technology.

scholarly journals Surface Water Temperature Predictions at a Mid-Latitude Reservoir under Long-Term Climate Change Impacts Using a Deep Neural Network Coupled with a Transfer Learning Approach

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Kimura ◽  
Kei Ishida ◽  
Daichi Baba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Surface Water Temperature

Long-term climate change may strongly affect the aquatic environment in mid-latitude water resources. In particular, it can be demonstrated that temporal variations in surface water temperature in a reservoir have strong responses to air temperature. We adopted deep neural networks (DNNs) to understand the long-term relationships between air temperature and surface water temperature, because DNNs can easily deal with nonlinear data, including uncertainties, that are obtained in complicated climate and aquatic systems. In general, DNNs cannot appropriately predict unexperienced data (i.e., out-of-range training data), such as future water temperature. To improve this limitation, our idea is to introduce a transfer learning (TL) approach. The observed data were used to train a DNN-based model. Continuous data (i.e., air temperature) ranging over 150 years to pre-training to climate change, which were obtained from climate models and include a downscaling model, were used to predict past and future surface water temperatures in the reservoir. The results showed that the DNN-based model with the TL approach was able to approximately predict based on the difference between past and future air temperatures. The model suggested that the occurrences in the highest water temperature increased, and the occurrences in the lowest water temperature decreased in the future predictions.

scholarly journals Regions of intensification of extreme snowfall under future warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Quante ◽  
Sven N. Willner ◽  
Robin Middelanis ◽  
Anders Levermann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Future Warming

AbstractDue to climate change the frequency and character of precipitation are changing as the hydrological cycle intensifies. With regards to snowfall, global warming has two opposing influences; increasing humidity enables intense snowfall, whereas higher temperatures decrease the likelihood of snowfall. Here we show an intensification of extreme snowfall across large areas of the Northern Hemisphere under future warming. This is robust across an ensemble of global climate models when they are bias-corrected with observational data. While mean daily snowfall decreases, both the 99th and the 99.9th percentiles of daily snowfall increase in many regions in the next decades, especially for Northern America and Asia. Additionally, the average intensity of snowfall events exceeding these percentiles as experienced historically increases in many regions. This is likely to pose a challenge to municipalities in mid to high latitudes. Overall, extreme snowfall events are likely to become an increasingly important impact of climate change in the next decades, even if they will become rarer, but not necessarily less intense, in the second half of the century.

scholarly journals Reassessing Existing Reservoir Supply Capacity and Management Resilience under Climate Change and Sediment Deposition

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Eleni S. Bekri ◽  
Polychronis Economou ◽  
Panayotis C. Yannopoulos ◽  
Alexander C. Demetracopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Supply Capacity

Freshwater resources are limited and seasonally and spatially unevenly distributed. Thus, in water resources management plans, storage reservoirs play a vital role in safeguarding drinking, irrigation, hydropower and livestock water supply. In the last decades, the dams’ negative effects, such as fragmentation of water flow and sediment transport, are considered in decision-making, for achieving an optimal balance between human needs and healthy riverine and coastal ecosystems. Currently, operation of existing reservoirs is challenged by increasing water demand, climate change effects and active storage reduction due to sediment deposition, jeopardizing their supply capacity. This paper proposes a methodological framework to reassess supply capacity and management resilience for an existing reservoir under these challenges. Future projections are derived by plausible climate scenarios and global climate models and by stochastic simulation of historic data. An alternative basic reservoir management scenario with a very low exceedance probability is derived. Excess water volumes are investigated under a probabilistic prism for enabling multiple-purpose water demands. Finally, this method is showcased to the Ladhon Reservoir (Greece). The probable total benefit from water allocated to the various water uses is estimated to assist decision makers in examining the tradeoffs between the probable additional benefit and risk of exceedance.

scholarly journals Repeated surveying over 6 years reveals that fine-scale habitat variables are key to tropical mountain ant assemblage composition and functional diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulalo M. Muluvhahothe ◽  
Grant S. Joseph ◽  
Colleen L. Seymour ◽  
Thinandavha C. Munyai ◽  
Stefan H. Foord
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Fine Scale

AbstractHigh-altitude-adapted ectotherms can escape competition from dominant species by tolerating low temperatures at cooler elevations, but climate change is eroding such advantages. Studies evaluating broad-scale impacts of global change for high-altitude organisms often overlook the mitigating role of biotic factors. Yet, at fine spatial-scales, vegetation-associated microclimates provide refuges from climatic extremes. Using one of the largest standardised data sets collected to date, we tested how ant species composition and functional diversity (i.e., the range and value of species traits found within assemblages) respond to large-scale abiotic factors (altitude, aspect), and fine-scale factors (vegetation, soil structure) along an elevational gradient in tropical Africa. Altitude emerged as the principal factor explaining species composition. Analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity indicated that ant assemblages are specific to each elevation, so species are not filtered out but replaced with new species as elevation increases. Similarity of assemblages over time (assessed using beta decay) did not change significantly at low and mid elevations but declined at the highest elevations. Assemblages also differed between northern and southern mountain aspects, although at highest elevations, composition was restricted to a set of species found on both aspects. Functional diversity was not explained by large scale variables like elevation, but by factors associated with elevation that operate at fine scales (i.e., temperature and habitat structure). Our findings highlight the significance of fine-scale variables in predicting organisms’ responses to changing temperature, offering management possibilities that might dilute climate change impacts, and caution when predicting assemblage responses using climate models, alone.

scholarly journals Projecting heat-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Maigeng Zhou ◽  
Zhoupeng Ren ◽  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Boguang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios

AbstractRecent studies have reported a variety of health consequences of climate change. However, the vulnerability of individuals and cities to climate change remains to be evaluated. We project the excess cause-, age-, region-, and education-specific mortality attributable to future high temperatures in 161 Chinese districts/counties using 28 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). To assess the influence of population ageing on the projection of future heat-related mortality, we further project the age-specific effect estimates under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Heat-related excess mortality is projected to increase from 1.9% (95% eCI: 0.2–3.3%) in the 2010s to 2.4% (0.4–4.1%) in the 2030 s and 5.5% (0.5–9.9%) in the 2090 s under RCP8.5, with corresponding relative changes of 0.5% (0.0–1.2%) and 3.6% (−0.5–7.5%). The projected slopes are steeper in southern, eastern, central and northern China. People with cardiorespiratory diseases, females, the elderly and those with low educational attainment could be more affected. Population ageing amplifies future heat-related excess deaths 2.3- to 5.8-fold under different SSPs, particularly for the northeast region. Our findings can help guide public health responses to ameliorate the risk of climate change.

scholarly journals An Orchid in Retrograde: Climate-Driven Range Shift Patterns of Ophrys helenae in Greece

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Martha Charitonidou ◽  
Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis ◽  
John M. Halley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Northwestern Greece ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Climate change is regarded as one of the most important threats to plants. Already species around the globe are showing considerable latitudinal and altitudinal shifts. Helen’s bee orchid (Ophrys helenae), a Balkan endemic with a distribution center in northwestern Greece, is reported to be expanding east and southwards. Since this southeastern movement goes against the usual expectations, we investigated via Species Distribution Modelling, whether this pattern is consistent with projections based on the species’ response to climate change. We predicted the species’ future distribution based on three different climate models in two climate scenarios. We also explored the species’ potential distribution during the Last Interglacial and the Last Glacial Maximum. O. helenae is projected to shift mainly southeast and experience considerable area changes. The species is expected to become extinct in the core of its current distribution, but to establish a strong presence in the mid- and high-altitude areas of the Central Peloponnese, a region that could have provided shelter in previous climatic extremes.

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