scholarly journals Temperature and Wetness-Duration Requirements for Grape Leaf and Cane Infection by Phomopsis viticola

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Erincik ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
D. C. Ferree ◽  
M. A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
The Relationship

In 1998 and 1999, controlled-environment studies were conducted in growth chambers to determine the temperature and wetness-duration parameters required for leaf and cane infection of grape by Phomopsis viticola. Greenhouse-grown ‘Catawba’ (Vitis labrusca) and ‘Seyval’ (French hybrid) grapes were inoculated with P. viticola and incubated at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C and at wetness durations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 h for each temperature. Data from each cultivar were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis to determine the relationship between disease severity and temperature and wetness duration. A generalized form of the Analytis Beta model was found to provide the best fit to the data. Disease severity on leaves and canes increased with increasing wetness duration at most temperatures. Minimum and maximum temperatures for infection were around 5 and 35.5°C, respectively. Optimum temperatures for leaf and cane infection were between 16 and 20°C. In the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, the generalized Beta model was validated in ‘Catawba’ and ‘Seyval’ vineyards by inoculating vines during natural rain events. Average temperature and hours of wetness for each event and inoculation were recorded and used in the model equation to predict disease severity on leaves and internodes. Correlation coefficients between observed disease severities following field inoculations and predicted disease severities for both cultivars were between 0.71 and 0.81 and always significant (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the model reliably predicted leaf and cane infection on both cultivars over a wide range of wetness durations and temperatures. The model may be useful in developing disease-forecasting systems for Phomopsis cane and leaf spot on grapes.

scholarly journals Reliability and Accuracy of Visual Estimation of Phomopsis Leaf Blight of Strawberry

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nita ◽  
M. A. Ellis ◽  
L. V. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Direct Estimation ◽  
Assessment Time ◽  
The Relationship

Six different individuals (raters) assessed the severity of Phomopsis leaf blight on strawberry leaflets in five experimental repetitions over 2 years by making a direct visual estimation of the percentage of diseased area of each leaflet or by using the Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) disease scale. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and accuracy were determined, and then the relationship between visually estimated severity values and actual severity values was evaluated. Agreement in estimated disease severity values between assessment times by the same raters (i.e., intra-rater reliability), and agreement in disease severity values among raters at a single assessment time (i.e., inter-rater reliability), were both high, with most correlation coefficients being greater than 0.85. The intra-class correlation for overall agreement among raters ranged from 0.80 to 0.96 for the five repetitions. Based on the concordance coefficient calculated for each rater in each repetition, agreement between estimated and actual severity (i.e., accuracy) was somewhat lower than reliability. The relationship between estimated and actual severity was linear, and there was a slight trend to overestimate disease severity. The H-B scale was not more reliable or accurate than direct estimation of severity, and the linear relationship between estimated and actual severity did not support the principles underling the H-B scale. Both size of leaflets and number of lesions per leaflet slightly affected the error in estimate of disease severity.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALINITY AND WENNER RESISTIVITY FOR SOME DRYLAND SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
D. R. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wenner Array

Soil paste electrical conductivity (EC) (mmhos/cm) measurements were correlated with Wenner array conductivities at eight sites. Linear correlation coefficients varied from 0.61 to 0.98. The addition of the independent variables, sand, clay, and water content, improved the relationship on four sites. The largest standard deviation from the regression relationships did not exceed ± 2.9 mmhos/cm (average soil EC near 7.0 mmhos/cm). For most sites soil salinity could be estimated within ± 2.0 mmhos/cm and at certain sites within ± 1.0 mmhos/cm. Although the correlations were not as high as those obtained by others, it was felt the Wenner array technique was still a reasonable approach for assessing and mapping salinity under a wide range of field conditions.

EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INBRED AND SINGLE CROSS YIELD PERFORMANCE OF CORN

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
J. W. TANNER
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
The Relationship

Grain yields over a wide range of plant populations were determined for 13 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) in 1969 and 1970 and for 44 of the possible 78 single crosses in 1970. In addition, the grain yield of the single crosses between the 13 inbred lines was determined in 1969 and 1970 at 52,000 plants/ha. The correlation coefficients between actual single cross grain yields and computed midparent values varied according to population density, but no advantage was shown for growing inbreds at higher than conventional populations.

scholarly journals Financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Dyadik ◽  
◽  
A. N. Chapargina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Paired Correlation

The monograph is devoted to assessing the financial solvency of the regions of the Russian Arctic by means of correlation analysis aimed at studying the forms of communication between indicators that allow us to identify general and specific features of the financial development of regions. The work selected and analyzed statistical indicators that characterize directly or indirectly the financial solvency of the regions, calculated the correlations of these indicators, taking into account their dynamics over the past fifteen years. A matrix of correlation pairs was created, the most significant of them for assessing the financial solvency of the region were identified. Comparative analysis of paired correlation coefficients for the Arctic regions made it possible to assess the relationship between certain areas of their regional development. A comprehensive analysis of the financial solvency of the Arctic territories is presented, and based on the results obtained, trajectories of regional financial development are developed, considering background conditions. The results of the monograph are intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of regional finance and may be of interest to everyone who is interested in the problems of financial development, as well as to regional and federal authorities for forecasting and strategic planning of the development of the Arctic regions in conditions of limited financial resources.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of apple leaf spot

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIANO U. CRUSIUS ◽  
CARLOS A. FORCELINI ◽  
ROSA M.V. SANHUEZA ◽  
JOSÉ M.C. FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Apple leaf spot (ALS) caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a major disease of apple (Malus domestica) in Southern Brazil. The epidemiology of this disease was studied in experiments carried out in the counties of Passo Fundo and Vacaria, State of Rio Grande do Sul, from February 1998 to October 2000. The disease was found in all the six apple orchards sampled in the growing seasons of 1997/98 and 1998/99. The fungus isolates associated with ALS fit the characteristics of C. gloeosporioides (75%), C. acutatum (8%), and Colletotrichum sp. (17%). The pathogen overwintered in dormant buds and twigs but not in dropped leaves or fruit mummies. Two sprays of copper oxychloride (at 0.3%) reduced the fungus initial inoculum by 65-84.6% in buds and 85.6-93.7% in twigs, but had no effect on the early season progress of the disease. Disease severity increased proportionally to elevation of temperature from 14 to 26-28 °C. At 34 °C, however, infection was completely inhibited. The duration of leaf wetness required for infection ranged from two hours at 30 °C to 32 h at 16 °C. The relationship of temperature (T) and leaf wetness (W) to disease severity (Y) was represented by the model equation Y = 0.00145[((T-13)1.78)((34.01-T )1.09)] * 25/[1+14 exp(-0.137W)], R² = 0.73 and P < 0.0001. Currently, this information is being used to manage the disease and to validate a forecast system for ALS.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Determination of Risk Elements in Alluvial Agriculture Soils in the Mže and Otava River Basins by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Ladislav Menšík ◽  
Lukáš Hlisnikovský ◽  
Ladislav Holík ◽  
Pavel Nerušil ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe undesirable, hazardous, and risk elements are introduced into all environmental parts through human activities. They enter the soil and aquatic environment by atmospheric deposition, or by application of sewage sludge, pesticides, mineral and organic fertilisers, and by organic manures. Heavy metals (HMs) and risk elements can be determined in the soil by a wide range of analytical methods that differ in terms of time and financial costs, and the demands on service. One of the methods is the use of a portable XRF spectrometer under lab conditions, offering relatively fast determination of the concentration of chemical elements in the soil. In the presented study we evaluated the accuracy and the precision of the XRF device for analysis of the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in alluvial soils from the Mže and Otava river basins (Czech Republic), and validated and compared obtained results with the conventional lab method (ICP-OES). The soil samples (n = 502) were taken at 43 sampling sites at depths of 0 – 30, 30 – 60, and 60 – 90 cm, mainly in floodplains with Fluvisol soil type (N-year flow rates = Q100 m3/s). The multiple correlation coefficients R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. The R2 determination coefficients for individual HMs, measured by XRF, were determined as follows: Pb – 0.98, Zn – 0.97, Cu – 0.80, Mn – 0.79, As – 0.78, Ni – 0.66. According to our results, 66 – 98% points fit the designed models. The Pb and Zn have the best dependency (relationship tightness), and regression models are excellent. Cu, Mn, and As have a slightly worse dependency (tightness of the relationship), but the regression model is still very well suitable for agriculture practice, or for the purposes of environmental monitoring.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusty P. A ◽  
Jain Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

IMPROVEMENT OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT SELECTION METHODOLOGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
V. P. Kadushkina ◽  
S. А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

With the growing aridity of the climate on the Don, it became necessary to improve the methodology for conducting the  breeding of spring durum wheat. The main method of obtaining the source material remains intraspecific step hybridization. Crossings were performed between genetically distant forms, differing in origin and required traits and properties. The use of chemical mutagenesis was a productive way to change the heredity of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. When breeding for productivity, both in dry years of research and in favorable years, the most objective markers were identified — the size of the aerial mass, the mass of grain per plant, spike, and harvest index. The magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the yield per unit area and the elements of its structure is established. It was most closely associated with them in dry years, while in wet years it decreased. Power the correlation of the characteristics of the pair - the grain yield per square meter - the aboveground biomass averaged r = 0.73, and in dry years it was higher (0.91) than in favorable ones (0.61 - 0.70) , between the harvest and the harvest index - r = 0.81 (on average). In dry years, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.92. Research data confirms the greatest importance of the mass of grain from one ear and the plant in the formation of grain yield per unit area in both dry and wet years. In dry years, the correlation coefficient between yield and grain mass per plant was on average r = 0.80; in favorable years, r = 0.69. The relationship between yield and grain mass from the ear was greater — r = 0.84 and r = 0.82, respectively. Consequently, the breeding significance of the aboveground mass and the productivity of the ear, as a criterion for the selection of the crop, especially increases in the dry years. They were basic in the selection.

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