RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALINITY AND WENNER RESISTIVITY FOR SOME DRYLAND SOILS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. L. READ ◽  
D. R. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wenner Array

Soil paste electrical conductivity (EC) (mmhos/cm) measurements were correlated with Wenner array conductivities at eight sites. Linear correlation coefficients varied from 0.61 to 0.98. The addition of the independent variables, sand, clay, and water content, improved the relationship on four sites. The largest standard deviation from the regression relationships did not exceed ± 2.9 mmhos/cm (average soil EC near 7.0 mmhos/cm). For most sites soil salinity could be estimated within ± 2.0 mmhos/cm and at certain sites within ± 1.0 mmhos/cm. Although the correlations were not as high as those obtained by others, it was felt the Wenner array technique was still a reasonable approach for assessing and mapping salinity under a wide range of field conditions.

Reliability of the Minimum Masking Level as Outcome Variable in Tinnitus Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Hyung Jin Jun ◽  
Tang-Chuan Wang ◽  
Helena Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Purpose The minimum masking level (MML) is the minimum intensity of a stimulus required to just totally mask the tinnitus. Treatments aimed at reducing the tinnitus itself should attempt to measure the magnitude of the tinnitus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the MML. Method Sample consisted of 59 tinnitus patients who reported stable tinnitus. We obtained MML measures on two visits, separated by about 2–3 weeks. We used two noise types: speech-shaped noise and high-frequency emphasis noise. We also investigated the relationship between the MML and tinnitus loudness estimates and the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ). Results There were differences across the different noise types. The within-session standard deviation averaged across subjects varied between 1.3 and 1.8 dB. Across the two sessions, the Pearson correlation coefficients, range was r = .84. There was a weak relationship between the dB SL MML and loudness, and between the MML and the THQ. A moderate correlation ( r = .44) was found between the THQ and loudness estimates. Conclusions We conclude that the dB SL MML can be a reliable estimate of tinnitus magnitude, with expected standard deviations in trained subjects of about 1.5 dB. It appears that the dB SL MML and loudness estimates are not closely related.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3119
Author(s):  
Yinjiao Su ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yang Teng ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Mercury Distribution ◽  
Sequential Chemical Extraction ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Total Proportion ◽  
The Relationship

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.

scholarly journals Temperature and Wetness-Duration Requirements for Grape Leaf and Cane Infection by Phomopsis viticola

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Erincik ◽  
L. V. Madden ◽  
D. C. Ferree ◽  
M. A. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Grape Leaf ◽  
The Relationship

In 1998 and 1999, controlled-environment studies were conducted in growth chambers to determine the temperature and wetness-duration parameters required for leaf and cane infection of grape by Phomopsis viticola. Greenhouse-grown ‘Catawba’ (Vitis labrusca) and ‘Seyval’ (French hybrid) grapes were inoculated with P. viticola and incubated at constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C and at wetness durations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 h for each temperature. Data from each cultivar were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis to determine the relationship between disease severity and temperature and wetness duration. A generalized form of the Analytis Beta model was found to provide the best fit to the data. Disease severity on leaves and canes increased with increasing wetness duration at most temperatures. Minimum and maximum temperatures for infection were around 5 and 35.5°C, respectively. Optimum temperatures for leaf and cane infection were between 16 and 20°C. In the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, the generalized Beta model was validated in ‘Catawba’ and ‘Seyval’ vineyards by inoculating vines during natural rain events. Average temperature and hours of wetness for each event and inoculation were recorded and used in the model equation to predict disease severity on leaves and internodes. Correlation coefficients between observed disease severities following field inoculations and predicted disease severities for both cultivars were between 0.71 and 0.81 and always significant (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the model reliably predicted leaf and cane infection on both cultivars over a wide range of wetness durations and temperatures. The model may be useful in developing disease-forecasting systems for Phomopsis cane and leaf spot on grapes.

scholarly journals People’s perception and awareness on air pollution in rural and urban areas of Mymensingh Sadar upazila

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
R Sarker ◽  
M Yeasmin ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to investigate peoples’ perception level and awareness of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh sadar upazila. The relationship of independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size, residence and communication exposure) with the peoples’ perception level and awareness of air pollution (dependent variable) was done to understand the objectives of the study. Six Hundreds (600) respondents were selected randomly from six study sites under Mymensingh sadar upazila for collecting data during the period of Jan 2016-April, 2017. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that about half (46.67 percent) of the peoples had medium perception and awareness, 31.67 percent had low and 21.67 percent had high perception and awareness about air pollution. In rural areas, 43.33 percent respondents had low, 50.00 percent had medium and only 6.67 percent had high perception and awareness of air pollution. In urban areas, 20.00 percent respondents had low, 43.33 percent had medium and 36.67 percent had high perception and awareness of air pollution. Majority of the respondents (93.33 percent) were lacking of proper awareness of air pollution in rural areas while 63.33 percent in urban areas. Out of five independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification, residence and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative and significant relationship and family size had no relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution.Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 22-32, 2018

scholarly journals Chemometrics of Solvent Extraction of Mn(II) and Fe(III) Bis(salicylidene) Ethylenediamine Complexes in Acid Medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nworie Felix Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

In this study, the preparation and solvent extraction parameters of Mn(II) and Fe(III) -bis(salicylidene) ethylenediamine (H2SAL) was modeled with classical statistical analyses processed using SPSS19.0 software. The linear correlation coefficients for Mn(II) was between 59.5 to 1.0 % whereas for Fe(III), it was between 48-1.0%. The F-values, a measure of the significance of the models indicated that all the factors are needed though at differing degrees for the preparation and extraction of the metal complexes. The significance level for each model was lower than 5% and as such the relationship can be generalized to the whole process. The experiments indicated that the solvent extraction combined with modeling method was accurate, efficient, and reproducible and can be applied in industrial scale production. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-02-03 Full Text: PDF

COMPARISON OF 1:1 AND 1:2 SUSPENSIONS AND EXTRACTS WITH THE SATURATION EXTRACT IN ESTIMATING SALINITY IN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. HOGG ◽  
J. L. HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Correlated

Electrical conductivity of saturation extracts was related to that of 1:1 and 1:2 (soil:H2O) suspensions and extracts for a wide range of Saskatchewan soils. The conductivity of 1:1 extracts was 1.75 times greater than for 1:1 suspensions and the conductivity of 1:2 extracts was 1.38 times greater than that of 1:1 suspensions. The conductivity of the saturation extract was closely related to all of 1:1 extract or suspension; 1:2 extract or suspension (r = 0.96–0.98). The regression coefficient relating the conductivity of 1:1 and 1:2 extracts and suspensions to that of the saturated paste extract decreased in going from coarse to medium to fine soil textures. The concentrations of Na+, Ca2+ + Mg2+ and Cl− in 1:1 and 1:2 (soil:H2O) extracts were highly correlated with the amounts in the saturation extract (r = 0.93 to 0.99). Key words: Soil salinity, 1:1 and 1:2 suspension and extract, saturated paste

Impact of air pollution in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh: focusing peoples’ perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
MA Mondol ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
P Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh city. The relationship between independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size and communication exposure) with the basic idea and impact of air pollution (dependent variable) was investigated in this study. To conduct the study, two hundred (200) respondents were selected randomly from four study sites under Mymensingh city. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that 87.5% people have basic idea and 12.5% people have no idea about air pollution. About half (46%) of the peoples had high impact, 34% had medium and 20% had low impact because of air pollution. Out of four independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative but significant relationship and family size had non-significant relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution. Further assessment on different air pollutants in the study area may explore the original status of air pollution and their impact on environment as well as on livelihood. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 154-163, 2020

Correlation of Strength with Hardness and Electrical Conductivity for Aluminium Alloy 7010

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Salazar-Guapuriche ◽  
Y.Y. Zhao ◽  
Adam Pitman ◽  
Andrew Greene
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proof Strength ◽  
The Relationship

The tensile strength, proof strength, hardness and electrical conductivity of Al alloy 7010 under different temper and ageing conditions were investigated with the aim to correlate strength with hardness and electrical conductivity so that the strength of the alloy can be determined nondestructively. Following the solutionising treatment, continuous age hardening was performed on a series of test coupons, taken from a large plate, to produce a wide range of precipitation hardening conditions, which gave rise to progressive variations of strength, hardness and conductivity. The relationship between strength and hardness was found to be reasonably linear, whereas the relationship between hardness and strength with electrical conductivity was non-linear. The ageing conditions and therefore the mechanical properties of the components can be predicted more accurately by the simultaneous combination of hardness and conductivity values.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between the Electrical Conductivity of the Soil Saturated Paste Extract ECe with the Respective Values of the Mass Soil/Water Ratios 1:1 and 1:5 (EC1:1 and EC1:5)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kargas ◽  
Iakovos Chatzigiakoumis ◽  
Athanasios Kollias ◽  
Dimitrios Spiliotis ◽  
Petros Kerkides
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

The standard methodology for the soil salinity assessment is provided through the determination of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil saturated paste extract, ECe. This approach is cumbersome and tedious. Instead of this, it appears easier to measure the EC of various soil over water mass ratios, (soil:water), such as 1:1, 1:5. In the present study an attempt is made to compare the ECe methodology with the methods providing the EC1:1 and EC1:5. ECe, and EC1:1 or EC1:5 values were obtained from 198 soil samples from 5 different locations in Greece. It was shown that the methods providing EC1:1 and EC1:5 values are linearly correlated to the ECe methodology with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.93).

EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INBRED AND SINGLE CROSS YIELD PERFORMANCE OF CORN

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
J. W. TANNER
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
The Relationship

Grain yields over a wide range of plant populations were determined for 13 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) in 1969 and 1970 and for 44 of the possible 78 single crosses in 1970. In addition, the grain yield of the single crosses between the 13 inbred lines was determined in 1969 and 1970 at 52,000 plants/ha. The correlation coefficients between actual single cross grain yields and computed midparent values varied according to population density, but no advantage was shown for growing inbreds at higher than conventional populations.

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