scholarly journals Systematic study of genes influencing cellular chain length in Streptococcus sanguinis

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karra Evans ◽  
Victoria Stone ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Xiuchun Ge ◽  
Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Hypothetical Genes

Streptococcus sanguinis is a Gram-positive bacterium that is indigenous to the oral cavity. S. sanguinis, a primary colonizer of the oral cavity, serves as a tether for the attachment of other oral pathogens. The colonization of microbes on the tooth surface forms dental plaque, which can lead to the onset of periodontal disease. We examined a comprehensive mutant library to identify genes related to cellular chain length and morphology using phase-contrast microscopy. A number of hypothetical genes related to the cellular chain length were identified in this study. Genes related to the cellular chain length were analysed along with clusters of orthologous groups (COG) for gene functions. It was discovered that the highest proportion of COG functions related to cellular chain length was ‘cell division and chromosome separation’. However, different COG functions were also found to be related with altered cellular chain length. This suggested that different genes related with multiple mechanisms contribute to the cellular chain length in S. sanguinis SK36.

scholarly journals Murein Hydrolase LytF of Streptococcus sanguinis and the Ecological Consequences of Competence Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyssa Cullin ◽  
Sylvio Redanz ◽  
Kirsten J. Lampi ◽  
Justin Merritt ◽  
Jens Kreth
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Murein Hydrolase ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT The overall health of the oral cavity is dependent on proper homeostasis between health-associated bacterial colonizers and bacteria known to promote dental caries. Streptococcus sanguinis is a health-associated commensal organism, a known early colonizer of the acquired tooth pellicle, and is naturally competent. We have shown that LytF, a competence-controlled murein hydrolase, is capable of inducing the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA) from oral bacteria. Precipitated LytF and purified LytF were used as treatments against planktonic cultures and biofilms. Larger amounts of eDNA were released from cultures treated with protein samples containing LytF. Additionally, LytF could affect biofilm formation and cellular morphology. Biofilm formation was significantly decreased in the lytF-complemented strain, in which increased amounts of LytF are present. The same strain also exhibited cell morphology defects in both planktonic cultures and biofilms. Furthermore, the LytF cell morphology phenotype was reproducible in wild-type cells using purified LytF protein. In sum, our findings demonstrate that LytF can induce the release of eDNA from oral bacteria, and they suggest that, without proper regulation of LytF, cells display morphological abnormalities that contribute to biofilm malformation. In the context of the oral biofilm, LytF may play important roles as part of the competence and biofilm development programs, as well as increasing the availability of eDNA. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus sanguinis, a commensal organism in the oral cavity and one of the pioneer colonizers of the tooth surface, is associated with the overall health of the oral environment. Our laboratory showed previously that, under aerobic conditions, S. sanguinis can produce H2O2 to inhibit the growth of bacterial species that promote dental caries. This production of H2O2 by S. sanguinis also induces the release of eDNA, which is essential for proper biofilm formation. Under anaerobic conditions, S. sanguinis does not produce H2O2 but DNA is still released. Determining how S. sanguinis releases DNA is thus essential to understand biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Streptococcus sanguinis as an opportunistic bacteria in human oral cavity: Adherence, colonization, and invasion

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hening Tjaturina Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria

Streptococcus sanguinis (formerly S. sanguis) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe,  nonmotile , normal  inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and  a member of  the viridans group of streptococci. Among the streptococcus, S. sanguinis is a  primary colonizer in the human tooth surface or it is recognize as a ‘pioneer’ by forming dental plaque. The aim of this paper is to review the role of Streptococcus sanguinis  in the adherence to and  invasion of  human tissues.  S. sanguinis  has been reported  that it is associated  with healthy  tooth  surfaces  but not with caries. S. sanguinis  tend to involved in an interspecies interactions with Streptococcus mutans, which is known as  competition/coexistence within dental biofilm.  In their colonization, this bacteria used enzyme sortase A (SrtA) to cleave  LPXTG-containing proteins sequence and  anchored  the  cell wall, while virulence factors  in infective endocarditis  involved housekeeping functions such as cell wall synthesis, amino acid and nucleic acid synthesis, and the ability to survive under anaerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Acid Dentin Lysates Increase Amelotin Expression in Oral Epithelial Cells and Gingival Fibroblasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5394
Author(s):  
Jila Nasirzade ◽  
Zahra Kargarpour ◽  
Layla Panahipour ◽  
Reinhard Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Enamel Matrix Derivative ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Smad 3

Amelotin (AMTN) is a secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein controlling the adhesion of epithelial cells to the tooth surface, forming a protective seal against the oral cavity. It can be proposed that signals released upon dentinolysis increase AMTN expression in periodontal cells, thereby helping to preserve the protective seal. Support for this assumption comes from our RNA sequencing approach showing that gingival fibroblasts exposed to acid dentin lysates (ADL) greatly increased AMTN expression. In the present study, we confirm that acid dentin lysates significantly increase AMTN in gingival fibroblasts and extend this observation towards the epithelial cell lineage by use of the HSC2 oral squamous and TR146 buccal carcinoma cell lines. AMTN immunostaining revealed an intensive signal in the nucleus of HSC2 cells exposed to acid dentin lysates. Acid dentin lysates mediate their effect via the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β type 1 receptor kinase as the antagonist SB431542 abolished the expression of AMTN in the epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Similar to what is known for fibroblasts, acid dentin lysate increased Smad-3 phosphorylation in HSC2 cells. HSC2 cells also respond to the AMTN-stimulating activity of the dentin lysate when adsorbed to gelatin. When simulating regenerative approaches, enamel matrix derivative, TGF-β1, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 also caused a robust increase in SB431542-dependent AMTN expression in HSC2. Taken together, we show here that acid dentin lysate uses the TGF-β-depended signaling pathway to support the AMTN expression in epithelial cells, possibly helping in maintaining the protective seal against the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Isolation of Candida species in children and their biofilm-forming ability on nano-composite surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Harina Akila Che Hussin ◽  
Nadiah Arshad ◽  
Siti Nor Humaira Nor Azemi ◽  
Raja Izzatun Nisa Raja Sahrul Hishan ◽  
Wan Nur Fatihah Wan Mohd Kamaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

Candida species including Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata are opportunistic microorganisms that inhabit oral cavity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of dental caries on Candida spp. biofilm-forming ability on nano- composite with the hypothesis that dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. To assess Candida spp. colonisation in the oral cavity of the paediatric patient, samples were obtained from 30 subjects aged five to six years old from Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. The samples were collected from buccal mucosa, palate and tooth surfaces using sterile swabs. 10 mL of patient’s saliva suspension was also collected. Following that, the samples were inoculated on CHROMagar and incubated for 24 h at 37 ºC. Candida biofilm of caries isolate C. albicans (HNFC2), and C. albicans ATCC 32354 were developed on three different types of nano-composites. The study showed that no C. albicans was isolated from the caries-free oral cavity while 76% of children with caries possessed Candida spp. 65% of the yeasts were isolated from the tooth surface. Only 35% of the total isolates were obtained from soft tissues, including palatal and buccal mucosa. C. albicans is the most isolated Candida spp. with 82% and 67% of the yeast were obtained from the tooth surface and buccal mucosa, respectively. Besides, HNFC2 significantly colonised the nano- composites more than the ATCC (P < 0.05). In the comparison of the three types of nano- composites, nano-hybrid-based containing pre-polymerised filler (cB) exhibited the least C. albicans HNFC2 cells colonisation with 7.7 x 10³ cells mL-1. In contrast, the nano-composite that contained bulk-filled nanohybrid (cC) was the most colonised with 14.3 x 10³ cells mL-1. In conclusion, dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. in children's oral cavity, and that caries isolate form more biofilm on nano-composites compared to the lab strain C. albicans.

scholarly journals ORAL HYGIENE BURUK PASIEN RAWAT INAP TIDAK BERKAITAN DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN ORAL CANDIDIASIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Addina Aimana Sabila ◽  
Ade Ismail A.K ◽  
Rochman Mujayanto
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Nosocomial infections can develop in the oral cavity due to poor oral hygiene. Oral Candidiasis is one of the most frequent nosocomial infection in oral cavity. The objective of this study is to describe the oral hygiene and oral candidiasis in hospitalized patients. Method: This analitical observational study used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were 74 adult patients aged 20-65 who are hospitalized at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. Oral hygiene assessed from the presence of debris and calculus on the tooth surface using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHIS) that were grouped in three categories (good, moderate, bad). Oral candidiasis diagnosed through clinical examination and swab procedure of suspicious lesions, and identified the presence of its spores and hyphae under a microscope observation. Kendal Tau test is used to analyze the correlation between oral hygiene with oral candidiasis. Results: Results showed patients with oral candidiasis in the poor and moderate oral hygiene were 29.7% and 1.4%, whereas patients without oral candidiasis in the poor and moderate oral hygiene were 60.8% and 8.1%. Kendall Tau correlation test results p value of 0.235 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Conclusion of this study showed there is no association between oral hygiene with oral candidiasis.

scholarly journals Streptococcus gordonii Hsa Environmentally Constrains Competitive Binding by Streptococcus sanguinis to Saliva-Coated Hydroxyapatite

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (8) ◽  
pp. 3106-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela H. Nobbs ◽  
Yongshu Zhang ◽  
Ali Khammanivong ◽  
Mark C. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Gordonii ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Competitive Capabilities ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Isogenic Mutants

ABSTRACT Competition between pioneer colonizing bacteria may determine polymicrobial succession during dental plaque development, but the ecological constraints are poorly understood. For example, more Streptococcus sanguinis than Streptococcus gordonii organisms are consistently isolated from the same intraoral sites, yet S. gordonii fails to be excluded and survives as a species over time. To explain this observation, we hypothesized that S. gordonii could compete with S. sanguinis to adhere to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA), an in vitro model of the tooth surface. Both species bound similarly to sHA, yet 10- to 50-fold excess S. gordonii DL1 reduced binding of S. sanguinis SK36 by 85 to >95%. S. sanguinis, by contrast, did not significantly compete with S. gordonii to adhere. S. gordonii competed with S. sanguinis more effectively than other species of oral streptococci and depended upon the salivary film on HA. Next, putative S. gordonii adhesins were analyzed for contributions to interspecies competitive binding. Like wild-type S. gordonii, isogenic mutants with mutations in antigen I/II polypeptides (sspAB), amylase-binding proteins (abpAB), and Csh adhesins (cshAB) competed effectively against S. sanguinis. By contrast, an hsa-deficient mutant of S. gordonii showed significantly reduced binding and competitive capabilities, while these properties were restored in an hsa-complemented strain. Thus, Hsa confers a selective advantage to S. gordonii over S. sanguinis in competitive binding to sHA. Hsa expression may, therefore, serve as an environmental constraint against S. sanguinis, enabling S. gordonii to persist within the oral cavity, despite the greater natural prevalence of S. sanguinis in plaque and saliva.

scholarly journals Cloning, Expression, Purification, and Preliminary Characterization of Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction of Glucosyltransferase B of Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984933
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Mieher ◽  
Norbert Schormann ◽  
Manisha Patel ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
Champion Deivanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Persistent Disease ◽  
X Ray

Dental caries characterized by acid damage of tooth enamel is a persistent disease that begins with the formation of biofilms on the tooth surface. The secreted glucosyltransferases enable Streptococcus mutans to synthesize extracellular glucan polymers using ingested starch within the oral cavity, which eventually results in the production of acid, a contributing factor to cariogenesis. In this paper, we report the cloning, expression, purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction characterization of glucosyltransferase B.

Who will win the race in childrens' oral cavities? Streptococcus mutans or beneficial lactic acid bacteria?

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
ö.E. Güngör ◽  
Z. Kırzıoğlu ◽  
E. Dinçer ◽  
M. Kıvanç
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Meat Samples

Adhesion to oral soft and hard tissue is crucial for bacterial colonisation in the mouth. The aim of this work was to select strains of oral lactic acid bacteria that could be used as probiotics for oral health. To this end, the adhesive properties of some lactic acid bacteria were investigated. Seventeen lactic acid bacteria including two Streptococcus mutans strains were isolated from the oral cavity of healthy children, while other strains were isolated from fermented meat products. The bacterial strains were applied to teeth surfaces covered with saliva or without saliva. A significant diversity in adhesion capacity to teeth surfaces among the lactic acid bacteria was observed. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from the oral cavity adhered the best to teeth surfaces covered with saliva, whereas lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented meat samples adhered the best to tooth surface without saliva. All strains of lactic acid bacteria were able to reduce the number of S. mutans cells, in particular on saliva-coated tooth surface. Therefore, they might have potential as probiotics for the oral cavity.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dita Puspita Sari ◽  
Didit Aspriyanto ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Toothpaste with Nanocalcium and Nanochitosan on Oral Cavity Microorganism (in vivo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Octarina Octarina ◽  
Stieven Rey ◽  
Komariah Komariah
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Before And After

Mangrove crab shell and horn beetle can be modified into nanocalcium and nanochitosan. Nanocalcium has an effect to remineralize the tooth surface, while the nanochitosan act as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of microorganism after brushing with toothpaste which containing nanocalsium and nanochitosan. In this study, toothpaste was made with nanocalsium and nanochitosan with three formulations i.e. 25% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan, 55% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan, and 75% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan. The sample of toothpaste is tested on 25 primary school children (8-9 years old) and divided into five treatments: 25% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan (K1), 55% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan (K2), and 75% nanocalsium + 3gr nanochitosan (K3), commercial toothpaste (K4), and without toothpaste (K5). The result of gargling was taken before and after tooth brushing. This study used TPC test with diffusion method that embedded in sodium agar which counting the decrease of oral microorganism. The data is processed using repeated ANOVA. The result of counting microorganism for five treatments before tooth brushing respectively were K1 = 1610.4±1380.59, K2 = 979±675.46, K3 = 1275.8±809.99, K4 = 550±840.37, K5 = 1086.8±840.37 and after the treatments were K1 = 142±191.36, K2 = 102.8±118.55, K3 = 161.4±122.26, K4 = 197±210.64, K5 = 88.8±20.66 (p< 0.05). The conclusion, there is a decrease of microorganism in the oral cavity after tooth brushing. The toothpaste that containing nanocalcium and nanochitosan shows more effectively to inhibit microorganism in oral cavity than commercial toothpaste.

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