scholarly journals Nano short peptide nutrition intervention on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Lin Z Zhang ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Tianping Z Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Peptide Group ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Short Peptide ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Protein Group

Summary： Background：The continuous outbreak of COVID-19 poses a devastating threat to the global public health, and there's no special therapeutic drugs.This paper is to explore the effect of high fiber whey short peptide enteral nutrition on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19, to find ways to prevent patients from progressing to severe illness, and to reduce the harm of epidemic situation to human beings. Methods: The course of fighting against COVID-19 in our hospital for 49 days was reviewed. Three nutritional interventions including five-step nutrition treatment, early intervention of whole protein, and high fiber whey short peptide intervention were conducted consecutively.The effect of high fiber whey short peptide on nutrition, immune function and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 was compared with that of whole protein intervention. Results: High fiber whey short peptide group when compared with whey protein group, can significantly improve prealbumin in patients with covid-19, improve the negative nitrogen balance of patients, and reduce the average period of turning negative by 39.06%. Conclusion: High fiber whey short peptide can significantly improve the recovery speed of patients with covid-19.

scholarly journals Nutritional interventions in sarcopenia: a critical review

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hickson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Nutritional Studies

The aim of the present paper is to critically review the details of the published nutrition intervention trials, with and without exercise, targeting sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass, strength and/or performance with age. Since amino acids and energy are required for muscle synthesis it is possible that nutritional intake influences sarcopenia. Nutritional studies are challenging to carry out because of the complexity of modulating dietary intake. It is very difficult to change one nutrient without influencing many others, which means that many of the published studies are problematic to interpret. The studies included evaluate whole protein, essential amino acids and β-hydroxyl β-methylbutyrate (HMB). Whole-protein supplementation failed to show a consistent effect on muscle mass, strength or function. This can be explained by the variations in study design, composition of the protein supplement and the failure to monitor voluntary food intake, adherence and baseline nutritional status. Essential amino-acid supplements showed an inconsistent effect but there are only two trials that have significant differences in methodology and the supplement used. The HMB studies are suggestive of a beneficial effect on older adults, but larger well-controlled studies are required that measure outcomes relevant to sarcopenia, ideally in sarcopenic populations. The issues of timing and distribution of protein intake, and increased splanchnic amino-acid sequestration are discussed, and recommendations for future trials are made.

Factors associated with diarrhoea in young children and incidence of symptomatic rotavirus infection in rural West Bengal, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 1848-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PANDA ◽  
A. K. DEB ◽  
M. CHAWLA-SARKAR ◽  
T. RAMAMURTHY ◽  
S. GANGULY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Behavioural Factors

SUMMARYSocio-behavioural factors and pathogens associated with childhood diarrhoea are of global public health concern. Our survey in 696 children aged ⩽2 years in rural West Bengal detected rotavirus as sole pathogen in 8% (17/199) of diarrhoeic stool specimens. Other organisms were detected along with rotavirus in 11% of faecal specimens. A third of the children with rotavirus diarrhoea, according to Vesikari score, had severe illness. The top four rotavirus genotypes were G9P[4] (28%), G1P[8] (19%), G2P[4] (14%) and G8P[4] (8%). In the multivariate model, the practice of ‘drawing drinking water by dipping a pot in the storage vessel’ [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2·21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·03–4·74,P = 0·041], and ‘children aged ⩽6 months with non-exclusive breastfeeding’ (aOR 2·07, 95% CI 1·1–3·82,P = 0·024) had twice the odds of having diarrhoea. Incidence of rotavirus diarrhoea was 24/100 child-years in children aged >6–18 months, 19/100 child-years in children aged >18–24 months and 5/100 child-years in those aged ⩽6 months. Results have translational implications for future interventions including vaccine development.

scholarly journals Impacts of diets fed after weaning on gut microbiota and susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis in mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Meng ◽  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
Shuijiao Chen ◽  
Fujun Li ◽  
Yani Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Protein Fiber ◽  
Protein Group

AbstractBackgroundLiving in a sanitary environment and taking Western-style diet in early life are both risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease and important factors for shaping host gut microbiota. Here, we aimed to establish whether different dietary composition fed during the early period after weaning would associate the susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis with different gut microbiota shifts.MethodsEighty weaned Balb/c mice were fed with high sugar, fat, protein, fiber, and standard diet for 8weeks respectively. Inflammation was induced by administration of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, and the microbiota characterized by 16s rRNA based pyrosequencing. Analyzed the inflammatory factors and toll-like receptors by Real-time PCRResultsThe high protein and high fiber+protein group exacerbated severity of DSS-induced colitis, the high fiber and high protein+fiber groups had the effect of reducing colitis, and the high sugar, fat and standard group show the similar disease phenotype of colitis. The diversity and richness of the microflora were significantly decreased in the high fiber group, while only decreased richness of flora was observed in the high protein group. The abundance of Firmicutes was decreased and the abundance of Bacteroides was increased in the high fat, high sugar, high protein and high fiber groups, especially in the high protein and high fiber group. The microbial community structure was slightly different at the species/genus level. The microbial community structure of high protein-fiber group and high fiber-protein group was still similar.ConclusionsMice were fed with different dietary compositions of high sugar, fat, protein and fiber diets since weaning, and similar gut microbiota of high-abundance Bacteroides and low-abundance Firmicutes are formed in adult mice. These microbiota do not cause colonic mucosal damage directly. Only high protein diet aggravated DSS-induced colitis, while high fiber diet alleviated the colitis.

scholarly journals DIETARY FIBER IMPORTANCE IN FOOD AND IMPACT ON HEALTH

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4RAST) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Divyashree K ◽  
Amar Sankar ◽  
R.C. Chandni ◽  
A. V. Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Carbohydrate Component ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Positive Effect

Dietary fibre is a non-digestable part of plant material in the diet which is resistant to enzymatic digestion in humans which includes cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate component lignin. The diet rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption has been related to decreased incidence of several diseases. Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, intestinal cancer, constipation, and other disorders that have serious adverse effects on the health of human beings and also higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weights. So improvement of diet with high fiber will help in maintaining good health when consumed in the required amount.

scholarly journals 485. Pediatrics Institutional COVID-19 Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S344-S344
Author(s):  
Prakash Karna ◽  
Lauren Farrand ◽  
Uzma Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-COV2 represents global public health concern, with varied severity of illness in different ages and racial groups. This study aims to describe clinical presentation and outcomes in children aged 0-21 years in a community hospital setting in New Jersey. Methods This is a retrospective medical record review of pediatric patients (0-21 years) admitted to Saint Barnabas Medical Center between March 2020- December 2020 with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is based on ICD-10 diagnosis code. Data was extracted from electronic medical records, including demographics, pre-existing conditions, presenting symptoms, treatments used and outcomes. Results We identified 48 cases of pediatric COVID-19 patients at Saint Barnabas Medical Center during period of 03/20-12/20. Review of demographic data showed 29 patients (60%) were female, and 19 (40%) were male. Race distribution was 38% black, 17% white, 4 % Asian Indian, and 41% others/unknown. Age distribution was as follows: 40% >15 yrs, 15% 11-15 yrs, 15% 0-1 yrs, 13% 6-10 yrs, 13% 1-5 yrs, and 6% newborn. Fever (65%) was the most frequent symptom identified, followed by cough (31%), nausea/vomiting (29%), abdominal pain (19%), shortness of breath (17%), rash (15%), diarrhea (10%), headache (10%), myalgia/body-aches (8%), chest pain (6%), red eyes (6%), and loss of taste/smell (2%). Of 48 patients, 10 (21%) had positive chest X-ray findings of lung infiltrates or opacities, 4 (8%) had abnormal echocardiogram findings, and 1 (2%) had abnormal CT chest. 21 of 48 patients had underlying comorbid conditions, with Diabetes and Asthma being the most common. No deaths were reported. 8 of 48 COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with MIS-C. Of these MIS-C patients, 5 (63%) were male and 3 (38%) were female. 6 of 8 affected patients were black (75%). 50% of MIS-C patients were between 6-10 years. 3 of 8 patients (38%) had abnormal echocardiogram findings. Conclusion This review supports clinical findings from other studies and also suggests certain racial ethnicities may be disproportionately impacted, which warrants further exploration to determine genetics vs environmental factors that lead to increased predisposition to severe illness. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Hyperglycemia and Correlated High Levels of Inflammation Have a Positive Relationship with the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Chuanwei Li ◽  
Yu Xu ◽  
Binfeng He ◽  
Mingdong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
7Th Edition ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Objective. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a considerable global public health threat. This study sought to investigate whether blood glucose (BG) levels or comorbid diabetes are associated with inflammatory status and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, the clinical and biochemical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with or without diabetes were compared. The relationship among severity of COVID-19, inflammatory status, and diabetes or hyperglycemia was analyzed. The severity of COVID-19 in all patients was determined according to the diagnostic and treatment guidelines issued by the Chinese National Health Committee (7th edition). Results. Four hundred and sixty-one patients were enrolled in our study, and 71.58% of patients with diabetes and 13.03% of patients without diabetes had hyperglycemia. Compared with patients without diabetes ( n = 366 ), patients with diabetes ( n = 95 ) had a higher leucocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). There was no association between severity of COVID-19 and known diabetes adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), known hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The leucocyte count, NLR, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level increased with increasing BG level. Hyperglycemia was an independent predictor of critical (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.72-9.30) or severe (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.47-8.58) COVID-19, and of increased inflammatory levels (high leucocyte count (OR 4.26, 95% CI 1.65-10.97), NLR (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.24-6.10), and CRP level (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.19-5.23)), after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, severity of illness, and known diabetes. Conclusion. Hyperglycemia was positively correlated with higher inflammation levels and more severe illness, and it is a risk factor for the increased severity of COVID-19. The initial measurement of plasma glucose levels after hospitalization may help identify a subset of patients who are predisposed to a worse clinical course.

scholarly journals Supervised Machine Learning for Risk Stratification of Influenza-Like Illness: A Model to Prioritize Emerging Infectious Disease Disaster Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Yi Robert Chiu ◽  
Chun-Kai Hwang ◽  
Shey-Ying Chen ◽  
Fuh-Yuan Shih ◽  
Hsieh-Cheng Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

Abstract Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), including the latest COVID-19 pandemic, have emerged and raised global public health crises in recent decades. Without existing protective immunity, an EID may spread rapidly and cause mass casualties in a very short time. Therefore, it is imperative to identify cases with risk of disease progression for the best allocation of medical resources in case medical facilities are overwhelmed with a flood of patients. This study aimed to exploit machine learning technologies to cope with this challenge. The study was based on 83,227 hospital admissions with influenza-like illness and we analysed the risk effects of 19 comorbidities along with age and gender for severe illness or mortality risk. The experimental results revealed that the conventional decision tree (DT) models built with only 6 features, including age, gender, and four comorbidities, delivered the same level of prediction accuracy as the state-of-the-art deep neural network models built with 18 features. Accordingly, we further studied how to exploit the DT models with different sensitivity levels to determine patient triage and optimize medical resource allocation in different stages of an EID disaster to aid the frontline clinicians and policy-makers. In conclusion, our study demonstrated an approach to exploit machine learning technologies to cope with the challenges during the outbreak of an EID.

scholarly journals Part III. Can we turn back the clock or modify the adverse dynamics? Programme and policy issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1a) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puska Pekka ◽  
Pietinen Pirjo ◽  
Uusitalo Ulla
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Health Transition ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Community Organisation ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Working Age

AbstractA global health transition is currently underway. The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly in the developing world, very much as a result of changes in lifestyles. In addition to changes in tobacco use and physical activity, major changes are taking place in diets, contributing greatly to the growing epidemic of NCD. Thus, a huge global public health challenge is how to influence the trends in diet and nutrition for effective global NCD prevention.The health transition took place rapidly in Finland after World War II and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) was exceptionally high. The North Karelia Project was launched in 1972 as a community-based, and later as a national, programme to influence diet and other lifestyles that are crucial in the prevention of CVD. The intervention had a strong theory base and it employed comprehensive strategies. Broad community organisation and the strong participation of people were the key elements. Evaluation has shown how the diet (particularly fat consumption) has changed and how these changes have led to a major reduction in population serum cholesterol and blood pressure levels. It has also shown how ischaemic heart disease mortality in a working-age population has declined by 73% in North Karelia and by 65% in the whole country from 1971 to 1995.Although Finland is an industrialised country, North Karelia was rural, of rather low socio-economic level and with many social problems in the 1970s and 1980s. The project was based on low-cost intervention activities, where people's participation and community organisations played a key role. Comprehensive interventions in the community were eventually supported by national activities – from expert guidelines and media activities to industry collaboration and policy. Similar principles for nutrition intervention programmes could be used in developing countries, obviously tailored to the local conditions. This paper discusses the experiences of the North Karelia Project in the light of needs from the less-industrialised countries and makes some general recommendations.

scholarly journals Care home resident and staff perceptions of the acceptability of nutrition intervention trial procedures: a qualitative study embedded within a cluster randomised feasibility trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e022307
Author(s):  
Ruth Elizabeth Stow ◽  
Christina H Smith ◽  
Alison B Rushton
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Care Home Resident

ObjectivesTo examine care home resident and staff perceptions of the acceptability of participating in a feasibility trial evaluating nutritional interventions in the treatment of malnutrition.DesignExploratory qualitative methodology was used to gather descriptions of resident and staff perceptions of trial procedures, using semi-structured interviews with residents and focus groups with staff. The interviews were used to explore individual perceptions of the acceptability of the assigned intervention and the outcomes measured. Focus groups were used to explore staff experiences of trial participation and perspectives of nutritional support interventions.SettingThe study was embedded within a cluster randomised feasibility trial, which randomised six care homes to provide standard care (SC), food-based (FB) intervention or oral nutritional supplement (ONS) intervention to residents with, or at risk of, malnutrition.ParticipantsResidents in the trial with capacity to consent (n=7) formed the sampling frame for inclusion. Four agreed to be approached by the researcher and to take part in the individual interviews. All were women, representing two arms of the trial (ONS and SC). Twelve staff participated in six focus groups, one at each care home. All participants were women, representing all three arms of the trial.ResultsMajor themes that emerged from both interviews and focus groups included the perceived acceptability of trial involvement, the value of residents completing participant-reported outcome measures and the challenges associated with outcomes measurement in this setting. Themes that emerged from the focus groups alone, included the importance of individualising an intervention, and the perceived value of FB and ONS interventions and dietetic input.ConclusionsResidents and staff perceived involvement in a trial evaluating nutritional interventions to be acceptable, although the challenges associated with research in this setting were acknowledged. Resident preferences were highlighted by staff as an important consideration when implementing a nutrition support plan.Trial registration numberISRCTN38047922

scholarly journals Ethics in Medicines: Exposing Unethical Practices and Corruption in All Sectors of Medicines Is Essential for Improving Global Public Health and Saving Patients’ Lives

Medicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
George J. Kontoghiorghes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
Made In

While great strides have been made in science and medicine ensuring better living standards and health care for most human beings, many issues still remain, which are responsible for an increase in mortality and morbidity rates of millions of people worldwide, despite that in most cases the causes are preventable [...]

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