Seasonality of non-SARS, non-MERS Corona viruses and the impact of meteorological factors

Background: Seasonality is a characteristic of some respiratory viruses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seasonality and the potential effects of different meteorological factors on the detection rate of the non-SARS Corona Virus detection by PCR. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 12763 respiratory tract sample results (288 positive and 12475 negative) for non-SARS, non-MERS Corona viruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1). The effect of seven single weather factors on the Corona virus detection rate was fitted in a logistic regression model with and without adjusting for other weather factors. Results: Corona virus infections followed a seasonal pattern peaking from December to March and plunging from July to September. The seasonal effect was less pronounced in immunosuppressed patients compared to immunocompetent. Different automatic variable selection processes agreed to select the predictors temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover and precipitation as remaining predictors in the multivariable logistic regression model including all weather factors, with low ambient temperature, low relative humidity, high cloud cover and high precipitation being linked to increased Corona virus detection rates. Conclusions: Corona virus infections followed a seasonal pattern, which was more pronounced in immunocompetent patients compared to immunosuppressed. Several meteorological factors were associated with the Corona virus detection rate. However, when mutually adjusting for all weather factors, only temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover contributed independently to predicting the Corona virus detection rate.

Download Full-text

Seasonality of Non-SARS, Non-MERS Coronaviruses and the Impact of Meteorological Factors

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 187

Author(s):

Olympia E. Anastasiou ◽

Anika Hüsing ◽

Johannes Korth ◽

Fotis Theodoropoulos ◽

Christian Taube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients ◽

Immunocompetent Patients

Background: Seasonality is a characteristic of some respiratory viruses. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seasonality and the potential effects of different meteorological factors on the detection rate of the non-SARS coronavirus detection by PCR. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 12,763 respiratory tract sample results (288 positive and 12,475 negative) for non-SARS, non-MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1). The effect of seven single weather factors on the coronavirus detection rate was fitted in a logistic regression model with and without adjusting for other weather factors. Results: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern peaking from December to March and plunged from July to September. The seasonal effect was less pronounced in immunosuppressed patients compared to immunocompetent patients. Different automatic variable selection processes agreed on selecting the predictors temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover and precipitation as remaining predictors in the multivariable logistic regression model, including all weather factors, with low ambient temperature, low relative humidity, high cloud cover and high precipitation being linked to increased coronavirus detection rates. Conclusions: Coronavirus infections followed a seasonal pattern, which was more pronounced in immunocompetent patients compared to immunosuppressed patients. Several meteorological factors were associated with the coronavirus detection rate. However, when mutually adjusting for all weather factors, only temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and cloud cover contributed independently to predicting the coronavirus detection rate.

Download Full-text

A Precursor on Pandemic Corona Virus: An Infectious Disease

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajas.v8i3.6156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Narmathadevi V ◽

Ramya K ◽

Kishore Balasubramanian ◽

Das J

Keyword(s):

Rna Virus ◽

Human Beings ◽

Virus Infections ◽

Key Factors ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Children And Young Adults ◽

Local Risk ◽

Corona Viruses

This paper is a study on Corona virus and its effects on human beings in particular and how it has become a global pandemic. The reason for the world’s pandemic, Corona virus is an RNA virus found extensively in mammals including humans. It is found that the most human corona virus infections cause from mild symptoms to severe respiratory problems and lead to death. In the recent past the world has faced two great epidemics caused by two different beta-corona viruses and they were named as SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) and (MERS-CoV Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Despite these viruses had high infectivity, had less mortality rate. As it is known, these types of viruses, in general, cause a mild illness and considerably affect children and young adults. As the whole world is facing a pandemic situation today, carrying out research on finding vaccine to kill the virus is a need of the time. It is obvious that to understand the fighting measurements, in other words readiness of the nation in handling the situation, the local risk assessments are considered to be one of the key factors in comprehending COVID-19. It is pathetic to know that this virus spreads rapidly everywhere and considering this fast outbreak, the global wide readiness, building capacity and mutual collaborations among countries are the most important needs in order to control the outbreak.

Download Full-text

Detection of three pandemic causing coronaviruses from non-respiratory samples: systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95329-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chandan Mishra ◽

Suneeta Meena ◽

Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽

Suman Tiwari ◽

Purva Mathur

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Total Sample ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Positive Rate

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has posed an unprecedented challenge to the world. Pandemics have been caused previously by viruses of this family like Middle East Respiratory Corona Virus (MERS CoV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS CoV). Although these viruses are primarily respiratory viruses, but they have been isolated from non-respiratory samples as well. Presently, the detection rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA from different clinical specimens using Real Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerized Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) after onset of symptoms is not yet well established. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to establish the profile of detecting SARS‐CoV‐2, MERS CoV, SARS CoV from different types of clinical specimens other than the respiratory using a standard diagnostic test (qRT‐PCR). A total of 3429 non-respiratory specimens were recorded: SARS CoV (total sample—802), MERS CoV (total sample—155), SARS CoV-2 (total sample—2347). Out of all the samples studied high positive rate was seen for saliva with 96.7% (14/14; 95% CI 87.6–100.0%) for SARS CoV and 57.5% (58/250; 95% CI − 1.2 to 116.2%) for SARS CoV-2, while low detection rate in urine samples for SARS CoV-2 with 2.2% (8/318; 95% CI 0.6–3.7%) and 9.6% (12/61; 95% CI − 0.9 to 20.1%) for SARS CoV but there was relatively higher positivity in urine samples for MERS CoV with detection rate of 32.4% (2/38; 95% CI − 37.3 to 102.1%). In Stool sample positivity was 54.9% (396/779; 95% CI 41.0–68.8%), 45.2% (180/430; 95% CI 28.1–62.3%) and 34.7% (4/38; 95% CI − 29.5 to 98.9%) for SARS CoV-2, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV, respectively. In blood sample the positivity was 33.3% (7/21; 95% CI 13.2–53.5%), 23.7% (42/277; 95% CI 10.5–36.9%) and 2.5% (2/81; 95% CI 0.00–5.8%) for MERS CoV, SARS CoV-2 and SARS CoV respectively. SARS‐CoV‐2 along with previous two pandemic causing viruses from this family, were highly detected stool and saliva. A low positive rate was recorded in blood samples. Viruses were also detected in fluids along with unusual samples like semen and vaginal secretions thus highlighting unique pathogenic potential of SARS‐CoV‐2.

Download Full-text

Relative Humidity Affects Acute Otitis Media Visits of Preschool Children to the Emergency Department

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/01455613211009151 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014556132110091

Author(s):

Ying-Fang Jiang ◽

Wen-Wei Luo ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Dong-Dong Ren ◽

Yi-Bo Huang

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Preschool Age ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: The associations between climate variables and diseases such as respiratory infections, influenza, pediatric seizure, and gastroenteritis have been long appreciated. Infection is the main reason for acute otitis media (AOM) incidence. However, few previous studies explored the correlation between climatic parameters and AOM infections. The most important meteorological factors, temperature, relative humidity, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), were included in this study. We studied the relationship between these meteorological factors and the AOM visits. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A linear correlation and a linear regression model were used to explore the AOM visits and meteorological factors. Results: A total of 7075 emergency department visits for AOM were identified. Relative humidity was found an independent risk factor for the AOM visits in preschool children (regression coefficient = −10.841<0, P = .039 < .05), but not in infants and school-age children. Average temperature and PM2.5 were not correlated with AOM visits. Conclusion: Humidity may have a significant inverse impact on the incidence of AOM in preschool-age children.

Download Full-text

Detection of Adenoviruses and Rotaviruses in Drinking Water Sources Used In Rural Areas of Benin, West Africa

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01807-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 2798-2801 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Jens Verheyen ◽

Monika Timmen-Wego ◽

Rainer Laudien ◽

Ibrahim Boussaad ◽

Sibel Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Test Site ◽

Water Sources ◽

Major Health ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Surface Water Samples

ABSTRACT Diseases associated with viruses also found in environmental samples cause major health problems in developing countries. Little is known about the frequency and pattern of viral contamination of drinking water sources in these resource-poor settings. We established a method to analyze 10 liters of water from drinking water sources in a rural area of Benin for the presence of adenoviruses and rotaviruses. Overall, 541 samples from 287 drinking water sources were tested. A total of 12.9% of the sources were positive for adenoviruses and 2.1% of the sources were positive for rotaviruses at least once. Due to the temporary nature of viral contamination in drinking water sources, the probability of virus detection increased with the number of samples taken at one test site over time. No seasonal pattern for viral contaminations was found after samples obtained during the dry and wet seasons were compared. Overall, 3 of 15 surface water samples (20%) and 35 of 247 wells (14.2%) but also 2 of 25 pumps (8%) tested positive for adenoviruses or rotaviruses. The presence of latrines within a radius of 50 m in the vicinity of pumps or wells was identified as being a risk factor for virus detection. In summary, viral contamination was correlated with the presence of latrines in the vicinity of drinking water sources, indicating the importance of appropriate decision support systems in these socioeconomic prospering regions.

Download Full-text

PCR Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Adults

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00716-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nicklas Sundell ◽

Lars-Magnus Andersson ◽

Robin Brittain-Long ◽

Pär-Daniel Sundvall ◽

Åsa Alsiö ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection Rate ◽

Virus Detection ◽

Symptomatic Patient ◽

Reference Population ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Upper Airways ◽

Content Type ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects ◽

Hospital Emergency Departments

ABSTRACTThe frequency of viral respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic subjects is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of respiratory pathogens in the upper airways of asymptomatic adults, compared with a reference population of symptomatic patients sampled in the same centers during the same period. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were prospectively collected from adults with and without ongoing symptoms of respiratory tract infection (RTI) during 12 consecutive months, in primary care centers and hospital emergency departments, and analyzed for respiratory pathogens by a PCR panel detecting 16 viruses and four bacteria. Altogether, 444 asymptomatic and 75 symptomatic subjects completed sampling and follow-up (FU) at day 7. In the asymptomatic subjects, the detection rate of viruses was low (4.3%), and the most common virus detected was rhinovirus (3.2%).Streptococcus pneumoniaewas found in 5.6% of the asymptomatic subjects andHaemophilus influenzaein 1.4%. The only factor independently associated with low viral detection rate in asymptomatic subjects was age ≥65 years (P = 0.04). An increased detection rate of bacteria was seen in asymptomatic subjects who were currently smoking (P < 0.01) and who had any chronic condition (P < 0.01). We conclude that detection of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic adults is uncommon, suggesting that a positive PCR result from a symptomatic patient likely is relevant for ongoing respiratory symptoms. Age influences the likelihood of virus detection among asymptomatic adults, and smoking and comorbidities may increase the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in the upper airways.

Download Full-text

Impact of Weather Factors on Coelaenomenodera elaiedis MLK (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Nigeria

Journal of Biotechnology Research ◽

10.32861/jbr.68.115.128 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-128

Author(s):

Aneni T. I. ◽

Adaigbe V. C. ◽

Ogbebor C. O. ◽

Okere C. I. ◽

Aghayedo C. O.

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Weather Factors ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽

Major Pest ◽

Model Equations ◽

Main Station ◽

Mathematical Relationships

The leaf miner (Coelaenomenodera elaeidis) is a major pest of the oil palm. It breaks out in epidemic proportions periodically, resulting in severe leaf defoliation and consequently low fresh fruit bunch (FFA) yield. This study analyses temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and leaf miner abundance records sampled in oil palm fields between 1976 and 1980 in the main station of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR). Data for temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity were obtained from NIFOR meteorological station. Mathematical relationships between the insect stages (larva, pupa, and adult) and weather factors (rainfall and temperature) were developed indicating that pest predictions can be made for different leaf miner stages using their corresponding model equations giving specific values for rainfall and temperature. Variations in the seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall are of major significance as a cue to timing leaf miner abundance and would help in making better decisions regarding where farmer action can target pest control interventions, thereby contributing to ensure food security. The need for continuous monitoring has great potential for detection and control of insect pests in oil palm growing areas.

Download Full-text

Associations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors With COVID-19 Transmission in 31 Chinese Provinces: A Time Series Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211060259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110602

Author(s):

Han Cao ◽

Bingxiao Li ◽

Tianlun Gu ◽

Xiaohui Liu ◽

Kai Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Wind Velocity ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations

Evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission is mixed. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 confirmed cases during the outbreak period throughout China. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in China from January 25 to February 29, 2020, (36 days) were extracted from authoritative electronic databases. The associations were estimated for a single-day lag as well as moving averages lag using generalized additive mixed models. Region-specific analyses and meta-analysis were conducted in 5 selected regions from the north to south of China with diverse air pollution levels and weather conditions and sufficient sample size. Nonlinear concentration–response analyses were performed. An increase of each interquartile range in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at lag4 corresponded to 1.40 (1.37–1.43), 1.35 (1.32–1.37), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 1.28 (1.27–1.29), and 1.26 (1.24–1.28) ORs of daily new cases, respectively. For 1°C, 1%, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, the ORs were 0.97 (0.97–0.98), 0.96 (0.96–0.97), and 0.94 (0.92–0.95), respectively. The estimates of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and all meteorological factors remained significantly after meta-analysis for the five selected regions. The concentration–response relationships showed that higher concentrations of air pollutants and lower meteorological factors were associated with daily new cases increasing. Higher air pollutant concentrations and lower temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity may favor COVID-19 transmission. Controlling ambient air pollution, especially for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may be an important component of reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, as winter months are arriving in China, the meteorological factors may play a negative role in prevention. Therefore, it is significant to implement the public health control measures persistently in case another possible pandemic.

Download Full-text

SEASONAL AND INTERANNUAL PATTERN OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES IN CUIABÁ, MATO GROSSO STATE, BRAZIL

Brazilian Journal of Geophysics ◽

10.22564/rbgf.v33i3.949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nadja Gomes Machado ◽

Marcelo Sacardi Biudes ◽

Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino ◽

Victor Hugo De Morais Danelichen ◽

Maísa Caldas Souza Velasque

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Meteorological Variables ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Wet Season ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Mato Grosso

ABSTRACT. Cuiab´a is located on the border of the Pantanal and Cerrado, in Mato Grosso State, which is recognized as one of the biggest agricultural producers of Brazil. The use of natural resources in a sustainable manner requires knowledge of the regional meteorological variables. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the seasonal and interannual pattern of meteorological variables in Cuiab´a. The meteorological data from 1961 to 2011 were provided by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET – National Institute of Meteorology). The results have shown interannual and seasonal variations of precipitation, solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, and wind speed and direction, establishing two main distinct seasons (rainy and dry). On average, 89% of the rainfall occurred in the wet season. The annual average values of daily global radiation, mean, minimum and maximum temperature and relative humidity were 15.6 MJ m–2 y–1, 27.9◦C, 23.0◦C, 30.0◦C and 71.6%, respectively. Themaximum temperature and the wind speed had no seasonal pattern. The wind speed average decreased in the NWdirectionand increased in the S direction.Keywords: meteorological variables, climatology, ENSO. RESUMO. Cuiabá está localizado na fronteira do Pantanal com o Cerrado, no Mato Grosso, que é reconhecido como um dos maiores produtores agrícolas do Brasil. A utilização dos recursos naturais de forma sustentável requer o conhecimento das variáveis meteorológicas em escala regional. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar o padrão sazonal e interanual das variáveis meteorológicas em Cuiabá. Os dados meteorológicos de 1961 a 2011 foram fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET). Os resultados mostraram variações interanuais e sazonais de precipitação, radiação solar, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e velocidade e direção do vento, estabelecendo duas principais estações distintas (chuvosa e seca). Em média, 89% da precipitação ocorreu na estação chuvosa. Os valores médios anuais de radiação diária global, temperatura do ar média, mínima e máxima e umidade relativa do ar foram 15,6 MJ m–2 y–1, 27,9◦C, 23,0◦C, 30,0◦C e 71,6%, respectivamente. A temperatura máxima e a velocidade do vento não tiveram padrão sazonal. A velocidade média do vento diminuiu na direção NW e aumentou na direção S.Palavras-chave: variáveis meteorológicas, climatologia, ENOS.

Download Full-text

Recent changes and drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand in the Canary Islands

10.5194/hess-2016-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. M. Vicente-Serrano ◽

C. Azorin-Molina ◽

A. Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽

A. El Kenawy ◽

N. Martín-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Evaporative Demand ◽

High Quality ◽

Radiative Component ◽

Main Driver

Abstract. We analysed recent evolution and meteorological drivers of the atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) in the Canary Islands for the period 1961–2013. We employed long and high quality time series of meteorological variables to analyze current AED changes in this region and found that AED has increased during the investigated period. Overall, the annual ETo increased significantly by 18.2 mm decade−1 on average, with a stronger trend in summer (6.7 mm decade−1). The radiative component showed much lower temporal variability than the aerodynamic component did. Thus, more than 90 % of the observed ETo variability at the seasonal and annual scales can be associated with the variability of the aerodynamic component. The variable that recorded more significant changes in the Canary Islands was relative humidity, and among the different meteorological factors used to calculate ETo, relative humidity was the main driver of the observed ETo trends. The observed trend could have negative consequences in a number of water-depending sectors if it continues in the future.

Download Full-text