scholarly journals Declining prevalence of antibody positivity to SARS-CoV-2: a community study of 365,000 adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ward ◽  
Graham Cooke ◽  
Christina Atchison ◽  
Matthew Whitaker ◽  
Joshua Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and persistence of antibodies following a peak SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights into its spread in the community, the likelihood of reinfection and potential for some level of population immunity.MethodsPrevalence of antibody positivity in England, UK (REACT2) with three cross-sectional surveys between late June and September 2020. 365104 adults used a self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG. A laboratory comparison of LFIA results to neutralization activity in panel of sera was performed.ResultsThere were 17,576 positive tests over the three rounds. Antibody prevalence, adjusted for test characteristics and weighted to the adult population of England, declined from 6.0% [5.8, 6.1], to 4.8% [4.7, 5.0] and 4.4% [4.3, 4.5], a fall of 26.5% [-29.0, −23.8] over the three months of the study. There was a decline between rounds 1 and 3 in all age groups, with the highest prevalence of a positive result and smallest overall decline in positivity in the youngest age group (18-24 years: −14.9% [-21.6, −8.1]), and lowest prevalence and largest decline in the oldest group (75+ years: −39.0% [-50.8, −27.2]); there was no change in antibody positivity between rounds 1 and 3 in healthcare workers (+3.45% [-5.7, +12.7]).The decline from rounds 1 to 3 was largest in those who did not report a history of COVID-19, (−64.0% [-75.6, −52.3]), compared to −22.3% ([-27.0, −17.7]) in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed on PCR.DiscussionThese findings provide evidence of variable waning in antibody positivity over time such that, at the start of the second wave of infection in England, only 4.4% of adults had detectable IgG antibodies using an LFIA. Antibody positivity was greater in those who reported a positive PCR and lower in older people and those with asymptomatic infection. These data suggest the possibility of decreasing population immunity and increasing risk of reinfection as detectable antibodies decline in the population.

scholarly journals The spatial epidemiology of alcohol-related mortality among the Czech adult population

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kazmer ◽  
I Kulhanova ◽  
M Lustigova
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background In Czechia, alcohol-induced deaths account for a significant portion of preventable mortality. As inequalities in health are both socially and spatially determined, the paper aims at the detailed examination of socio-geographic inequalities of this phenomenon. Methods The 2011-2015 annual data on both ICD-10 cause-specific deaths (K70; F10; X45/64; Y15) and mid-year population were obtained from the official Czech registries - the data were cross-classified by gender, 5-year age-groups, and permanent residence (N = 6,302 small area spatial units). The selected socio-demographic indicators (education, unemployment, religious population) from the Czech 2011 Census were spatially merged to the mortality dataset. From the data on education and unemployment, composite deprivation index (DI) was derived. In the adult population aged 25+, the age-standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were computed for each of the spatial units, separately by genders. The SMRs were spatially modelled by the Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) autoregressive approach, applying a fully bayesian framework integrated within the INLA R-package. The study applied cross-sectional design and employed ecological regression conducted on observational data. Results Compared to the Czech average, the highest SMRs were located in the historical regions of Moravia [SMR=1.15; 95%CI: 1.11-1.19] and Silesia [SMR=1.59; 95%CI: 1.52-1.66]. The SMRs were significantly correlated with DI among males [Rel.Risk=1.15; 95%CI: 1.11-1.19], and with religiousness rate among females [Rel.Risk=0.83; 95%CI: 0.77-0.90]. Conclusions Significant socio-geographic inequalities were detected, particularly with respect to the Czech historical regions. Among males, higher mortality was associated with a structural deprivation. Among females, protective effect of religiousness rate was found to be significant. The results highlight an importance of both socially and spatially integrated efforts for public health promotion. Key messages The inequalities in health are both socially and spatially contextualised. The paper presents robust empirical evidence in favour of the proposition, as examined on alcohol-related mortality data. The health determinants may be gender sensitive. Males might be more responsive to a structural disadvantage. Among females, cultural factors related to a local community might be more relevant.

Abstract P127: Gender and Fitness Status Influence Age-related Decline in Peak Heart Rate Achievement: Insight From the FIT Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Ahmed ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Michael J Blaha ◽  
Clinton A Brawner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
Exercise Treadmill ◽  
History Of ◽  
Separate Regression

Background: The declines in peak heart rate (HR) and fitness level with age are related; however, whether this association differs based on gender is not well appreciated. In a large cross-sectional cohort of women and men referred for a clinically indicated exercise treadmill test (ETT), we set out to determine whether the decrease in peak HR by age varied by gender (and fitness) in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) project. Methods: We analyzed data on 38,196 apparently-healthy patients aged 18-96 [mean age 51 ± 12 yrs, 25% black, 48% women] who completed an ETT. Those with history of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes on medications, atrial fibrillation or flutter, or taking AV nodal blocking medications were excluded. Being “fit” was defined as achieving ≥ the median MET level for each sex/age-decile group. Peak HR vs age was plotted, and regression lines were used to determine the intercept and slope for each group. Results: Men had higher peak HR than women but with a greater decline over time; the respective intercepts and slopes for peak HR estimates were 202.9 and 0.90 for men and 197.3 and 0.80 for women, (p-interaction = 0.023). Fit people also started out with higher peak HR but approached unfit people at higher age groups; respective intercept and slope by fitness status were 203.0 and 0.87 for fit and 194.7 and 0.83 for unfit (p-interaction <0.001). Separate regression lines were generated for categories of fit men/unfit men, fit women/unfit women ( Figure ). Fit and unfit men had similar declines in peak HR with increasing age (slope=0.92); whereas fit women (slope=0.81) had a slightly greater decline in peak HR with increasing age than unfit women (slope=0.73). However, peak absolute HR for fit people still remains higher than for unfit people even into elderly ages. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional cohort of patients referred for a clinical ETT, we found that the age-related decline in peak HR is influenced by both gender and fitness status.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQUI ◽  
SAAD SIDDIQUI ◽  
NOREEN SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Hepatobiliary Diseases

Objectives: To assess common presenting features and the role of Ultrasound in evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases in ourpopulation. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Khyber X rays, Khyber Medical Centre, Peshawar. Period: August 2010 to December2010. Material and Methods: Data from patients presenting for evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed for presenting complaintsand ultrasound findings according to objectives of the study. Results: In total 197 cases were included in the study. The age wise categorizationincluded pediatric population (6.1%) adult population (87.3%) and geriatric population (6.6%). Upper abdominal pain was the most commonpresenting feature in all age groups as well as in both genders. Cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis was the most common ultrasoundfinding in all age groups. No statistically significant difference was found between presenting features or ultrasound findings in different agegroups as well as across gender. Conclusions: Hepatobiliary diseases are among major illnesses in our region. Ultrasound is a sensitive anduseful tool for screening and evaluation of Hepatobiliary disorders.

scholarly journals On the hygienic rating of silicon compounds in drinking water (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083
Author(s):  
Yurii A. Rakhmanin ◽  
Natalija A. Egorova ◽  
Rufina I. Mikhailova ◽  
Irina N. Ryzhova ◽  
Marina G. Kochetkova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Silicon Compounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biogeochemical Provinces

Introduction. Silicon is a unique element in its physicochemical properties, almost ubiquitous in water supply sources but is not normalized in drinking water in the world practice of ensuring the harmlessness of water use of the population. In our country, the half-century history of the development of hygienic silicon standards in the water began with the justification of the MPC of silicon-containing reagents used in water treatment. However, over time, doubts have arisen about the suitability of manufactured silicon standards for controlling natural silicon in drinking water. Proponents of the harmlessness of natural soluble forms of silicon advocated the elimination of silicon standards in water. In contrast, researchers of the action of silicon in silicon biogeochemical provinces have constantly revealed its adverse effects on the health of the population living in these regions, confirming this with animal experiments. methods. Literature search methods on Scopus, CyberLeninka, PubMed databases: selective, analytical-synthetic, typological. the main part. The review provides information on soluble forms of silicon, their stability and bioavailability, examines the retrospective and current state of hygienic rationing of silicon in water, discusses the shortcomings of the currently existing MPC of silicon, sodium and potassium silicates in drinking water. A detailed review of studies carried out in the silicon biogeochemical provinces of Chuvashia is given, where the inhabitants of the ecological disaster zone, who consumed drinking water with a profound imbalance of macro-and microelements and a high silicon content relative to the optimum area, observed various metabolic disorders (mineral, lipid, carbohydrate, peroxide), changes in microbiocenosis of the large intestine and immune status, an increase in the incidence rate of the adult population with chronic non-infectious diseases by 2-3 times against the national average, the highest incidence rates in children of all age groups. Conclusions. The review draws attention to the need for expanded studies of the effect on the body of natural silicon in drinking water with the usual balance of trace elements to resolve issues about the standards for natural silicon at the federal and regional levels and to establish differentiated standards for silicon-containing reagents in drinking water.

scholarly journals Comparison of autocorrelation between CV-RISK independent variables in groups with and without history of cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Ivany Lestari Goutama ◽  
Hendsun . ◽  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Ernawati Su
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
History Of

Background: Cardiovascular relative risk (CVRISK) is the latest cardiovascular relative risk score to evaluate the magnitude of cardiovascular risk in healthy people regardless of age and cardiovascular risk severity. The aim of the study is to determine the correlation between each independent variables of CVRISK score in individuals with and without history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods: The study design is cross-sectional study. We conducted it online through social media using Google forms from June to August 2020. Participants include all productive age groups from 16 to 60 years. The data were processed using excel and statistically tested. Descriptive data analysis uses tabulated data which is displayed in numbers or proportions (categorical) and single data distribution (numeric). Statistical association analysis uses the categorical-correlation test with 2 statistical tests that use eta on nominal-ordinal variables and contingency coefficients on nominal-nominal variables.Results: There is a strong autocorrelation between hypertension and high tryglyceride levels (p value 0.001; correlation 0.549; risks 30.14%), nutritional status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in CVD group (p value 0.002; correlation 0.774; risks 59.90%) and non-CVD group (p value 0.000; correlation 0.757; risks 57.3%). Hypertension and risky LDL-C levels firmly proves a very strong correlations and significant relationship in CVD groups (p value 0.014; correlation 0.947; risks 89.68%).Conclusions: There is a correlation that varies from weak to very strong among the independent variables in the CVRISK scoring of the participants. Further research is needed to determine the potentiality of CVRISK as an early prevention in determining the cardiovascular risk of individuals with and without history of CVD.

scholarly journals Clinical features and outcome of Covid-19 in individuals without Comorbidities. Do children have the advantage?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Dr. Abhishek Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Nilu Kumari ◽  
Dr. Ranjeet Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respiratory Complaints

Objective: Information regarding clinical characteristics and the natural course of COVID-19amongst individuals without comorbidities is scarce. We therefore conducted a retrospectiveobservational study to decipher the disease profile in two different age groups, middle-aged (40-59years) and children (up to 12 years). Method: Study was conducted by reviewing the medicalrecords of all patients in the desired age groups and excluding all those with preexisting illness(called comorbidities). Result: A total of 154 and 27 patients were enrolled and studied in themiddle-aged adults and children group respectively. Males dominated in both groups with a sex ratioof 2.9 in adults and 1.7 in children. Most of the children (92.5%) had a history of exposure from aninfected family member, while in the adult group history of contact was present in 71.4% ofpatients.62.9% of children had an asymptomatic infection which was significantly higher than 22.8%in adults. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms in both age groups, but adults weremore likely to have respiratory complaints when compared with children.11 (7.1%) patients in theadult group had severe disease while in the children group none had severe disease. Similarly in theadult group 11 patients required ICU admission, but none in the children group. The mean durationof RTPCR positivity was similar in both groups. There was 1 (0.6%) expiry in the adult groupwhereas none in children. Conclusion: Healthy individuals in both middle-aged and children grouptend to have milder disease and both harbour the virus for the almost same duration but adults aremore symptomatic in comparison to children and hence children are more likely to be potentialasymptomatic carrier and transmitter of infection.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT POPULATION OF HAYATABAD PESHAWAR

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
SARA GUL ◽  
ATIF HUSSAIN ◽  
KASHIF UR REHMAN KHALIL ◽  
IMRANULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the common non communicable disease and is reported to beprevalent in 20% to 50% of the adult population, hypertension is one of the major contributor ofmortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. The cross-sectional descriptive studywas formulated to find the prevalence and to assess different etiological factors of hypertension.MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study among 400 adults of age 25-75 years wasconducted in months of June to December 2014 in Phase 5, Hayatabad Peshawar. A detailed structuredproforma having important questions was used to collect important data regarding various variables.RESULTS: Our study results showed that 22.75% of the study people were hypertensive i.e. 10.25% ofmales and 12.5% of females; and the prevalence of hypertension showed positive association withadvancing age. Out of all respondents; 60.25% were males while 39.75% were females; 28.5% weresmokers; 5.25% consume predominantly meat; 32.5% were obese & overweight; 36.75% checked theirB.P regularly; and 19.75% had positive history of hypertension in family.CONCLUSION: We conclude that hypertension prevalence was high among our study population andwas associated with various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors thus population based preventivestrategies are needed to control and prevent hypertension.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Age, Diet, Smokers, Hayatabad, Peshawar.

Collective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 of Moscow residents during the COVID-19 epidemic period

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Popova ◽  
◽  
E.B. Yezhlova ◽  
A.A. Melnikova ◽  
E.E. Andreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
Cultural Workers ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
The North ◽  
First Case ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Structure Of Population

The coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) was announced by WHO in February 2020. In Moscow, the first case of the disease was detected on March 2, 2020 in a man who arrived from Italy. Two weeks after the first case, there was an exponential increase in the number of cases. The incidence peaked in the 19th week of the year, followed by a steady decline, lasting 16 weeks. Objective. To investigate the level and structure of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of Moscow against the background of the incidence of COVID-19. Patients and methods. The study of population immunity of Moscow residents to SARS-CoV-2 was carried out in the period from July 1, 2020 to July 30, 2020 against the background of stabilization of the incidence rate. The work was conducted as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor project to assess population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Russian Federation, taking into account the protocol recommended by WHO. Volunteers for the study were selected by the method of questioning and randomization. The results of the survey of 2688 people were included in the analysis. The number of volunteers in all age groups was 384–385 people. The content of specific IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assya using a kit produced by FBIS SRCAMB according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results. During the survey of volunteers it was found that the share of seroprevalent residents of Moscow was 22.1%. By age groups, the highest proportion of seroprevalent was found among children aged 14–17 years (44.6%), the lowest (15.9%) – among people aged 18–29 years. Seroprevalence had no gender differences. The lowest level of herd immunity was revealed in the North-Western Administrative District (16.8%), the highest – in the South-Eastern Administrative District, as well as in the Troitsky and Novomoskovsky Administrative Districts of Moscow (in both, 24.1%). The smallest number of seropositive persons was among cultural workers (5.8%), the largest – among medical workers (27.0%). In the presence of contacts with patients with COVID-19, the probability of seroconversion increases by 1.5 times, and among convalescing persons COVID-19 antibodies were detected in 60.0% of cases. The proportion of people with asymptomatic infection among seropositive residents was 82.4%. Conclusion. The results obtained make it possible to characterize the population immunity of Moscow residents and are essential for the planning and implementation of anti-epidemic measures during the incidence of COVID-19. Key words: coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, seroprevalence, population, COVID-19

scholarly journals Prevalence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis from infancy through adulthood in rural Bangladesh: a population-based, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e042380
Author(s):  
Courtney J Pedersen ◽  
Mohammad J Uddin ◽  
Samir K Saha ◽  
Gary L Darmstadt
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

ObjectiveDescribe the pattern of atopic disease prevalence from infancy to adulthood.DesignCross-sectional household survey.SettingCommunity-based demographic surveillance site, Mirzapur, Bangladesh.Participants7275 individuals in randomly selected clusters within 156 villages.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe 12-month prevalence of atopic dermatitis (by UK Working Party Criteria (UK criteria) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)), asthma and rhinitis (by ISAAC); disease severity (by ISAAC); history of ever receiving a medical diagnosis.ResultsChildren aged 2 years had the highest prevalence of atopic dermatitis—18.8% (95% CI 15.2% to 22.4%) by UK criteria and 14.9% (95% CI 11.6% to 18.1%) by ISAAC— and asthma (20.1%, 95% CI 16.4% to 23.8%). Prevalence of rhinitis was highest among 25–29 year olds (6.0%, (95% CI% 4.5 to 7.4%). History of a medical diagnosis was lowest for atopic dermatitis (4.0%) and highest for rhinitis (27.3%) and was significantly associated with severe disease compared with those without severe disease for all three conditions (atopic dermatitis: 30.0% vs 11.7%, p=0.015; asthma; 85.0% vs 60.4%, p<0.001; rhinitis: 34.2% vs 7.3%, p<0.001) and having a higher asset-based wealth score for asthma (29.7% (highest quintile) vs 7.5% (lowest quintile), p<0.001) and rhinitis (39.8% vs 12.5%, p=0.003). Prevalence of having >1 condition was highest (36.2%) at 2 years and decreased with age. Having atopic dermatitis (ISAAC) was associated with significantly increased odds ratios (OR) for comorbid asthma (OR 5.56 (95% CI 4.26 to 7.26)] and rhinitis (3.68 (95% CI 2.73 to 4.96)). Asthma and rhinitis were also strongly associated with each other (OR 8.39 (95% CI 6.48 to 10.86)).ConclusionsAtopic disease burden was high in this rural Bangladeshi population. Having one atopic condition was significantly associated with the presence of another. Low incidence of ever obtaining a medical diagnosis highlights an important opportunity to increase availability of affordable diagnosis and treatment options for all age groups.

scholarly journals Hypertension status among the adult population in a rural community of Keraniganj Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mediscope ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
A Farhana ◽  
M Shakil ◽  
BU Khan ◽  
MS Laskar ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevention ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
History Of

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a growing public health concern among the Bangladeshi adult population. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive type of study was to estimate the proportion of hypertension in an adult population of Keraniganj Upazila, Dhaka. The sample size was 199 selected purposively. Among them, 53.8% were female, 82.4% Muslims. Of the total respondents, 15.6% were hypertensive and highest proportion (29.0%) of hypertensive patients was found in the age group of ≥50-<60 years. The study revealed that people who took extra fatty food for 3-5 days per week, people who took extra salt in their food, respondents had a positive family history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus were more prone to develop hypertension. The study also revealed that smokers were in higher risk of development of hypertension than the non-smokers were and the rate of hypertension was 36.8% among those having higher waist circumference within 100 cm - 109 cm than those having lower waist circumference within 60 cm - 69 cm. Newly identified hypertensive cases were 7.0% of the study population. Results of this study have profound implications for hypertension prevention programs in the rural community, pointing out the need for increased focus in addressing hypertension along with its all background causes.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 2: Jul 2018, Page 21-29

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