scholarly journals Impact of pre-anthesis drought stress on physiology, yield-related traits and drought responsive genes in green super rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassaan Ahmad ◽  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Kashif Naeem ◽  
Sajid Shokat ◽  
Safeena Inam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Maturity Stage

Optimum soil water availability is vital for maximum yield production in rice which is challenged by increasing spells of drought. The reproductive stage drought is among the main limiting factors leading to the drastic reduction in grain yield. Objective of this study was to investigate the molecular and morpho-physiological responses of pre-anthesis stage drought stress in green super rice. The study assessed the performance of 26 rice lines under irrigated and drought conditions. Irrigated treatment was allowed to grow normally while drought stress was imposed for 30 days at pre-anthesis stage. Three important physiological traits including pollen fertility percentage (PFP), cell membrane stability (CMS) and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) were recorded at anthesis stage during the last week of drought stress. Agronomic traits of economic importance including grain yield were recorded at maturity stage. The analysis of variance demonstrated significant variation among the genotypes for most of the studied traits. Correlation and principal component analyses demonstrated highly significant associations of particular agronomic traits with grain yield, and genetic diversity among genotypes, respectively. Our study demonstrated a higher drought tolerance potential of GSR lines compared to local cultivars, mainly by higher pollen viability, plant biomass, CMS, and harvest index under drought. In addition, the molecular basis of drought tolerance in GSR lines was related to upregulation of certain drought responsive genes including OsSADRI, OsDSM1, and OsDT11. Our study identified novel drought tolerance related genes (OsDRG-1, OsDRG-2, OsDRG-3 and OsDRG-4) that could be further characterized using reverse genetics to be utilized in molecular breeding for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drought tolerance of triticale (xTriticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) genotypes along with bread wheat and barley genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Seyyed Hamid Reza RAMAZANI ◽  
Ali IZANLOO
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Barley Genotypes

<p>The effects of drought stress on morphological and yield traits of six different genotypes of triticale along with wheat and barley were studied. The experiment was conducted in agricultural college of Sarayan, University of Birjand in 2016-2017 growing season. Experiment was a split-plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with drought stress in main plots and eight mentioned genotypes in subplots in three replications. Results of analysis of variance and means comparison analysis showed significant and negative effect of drought stress on grain yield and biological yield of all investigated genotypes. There was significant difference among investigated genotypes of triticale, wheat, and barley for grain yield under drought stress at 1 % probability level. Pazh genotype of triticale was found as the most drought tolerance genotype, among all investigated genotypes, based on almost all drought tolerance indexes. The highest significant correlation with grain yield was related to biological yield, harvest index, spike/shoot ratio, height and straw yield. GGE biplot analysis of genotypes based on their Yp and Ys showed that Pazh, Jualino, and Sanabad genotypes of triticale had more trends to Ys principal component than ET-89-11 line, wheat, and barley genotypes, therefore show more tolerance to drought stress.</p>

scholarly journals Natural Variation Uncovers Candidate Genes for Barley Spikelet Number and Grain Yield under Drought Stress

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar G. Thabet ◽  
Yasser S. Moursi ◽  
Mohamed A. Karam ◽  
Andreas Börner ◽  
Ahmad M. Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Drought stress can occur at any growth stage and can affect crop productivity, which can result in large yield losses all over the world. In this respect, understanding the genetic architecture of agronomic traits under drought stress is essential for increasing crop yield potential and harvest. Barley is considered the most abiotic stress-tolerant cereal, particularly with respect to drought. In the present study, worldwide spring barley accessions were exposed to drought stress beginning from the early reproductive stage with 35% field capacity under field conditions. Drought stress had significantly reduced the agronomic and yield-related traits such as spike length, awn length, spikelet per spike, grains per spike and thousand kernel weight. To unravel the genetic factors underlying drought tolerance at the early reproductive stage, genome-wide association scan (GWAS) was performed using 121 spring barley accessions and a 9K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chip. A total number of 101 significant SNPs, distributed over all seven barley chromosomes, were found to be highly associated with the studied traits, of which five genomic regions were associated with candidate genes at chromosomes 2 and 3. On chromosome 2H, the region between 6469300693-647258342 bp includes two candidate drought-specific genes (HORVU2Hr1G091030 and HORVU2Hr1G091170), which are highly associated with spikelet and final grain number per spike under drought stress conditions. Interestingly, the gene expression profile shows that the candidate genes were highly expressed in spikelet, grain, spike and leaf organs, demonstrating their pivotal role in drought tolerance. To the best of our knowledge, we reported the first detailed study that used GWAS with bioinformatic analyses to define the causative alleles and putative candidate genes underlying grain yield-related traits under field drought conditions in diverse barley germplasm. The identified alleles and candidate genes represent valuable resources for future functional characterization towards the enhancement of barley cultivars for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals miR2105 regulates ABA biosynthesis via OsbZIP86-OsNCED3 module to contribute to drought tolerance in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Gao ◽  
Mingkang Li ◽  
Songguang Yang ◽  
Chunzhi Gao ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Transgenic Rice Plants ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractInduced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis plays an important role in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought, cold and salinity. However, regulation pathway of the ABA biosynthesis in response to stresses is unclear. Here, we identified a rice miRNA, osa-miR2105 (miR2105), which plays a crucial role in ABA biosynthesis under drought stress. Analysis of expression, transgenic rice and cleavage site showed that OsbZIP86 is a target gene of miR2105. Subcellular localization and luciferase activity assays showed that OsbZIP86 is a nuclear transcription factor. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that OsbZIP86 directly binds to the promoter of OsNCED3, and interacts with OsSAPK10, resulting in enhanced-expression of OsNCED3. Transgenic rice plants with knock-down of miR2105 or overexpression of OsbZIP86 showed higher ABA content, more tolerance to drought, a lower rate of water loss, more stomatal closure than wild type rice ZH11 under drought stress. These rice plants showed no penalty with respect to agronomic traits under normal conditions. By contrast, transgenic rice plants with miR2105 overexpression, OsbZIP86 downregulation, or OsbZIP86 knockout displayed less tolerance to drought stress and other phenotypes. Collectively, our results show that a regulatory network of ‘miR2105-OsSAPK10/OsbZIP86-OsNCED3’ control ABA biosynthesis in response to drought stress.One-sentence summary‘miR2105-OsbZIP86-OsNCED3’ module plays crucial role in mediating ABA biosynthesis to contribute to drought tolerance with no penalty with respect to agronomic traits under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

Assessment of Drought Tolerance Indices in Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Different Sowing Dates

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Janmohammadi ◽  
A. Javanmard ◽  
N. Sabaghnia ◽  
M. Rezaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract The capability of a genotype to achieve acceptable yield over a broad range of sub-optimum and suitable conditions is extremely imperative. Late planting and end-season drought stress are two main factors limiting wheat yield in northwest of Iran. In a 2-year field experiment at Miandoab, Iran, the ability of several selection indices to identify drought resistant genotypes under different sowing dates and moisture conditions were evaluated. Six genotypes of differing response to water scarcity were planted at 20-d intervals on three dates from 11 October to 20 November. Drought resistance indices were utilized on the basis of grain yield under end-season drought (Ys) and normal (YN) conditions. Evaluation of MP, HARM, GM, STI, TOL, SSI, RDI, YSI and Yr indicated that late sowing (20 Nov) significantly decreased drought tolerance in all investigated genotypes. However, yield comparisons under normal and terminal drought stress conditions revealed that promising lines (C-81-4, C-81- 10, C-81-14 and C-82-12) had better performance than local checks (Zarrin and Alvand). Furthermore under both moisture conditions C-81-10 genotype had the greatest grain yield. Based on drought indices like as MP, GMP, STI and HARM C-81-10 genotype introduced as the most tolerant genotype to end-season drought stress. Grain yield showed a positive and significant correlation with HARM, GMP, MP, STI and YI indices were more efficient for recognizing high performance genotypes under different sowing dates and diverse moisture stress.

Evaluation of wild barley species as possible sources of drought tolerance for arid environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Barati ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Fateme Mostafavi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Maryam Safari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Barley ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractIn this study, agro-morphological and yield-related traits associated with drought tolerance in 80 barley genotypes belonging to 15 wild species together with the cultivated one, and their potential to improve adaptation to different levels of drought stress conditions (moisture environments) were studied. There was significant genetic variation among the genotypes and species for all of the measured traits, as well as differential responses of genotypes across environments. The results indicated high variation for grain yield (GY) under drought stress among the genotypes, and that some of the wild genotypes had consistently superior specific adaptation to the water stress conditions. The genotypes belong to wild barley species, especially Hordeum murinum and Hordeum marinum had lower GY but relatively higher yield stability under different environments. Traits such as number of seed per plant and hundred kernel weight were positively correlated with GY in all of the environments. High negative correlation between GY and days to ripening was observed only under intense drought environment, showing drought escape as a strategy of wild plants under highly stressed conditions. Grouping of the genotypes by principal component analysis completely separated cultivated barley and its progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from other wild genotypes; however, the other wild species were slightly separated from each other. In addition, the Iranian and foreign genotypes did not completely separate from each other. The identified wild barley genotypes with favourable characters and high drought tolerance could be used in genetic studies and barley improvement programmes especially for drought stress.

scholarly journals Detection of drought tolerance-related QTL in the Plainsman V./Cappelle Desprez doubled haploid wheat population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
É. Nagy ◽  
Á. Szabó-Hevér ◽  
S. Lehoczki-Krsjak ◽  
C. Lantos ◽  
E. Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Dh Population ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Irrigation Levels

AbstractDrought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that significantly reduces wheat grain yield. Improving drought tolerance is a challenge that plant breeders are facing nowadays. In this study, our goal was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the Plainsman V./Cappelle Desprez doubled haploid (DH) population under drought induced as decreased irrigation (ds) and well-watered (ww) conditions in glasshouse. In total, 54 QTL were detected across the three years in two water regimes linked to 10 drought tolerance-related agronomic traits. Out of the detected QTL regions several have been previously reported. The QTL on chromosome 1A (wPt-744613-wPt-8016) related to thousand grain weight was detected in both ds and ww conditions, explaining the 12.7–17.4% of the phenotypic variance. QTL for grain yield was detected on chromosomes 1A, and 6B in the ds treatment. Numerous QTL was identified under both irrigation levels.

scholarly journals Impact of Grain Priming and Silicon Spraying on the Response of Barley to After Anthesis Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh Branch, Alexandria University, Egypt, during two successive seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of seed priming with Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids and spraying with silicon on drought tolerance of two barley cultivars, Giza 126 and Giza 2000. Six treatment were used as follows: Seed priming with Ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation till heading (T1), seed priming with Salicylic acid (SA) and irrigation till heading (T2), seed priming with distilled water and irrigation till heading (T3), spraying with silicon and irrigation till heading (T4), dry seeds cultivation and irrigation till heading (T5) and dry seeds cultivation and all season irrigation (T6). The results indicated that post anthesis stress decreased grain yield by 17.1 % and 100-grain weight by 11.96 %, as an average of the two seasons. Hydropriming and osmopriming with salicylic acid, in addition to spraying with silicon, decreased the effect of drought and barley plants gave comparable grain yield to that of non-stress conditions. Barley cultivar Giza 126 was more tolerant to late drought compared to Giza 2000 cultivar with S values of 0.58 and 1.42, as an average of the two seasons, respectively.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations under drought stressed and well-watered environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Lourine Chebet Bii ◽  
Kahiu Ngugi ◽  
John M. Kimani ◽  
George N. Chemining’ wa
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Gge Biplots

In Kenya, the key abiotic stress affecting rice production is drought stress which is experienced mainly during reproductive phase of the crop. This study evaluated the performance of Kenyan rice populations including 19 generation of crosses, 6 parental and 5 checks under well-watered and drought stressed environment with the aim of identifying the phenotypic traits that confer drought tolerance in rice. The 19 generation of crosses were in F3 when they were evaluated in the short rains season and later advanced to F4 in the long rains season. Nineteen generation of crosses rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, six parental and five check lines were evaluated for response to drought under drought stressed and well-watered environment. The study was conducted over two seasons in the year 2016/2017 at Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) -Mwea Centre. The experiment was set up in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Drought stress was imposed at panicle initiation by withholding irrigation till physiological maturity meanwhile the well-watered environment continued to enjoy the recommended irrigation regime from planting to physiological maturity. Yield data were scored for drought tolerance. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that genotypes from crosses of crosses of SARO5XNERICA11, NERICA2XSARO5 and NERICA15XSARO5 expressed high grain yield. AMMI stability Variance (ASV) showed genotypes NERICA15, Duorado Precoce and progenies from crosses of NERICA11XNERICA2, SARO5XKomboka and NERICA2XNERICA11 expressed high stability in both well-watered and drought-stressed environment. GGE analysis showed that Principal Components (PC1) and PC2 accounted for 96.46% and 3.54%, respectively. GGE biplots showed that genotypes from crosses SARO5XNERICA11 and NERICA15XSARO5 were the most stable and high yielding. GGE biplots ranked the rice lines as follows: those above average in performance, the stable ones, unstable and those below average in performance. SARO5XNERICA11 is worth of selection due to its high mean yield value and is stable across the mega-environments.

scholarly journals Screening of Key Drought Tolerance Indices for Cotton at the Flowering and Boll Setting Stage Using the Dimension Reduction Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
FengLei Sun ◽  
Qin Chen ◽  
QuanJia Chen ◽  
Menghui Jiang ◽  
Wenwei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Drought is one of the main abiotic stresses that seriously influences cotton production. Many indicators can be used to evaluate cotton drought tolerance, but the key indicators remain to be determined. The objective of this study was to identify effective cotton drought tolerance indicators from 19 indices, including morphology, photosynthesis, physiology, and yield-related indices, and to evaluate the yield potential of 104 cotton varieties under both normal and drought-stress field conditions. Combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and a regression analysis method, the results showed that the top five PCs among the 19, with eigenvalues &gt; 1, contributed 65.52, 63.59, and 65.90% of the total variability during 2016 to 2018, respectively, which included plant height (PH), effective fruit branch number (EFBN), single boll weight (SBW), transpiration rate (Tr) and chlorophyll (Chl). Therefore, the indicator dimension decreased from 19 to 5. A comparison of the 19 indicators with the 5 identified indicators through PCA and a combined regression analysis found that the results of the final cluster of drought tolerance on 104 cotton varieties were basically consistent. The results indicated that these five traits could be used in combination to screen cotton varieties or lines for drought tolerance in cotton breeding programs, and Zhong R2016 and Xin lu zao 45 exhibited high drought tolerance and can be selected as superior parents for good yield performance under drought stress.

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