Influence of Acute Vitamin C and/or Carbohydrate Ingestion on Hormonal, Cytokine, and Immune Responses to Prolonged Exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Davison ◽  
Michael Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Single Blind

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C with or without carbohydrate consumed acutely in beverages before and during prolonged cycling on immunoendocrine responses. In a single blind, randomized manner six healthy, moderately trained males exercised for 2.5 h at 60% VO2max and consumed either placebo (PLA), carbohydrate (CHO, 6% w/v), vitamin C (VC, 0.15% w/v) or CHO+VC beverages before and during the bouts; trials were separated by 1 wk. CHO and CHO+VC significantly blunted the post-exercise increase in plasma concentrations of cortisol, ACTH, total leukocyte, and neutrophil counts and limited the decrease in plasma glucose concentration and bacteria-stimulated neutrophil degranulation. VC increased plasma antioxidant capacity (PAC) during exercise (P < 0.05) but had no effect on any of the immunoendocrine responses (P > 0.05). CHO+VC increased PAC compared to CHO but had no greater effects, above those observed with CHO alone, on any of the immunoendocrine responses. In conclusion, acute supplementation with a high dose of VC has little or no effect on the hormonal, interleukin-6, or immune response to prolonged exercise and combined ingestion of VC with CHO provides no additional effects compared with CHO alone.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Strawberry Supplementation on Antioxidant Biomarkers in Obese Adults with Above Optimal Serum Lipids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Basu ◽  
Stacy Morris ◽  
Angel Nguyen ◽  
Nancy M. Betts ◽  
Dongxu Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dose Control ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Berries have shown several cardiovascular health benefits and have been associated with antioxidant functions in experimental models. Clinical studies are limited. We examined the antioxidant effects of freeze-dried strawberries (FDS) in adults [n=60; age:49±10years; BMI:36±5 kg/m2(mean ± SD)] with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. Participants were randomized to one of the following arms: low dose strawberry (25 g/day FDS), low dose control beverage (LD-C), high dose strawberry (50 g/d FDS), and high dose control beverage (HD-C) for 12 weeks. Control beverages were matched for calories and total fiber. Plasma antioxidant capacity, trace elements (copper, iron, selenium, and zinc), whole blood glutathione (GSH), and enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were examined at screening (0 week) and after 12 weeks’ intervention. At 12 weeks, plasma antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels were higher in the strawberry versus control groups (low and high dose FDS: 45% and 42% for plasma antioxidant capacity and 28% and 36% for glutathione, resp.); glutathione was higher in the high versus low dose strawberry group (allp<0.05). Serum catalase activity was higher in the low dose strawberry (43%) versus control group (p<0.01). No differences were noted in plasma trace elements and glutathione enzyme activity. Dietary strawberries may selectively increase plasma antioxidant biomarkers in obese adults with elevated lipids.

Influence of Carbohydrate Supplementation on Plasma Cytokine and Neutrophil Degranulation Responses to High Intensity Intermittent Exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette C. Bishop ◽  
Michael Gleeson ◽  
Ceri W. Nicholas ◽  
Ajmol Ali
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Factor Α

Ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) beverages during prolonged, continuous heavy exercise results in smaller changes in the plasma concentrations of several cytokines and attenuates a decline in neutrophil function. In contrast, ingesting CHO during prolonged intermittent exercise appears to have negligible influence on these responses, probably due to the overall moderate intensity of these intermittent exercise protocols. Therefore, we examined the effect of CHO ingestion on plasma interIeukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimuIated neutrophil degranulation responses to high-intensity intermittent running. Six trained male soccer players performed 2 exercise trials, 7 days apart, in a randomized, counterbalanced design. On each occasion, they completed six 15-min periods of intermittent running consisting of maximal sprinting interspersed with less intense periods of running and walking. Subjects consumed either CHO or artificially sweetened placebo(PLA) beverages immediately before and at 15-min intervals during the exercise. At 30 min post-exercise, CHO versus PLA was associated with a higher plasma glucose concentration (p< .01), a lower plasma cortisol and IL-6 concentration (p < .02), and fewer numbers of circulating neutrophils (p < .05). Following the exercise, LPS-stimulated elastase release per neutrophil fell 31 % below baseline values on the PLA trial (p = .06) compared with 11% on the CHO trial (p = .30). Plasma TNF-α concentration increased following the exercise (main effect of time, p < .001) but was not affected by CHO. These data indicate that CHO ingestion attenuates changes in plasma IL-6 concentration, neutrophil trafficking, and LPS-stimulated neutrophil degranulation in response to intermittent exercise that involves bouts of very high intensity exercise.

scholarly journals Antioxidant/Oxidant Status and Cardiac Function in Bradykinin B1- and B2-Receptor Null Mice

2013 ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DELEMASURE ◽  
N. BLAES ◽  
C. RICHARD ◽  
R. COUTURE ◽  
M. BADER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ascorbyl Free Radical ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidant Status

Kinin-vasoactive peptides activate two G-protein-coupled receptors (R), B1R (inducible) and B2R (constitutive). Their complex role in cardiovascular diseases could be related to differential actions on oxidative stress. This study investigated impacts of B1R or B2R gene deletion in mice on the cardiac function and plasma antioxidant and oxidant status. Echocardiography-Doppler was performed in B1R (B1R-/-) and B2R (B2R-/-) deficient and wild type (WT) adult male mice. No functional alteration was observed in B2R-/- hearts. B1R-/- mice had significantly lowered fractional shortening and increased isovolumetric contraction time. The diastolic E and A waves velocity ratio was similar in all mice groups. Thus B1R-/- mice provide a model of moderate systolic dysfunction, whereas B2R-/- mice displayed a normal cardiac phenotype. Plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was significantly decreased in both B1R-/- and B2R-/- mice whereas the vitamin C levels were decreased in B2R-/- mice only. Plasma ascorbyl free radical was significantly higher in B1R-/- compared to WT and B2R-/- mice. Therefore, the oxidative stress index, ascorbyl free radical to vitamin C ratio, was increased in both B1R-/- and B2R-/- mice. Hence, B1R and B2R deficiency are associated with increased oxidative stress, but there is a differential imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense. The interrelationship between the differential B1R and B2R roles in oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases remain to be investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Flavonoids, n-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin C on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Capacity Before and After Intense Cycling

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. McAnulty ◽  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Lisa S. McAnulty ◽  
Worley S. Lynch ◽  
Fuxia Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
Post Hoc

Consumption of plant flavonoids, antioxidants, and n-3 fatty acids is proposed to have many potential health benefits derived primarily through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study examined the effects of 1,000 mg quercetin + 1,000 mg vitamin C (QC); 1,000 mg quercetin, 1,000 mg vitamin C, 400 mg isoquercetin, 30 mg epigallocatechin gallate, and 400 mg n-3 fatty acids (QFO); or placebo (P), taken each day for 2 wk before and during 3 d of cycling at 57% Wmax for 3 hr, on plasma antioxidant capacity (ferricreducing ability of plasma [FRAP], oxygen-radical absorbance capacity [ORAC]), plasma oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes), and plasma quercetin and vitamin C levels. Thirty-nine athletes were recruited and randomized to QC, QFO, or P. Blood was collected at baseline, after 2 wk supplementation, immediately postexercise, and 14 hr postexercise. Statistical design used a 3 (groups) × 4 (times) repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc analyses. Plasma quercetin was significantly elevated in QC and QFO compared with P. Plasma F2-isoprostanes, FRAP, and vitamin C were significantly elevated and ORAC significantly decreased immediately postexercise, but no difference was noted in the overall pattern of change. Post hoc analyses revealed that the QC and QFO groups did not exhibit a significant increase in F2-isoprostanes from baseline to immediately postexercise compared with P. This study indicates that combining flavonoids and antioxidants with n-3 fatty acids is effective in reducing the immediate postexercise increase in F2-isoprostanes. Moreover, this effect occurs independently of changes in plasma antioxidant capacity.

Do ascorbic acid and viscum album improve PFS in NSCLC?

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3102-3102
Author(s):  
Fatima Zehra Raza ◽  
Smita Ranjan ◽  
Goetz H. Kloecker
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Smoker

3102 Background: Intravenous vitamin C achieves 70 times higher plasma concentrations of ascorbate as a similar oral dose. Such pharmacologic concentrations(0.3-20mM) kill cancer cells but not normal cells, through extracellular H2O2 generation. Ascorbate treatment depleted ATP and induced autophagy in prostate cancer cells; gemcitabine with ascorbate resulted in 50% inhibition of growth in pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice models. A phase I/II study for pancreatic cancer patients is underway. Viscum album (mistletoe) is widely used in Europe as complementary therapy. Its cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects are poorly understood. Additional treatment with subcutaneous mistletoe injections improved quality of life in gastric cancer patients in a study. Methods: We report the case of a 54 year old male smoker with adenocarcinoma of the lung (pT4N2M1a), EGFR/RAS/ALK negative. After 5 cycles of chemotherapy (carboplatin/taxol x 3, then carboplatin/pemetrexed x 2) scans showed continued progression. The patient made an informed decision to stop further chemotherapy and initiated complementary medical means, receiving high dose IV vitamin C (75 g, 2 x week) and subcutaneous mistletoe injections every other day, for the last seven months. Results: Six months into the non-standard therapy, a PET/CT shows a PR by RECIST and decreased FDG activity of the biopsy proven primary and metastatic site. The patient feels well, a year now after being diagnosed with advanced NSCLC. Conclusions: Whether the PR and the surprisingly long PFS is due to IV ascorbic acid and/or mistletoe is unknown. A review of the literature reveals reports of similar astonishing clinical results after treatment with either agent. A registry and biorepository of cases treated with alternative modalities may discover markers and biological mechanisms to explain these surprising reports.

Prolonged Vitamin C Supplementation and Recovery from Demanding Exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Thompson ◽  
Clyde Williams ◽  
Stephen J. McGregor ◽  
Ceri W. Nicholas ◽  
Frank McArdle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Male Subjects

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether 2 weeks of vitamin C supplementation affects recovery from an unaccustomed bout of exercise. Sixteen male subjects were allocated to either a placebo (P; n = 8) or vitamin C group (VC; n = 8). The VC group consumed 200 mg of ascorbic acid twice a day, whereas the P group consumed identical capsules containing 200 mg of lactose. Subjects performed a prolonged (90-min) intermittent shuttle-running test 14 days after supplementation began. Post-exercise serum creatine kinase activities and myoglobin concentrations were unaffected by supplementation. However, vitamin C supplementation had modest beneficial effects on muscle soreness, muscle function, and plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde. Furthermore, although plasma interleukin-6 increased immediately after exercise in both groups, values in the VC group were lower than in the P group 2 hours after exercise (p < .05). These results suggest that prolonged vitamin C supplementation has some modest beneficial effects on recovery from unaccustomed exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Intravenous High Dose Vitamin C on Postoperative Pain and Morphine Use after Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghoon Jeon ◽  
Jun Seok Park ◽  
Suyoung Moon ◽  
Jinseok Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Laparoscopic Colectomy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Morphine Consumption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

Background and Objective. Vitamin C has antioxidant, neuroprotective, and neuromodulating effects. Recently, it showed antinociceptive effect as a result of the antioxidant properties. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the effect of intravenous vitamin C on opiate consumption and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy.Methods. A total of 100 patients were enrolled and allocated to receive 50 mg/kg vitamin C or placebo by intravenous infusion immediately after induction of anesthesia. Morphine consumption and scores of pain were assessed at 2, 6, and 24 h after completion of surgery.Results. There were 97 patients included in the analysis. Patients who received vitamin C had higher plasma concentrations of vitamin C at the end of surgery, significantly lower morphine consumption at the 2 h after end of surgery, and significantly lower pain scores at rest during first 24 h postoperatively. There was no significant difference between groups in side effects, fatigue score, or pain score during cough.Conclusion. This study shows high dose vitamin C infusion decreased postoperative pain during the first 24 h and reduced morphine consumption in the early postoperative period. Additional research needed to examine whether higher doses of vitamin C and longer infusion times can amplify these effects.

scholarly journals High-Dose Vitamin C: Preclinical Evidence for Tailoring Treatment in Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1428
Author(s):  
Manuela Giansanti ◽  
Terry Karimi ◽  
Isabella Faraoni ◽  
Grazia Graziani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Tet Enzymes ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

High-dose vitamin C has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for patients with advanced tumors who failed previous treatment with chemotherapy. Due to vitamin C complex pharmacokinetics, only intravenous administration allows reaching sufficiently high plasma concentrations required for most of the antitumor effects observed in preclinical studies (>0.250 mM). Moreover, vitamin C entry into cells is tightly regulated by SVCT and GLUT transporters, and is cell type-dependent. Importantly, besides its well-recognized pro-oxidant effects, vitamin C modulates TET enzymes promoting DNA demethylation and acts as cofactor of HIF hydroxylases, whose activity is required for HIF-1α proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, at pharmacological concentrations lower than those required for its pro-oxidant activity (<1 mM), vitamin C in specific genetic contexts may alter the DNA damage response by increasing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels. These more recently described vitamin C mechanisms offer new treatment opportunities for tumors with specific molecular defects (e.g., HIF-1α over-expression or TET2, IDH1/2, and WT1 alterations). Moreover, vitamin C action at DNA levels may provide the rationale basis for combination therapies with PARP inhibitors and hypomethylating agents. This review outlines the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of vitamin C to be taken into account in designing clinical studies that evaluate its potential use as anticancer agent.

The Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Interleukin-6 Response to a 90-Minute Run Time Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Robson-Ansley ◽  
Martin Barwood ◽  
Clare Eglin ◽  
Les Ansley
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Placebo Trial ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Trained Runners ◽  
Messenger Molecule ◽  
Trial Performance

Fatigue is a predictable outcome of prolonged physical activity; yet its biological cause remains uncertain. During exercise, a polypeptide messenger molecule inter-leukin-6 (IL-6) is actively produced. Previously, it has been demonstrated that administration of recombinant IL-6 (rhIL-6) impairs 10-km run performance and heightened sensation of fatigue in trained runners. Both high carbohydrate diets and carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise have a blunting effect on IL-6 levels post endurance exercise. We hypothesized that carbohydrate ingestion may improve performance during a prolonged bout of exercise as a consequence of a blunted IL-6 response. Seven recreationally trained fasted runners completed two 90-min time trials under CHO supplemented and placebo conditions in a randomized order. The study was of a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study design. Distance covered in 90 min was significantly greater following exogenous carbohydrate ingestion compared with the placebo trial (19.13 ± 1.7 km and 18.29 ± 1.9 km, respectively, p = .0022). While post exercise IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the CHO trial compared with the placebo trial (5.3 ± 1.9 pg·mL−1 and 6.6 ± 3.0 pg·mL−1, respectively; p = .0313), this difference was considered physiologically too small to mediate the improvement in time trial performance.

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