Morphology and Hydrodynamic Resistance in Young Swimmers

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataphoom Benjanuvatra ◽  
Brian A. Blanksby ◽  
Bruce C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Resistance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Males And Females

Six 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old, anthropometrically matched males and females were towed on the water surface via a mechanical winch at 1.3 to 2.5 ms−1 in increments of 0.3 ms−1 during a prone streamlined glide. Passive drag force of the 13-year age group was significantly larger than that of the 9-year age group at 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5 ms−1, but not at 1.3-1.6 ms−1. While anthropometry did not feature in any regression equation at any age for passive drag at velocities of 1.3 and 1.6 ms−1, body mass was the best predictor of drag at 1.9 and 2.5 ms−1.

Development and Validation of a Regression Model to Estimate VO2peak from PACER 20-m Shuttle Run Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (s2) ◽  
pp. S34-S46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
David A. Rowe ◽  
Dana J. Crotts ◽  
Kerry L. McIver
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Validation Sample ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background:The purpose of this study was to develop and cross-validate a regression model to estimate VO2peak from PACER performance in 12- to 14-year-old males and females.Methods:A sample of 135 participants had VO2peak measured during a maximal treadmill test and completed the PACER 20-m shuttle run. The sample was randomly split into validation (n = 90) and cross-validation (n = 45) samples. The validation sample was used to develop the regression equation to estimate VO2peak from PACER laps, gender, and body mass.Results:The multiple correlation (R) was .66 and standard error of estimate (SEE) was 6.38 ml·kg−1·min−1. Accuracy of the model was confirmed on the cross-validation sample. The regression equation developed on the total sample was: VO2peak = 47.438 + (PACER*0.142) + (Gender[m=1, f=0]*5.134) − (body mass [kg]*0.197), R = .65, SEE = 6.38 ml·kg–1·min–1.Conclusions:The model developed in this study was more accurate than the Leger et al. model and allows easy conversion of PACER laps to VO2peak.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

Smartphone-induced Behaviour: Utilisation, Benefits, Nomophobic Behaviour and Perceived Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 097325862097951
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Sharma ◽  
T. Sarathamani ◽  
Sunil Kumar Bhougal ◽  
Hemant Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Private University ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Smartphone has become an essential part of human lives. People tend to treat it as another part of their body. Besides communication purposes, it is used for searching information, monetary transactions, shopping, social networking, entertainment, etc. This study aims at analysing the factors influencing smartphone usage and behavioural changes among college students under four constructs: utilisation, benefits, nomophobic behaviour and perceived risks (UBNR). An instrument was created with factors concerning the research and administered in a top-ranked private university of Bangalore, India. The research was carried out with a total of 122 responses. The results show that there is no significant difference in the attitude of males and females in most of the factors except social anxiety. Females experience more social anxiety and use smartphone more for maintaining their social relationships. There is no significant difference between the age group of students in all the four constructs. Utilisation is positively related with psychological, social, functional and financial benefits and shows that the greater the usage of smartphone, the greater are the benefits. On the other hand, the study reveals that increased usage of smartphone leads to addiction, causes nomophobia and poses threat of perceived risks. A mediation strategy like educating the students for proper use of technology is necessary to overcome the risk of addiction and developing nomophobia.

Ideal body image for the opposite sex and its association with body mass index

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Ibáñez-Zamacona ◽  
Alaitz Poveda ◽  
Esther Rebato
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Ideal Body Image ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

Abstract This research studied the preferences reported by women and men about their Ideal Body Image for the Opposite Sex (IBIOS), and its association with body mass index (BMI). It also analysed the preferences of each sex for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI). A total of 450 participants aged 18–70 years with different weights were studied. Their IBIOS was assessed using standard figural stimuli. The sample was divided in four groups by sex and age (<45 years; ≥45 years). Sex and age differences in IBIOS, as well as sex differences in the preferences for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI), were tested using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The association between IBIOS and BMI was analysed using Spearman’s correlation. In all groups, the most chosen silhouette as IBIOS was number 4. In the under-45 years group, women chose bigger silhouettes for the opposite sex than men did (p<0.05). In this age group women chose as ideal smaller silhouettes for the female body than men did (p<0.01). In addition, women and men in the younger age group and with normal weight chose smaller silhouettes, while those who were overweight or obese selected larger silhouettes (p<0.001). Age was found to be a relevant factor in IBIOS preferences, and in the association between IBIOS and nutritional status as measured by BMI, which was only observed to be significant in the younger age group.

scholarly journals Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalakanth Shenoy ◽  
George Attokaran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

ABSTRACT Background Selecting and replacing missing teeth to natural proportions and esthetic preference of a patient in the absence of pre-extraction records is a very challenging task. Although facial analysis and proportions are well discussed in many populations, none exists for the Thrissur, Kerala, population. A prosthodontic rehabilitation for Kerala patients relying on other racial norms may result in dissonant facial proportions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the validity of innercanthal distance as a guide in determining the mesiodistal dimension of six maxillary anterior teeth in a selected Malayalee population in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area; (2) to check whether innercanthal distance undergoes dynamic changes over time as a result of aging; and (3) to evaluate whether there is a gender difference in the analyzed mean facial and dental proportions in this population. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 1,200 subjects in the Thrissur Municipal Corporation area. From five wards, 240 subjects were selected, out of which 120 were from the 18 to 25 years age group and 120 from the 40 to 50 years age group. Sixty males and females were selected from each group. The innercanthal distance was measured using a Digital Vernier Caliper, and alginate impressions were made to evaluate the size of maxillary anteriors. The data was analyzed statistically. Results The study showed that there is a high statistical significance between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in females (p < 0.01) and no significance in males. There was also dynamic changes in the innercanthal dimension and the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors with increase in age (p < 0.001). The difference in the mean of innercanthal distance between the genders was highly statistically significant, but no significance was found between the genders in the mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors. Conclusion Within the population evaluated, there was a high statistical significance in females between the innercanthal distance and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth, but not for males. Innercanthal dimension was found to undergo dynamic changes as age increases in both males and females, and it was much higher in males than in females. There was no statistical significance in the comparative evaluation of mesiodistal width of maxillary anteriors of males and females in the study. Clinical significance Teeth selection is a critical step in determining the outcome of successful prosthodontic treatment. No definite guidelines for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth pertaining to the Thrissur, Kerala, population exist. A prosthodontic rehabilitation of Thrissur, Kerala, patients relying on other racial norms will result in dissonant facial proportions. In selecting maxillary anterior teeth, the knowledge of racial norms will help specify certain esthetic and functional modifications in treatment plans, which might be specific to each group. Therefore, there remains an unquestionable need for a scientific and reliable method for maxillary anterior teeth selection, which can be applied on this group of Indian population. How to cite this article Attokaran G, Shenoy K. Correlation between Innercanthal Distance and Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Thrissur, Kerala, India, Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(5):382-387.

scholarly journals Age-Related Alterations in the Behavior and Serotonin-Related Gene mRNA Levels in the Brain of Males and Females of Short-Lived Turquoise Killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri)

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Valentina S. Evsiukova ◽  
Elizabeth A. Kulikova ◽  
Alexander V. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽  
Males And Females

Short-lived turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) have become a popular model organism for neuroscience. In the present paper we study for the first time their behavior in the novel tank diving test and the levels of mRNA of various 5-HT-related genes in brains of 2-, 4- and 6-month-old males and females of N. furzeri. The marked effect of age on body mass, locomotor activity and the mRNA level of Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Mao, Htr1aa, Htr2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, Htr6 genes in the brains of N. furzeri males was shown. Locomotor activity and expression of the Mao gene increased, while expression of Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Htr1aa, Htr2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, Htr6 genes decreased in 6-month-old killifish. Significant effects of sex on body mass as well as on mRNA level of Tph1a, Tph1b, Tph2, Slc6a4b, Htr1aa, 5-HT2a, Htr3a, Htr3b, Htr4, and Htr6 genes were revealed: in general both the body mass and the expression of these genes were higher in males. N. furzeri is a suitable model with which to study the fundamental problems of age-related alterations in various mRNA levels related with the brains 5-HT system.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study of sexual maturation in males and females highlights a role for body mass and menarche loci in male puberty

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 4452-4464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Cousminer ◽  
Evangelia Stergiakouli ◽  
Diane J. Berry ◽  
Wei Ang ◽  
Maria M. Groen-Blokhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Male Puberty ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Males And Females

An Evaluation of the Kenz Calorie Counter during Progressive Treadmill Exercise in Adults and Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Walters ◽  
David A. Brodie
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measured Energy ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
On Line

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of data derived from the Kenz calorie counter during progressive, incremental treadmill exercise. Direct comparisons were made with calories calculated from on-line gas analysis. The subjects were 18 adults, 18 postadolescent children, and 24 preadolescent children. Linear regression (r2 > .95) showed a progressive deviation away from a 1:1 relationship between Kenz data and V̇O2 data with increasing age of subject which remained when standardized to kcal · kg−1 body mass or kcal · m−2 · hour−1. The Kenz calorie counter, after applying an age group correction factor, can thus be used as a suitable analog for measured energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infections as detected by monoclonal antibody in an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Libanez Bessa C. Braga ◽  
Manuela L. Gomes ◽  
Melissa W. da Silva ◽  
Clece Paiva ◽  
Andréa Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Slum ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Entamoeba Dispar ◽  
Isoenzyme Analysis ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Histolytica Infection ◽  
Males And Females

In this study the authors used the Elisa-based antigen detection tests that distinguish E. histolytica from E. dispar to examine the prevalence of E. histolytica infection in individuals from an urban slum in Fortaleza, Northeastern, Brazil. This test has a sensitivity and specificity that is comparable to PCR and isoenzyme analysis, which is the gold standard. Single stools samples were obtained from 735 individuals. The prevalence of E. histolytica infection was 14.9% (110/735) and 25.4%(187/735) for E. dispar-E. histolytica complex. The most affected age group for E. histolytica /E. histolytica-E. dispar infection was the 1-5 year olds but there was no remarkable decrease with age. There was no significant difference in colonization rates between males and females. The results from this survey demonstrate that E. histolytica is highly prevalent in the Community studied. Furthermore, it offers promise for the antigen detection test as a sensitive and technically simple tool for detecting E. histolytica infection in the field.

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