Antimicrobial and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Clove Essential Oil on the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni

ABSTRACTOur study investigated the antimicrobial action of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (EO) on the zoonotic pathogenCampylobacter jejuni. After confirming the clove essential oil's general antibacterial effect, we analyzed the reference strainCampylobacter jejuniNCTC 11168. Phenotypic, proteomic, and transcriptomic methods were used to reveal changes in cell morphology and functions when exposed to sublethal concentrations of clove EO. The normally curved cells showed markedly straightened and shrunken morphology on the scanning electron micrographs as a result of stress. Although, oxidative stress, as a generally accepted response to essential oils, was also present, the dominance of a general stress response was demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results of RT-PCR and two-dimensional (2D) PAGE revealed that clove oil perturbs the expression of virulence-associated genes taking part in the synthesis of flagella, PEB1, PEB4, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and serine protease. Loss of motility was also detected by a phenotypic test. Bioautographic analysis revealed that besides its major component, eugenol, at least four other spots of clove EO possessed bactericidal activity againstC. jejuni. Our findings show that clove EO has a marked antibacterial and potential virulence-modulating effect onC. jejuni.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates that the components of clove essential oil influence not only the expression of general stress genes but also the expression of virulence-associated genes. Based on this finding, alternative strategies can be worked on to control this important foodborne pathogen.

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Stress Response and Virulence Potential Modulating Effect of Peppermint Essential Oil inCampylobacter jejuni

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2971741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. K. Kovács ◽

P. Felső ◽

Gy. Horváth ◽

J. Schmidt ◽

Á. Dorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Sublethal Concentration ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Stress Genes ◽

General Stress ◽

Virulence Potential

Campylobacter jejuniis one of the most common food-borne bacteria that causes gastrointestinal symptoms. In the present study we have investigated the molecular basis of the anti-Campylobactereffect of peppermint essential oil (PEO), one of the oldest EO used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Transcriptomic, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and proteomic, two-dimensional polyacryl amid gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) methods have revealed that, in the presence of a sublethal concentration of PEO, the expression of several virulence-associated genes was decreased (cheY0.84x;flhB0.79x;flgE0.205x;cadF0.08x;wlaB0.89x;porA0.25x;cbf24.3x) while impaired motility was revealed with a functional analysis. Scanning electron micrographs of the exposed cells showed that, unlike in the presence of other stresses, the originally curvedC. jejunicells straightened upon PEO exposure. Gaining insight into the molecular background of this stress response, we have revealed that in the presence of PEOC. jejunidominantly exerts a general stress response that elevates the expression of general stress genes likednaK,groEL,groES(10.41x, 3.63x, and 4.77x). The most important genesdps,sodB, andkatAinvolved in oxidative stress responses showed however moderate transcriptional elevations (1,58x, 1,55x, and 1,85x).

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REVIEW : KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN DAYA IRITASI MINYAK ATSIRI BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) DALAM BEBERAPA TIPE BASIS SEBAGAI ANTI-INFLAMASI

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v5i2.527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 364-375

Author(s):

Amraini Amelia ◽

◽

Nining Sugihartini ◽

Hari Susanti ◽

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Research Method ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Clove Essential Oil ◽

Soluble Base ◽

Essential Oil Formulations

This review aims to determine the types of bases that can be used every day, which are effective and efficient as anti-inflammatory drugs. The research method used was to review the development of clove essential oil formulations that have been carried out using various concentrations of various types of bases including M / A type cream, A / M type cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorbents. The recommended formulation is type M / A cream with a concentration of 5% clove flower essential oil. The types of bases studied were M / A cream, type A / M cream, water soluble base, lotion, emulgel, hydrocarbons, hydrogels and absorption properties which had good physical properties and did not irritate the skin of the test animals. This review refers to several national and international journals released in the last ten years, from 2010 to 2020.

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Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) essential oil: an alternative for the sanitization of citrus fruit in packinghouses

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.15496 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tiago Soraggi Battagin ◽

Mario Nicolas Caccalano ◽

Guilherme Dilarri ◽

Caio Felipe Cavicchia Zamuner ◽

Natália Alleoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Clove Essential Oil

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Campylobacter jejuni Triggers Signaling through Host Cell Focal Adhesions To Inhibit Cell Motility

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01494-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Courtney M. Klappenbach ◽

Nicholas M. Negretti ◽

Jesse Aaron ◽

Teng-Leong Chew ◽

Michael E. Konkel

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Motility ◽

Host Cell ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Focal Adhesion ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Focal Adhesions ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Content Type ◽

And Function

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe gastritis. We investigated the dynamics of focal adhesion structure and function in C. jejuni -infected epithelial cells.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Chickens in Central China

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01303-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yiluo Cheng ◽

Wenting Zhang ◽

Qin Lu ◽

Guoyuan Wen ◽

Qingping Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Central China ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Content Type

Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that plays an important role in spreading drug resistance. We report the draft genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant C. jejuni isolates which contained similar mutations in the CmeR box. This will improve the understanding of C. jejuni antimicrobial resistance and genetic characteristics.

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Genetics behind the Biosynthesis of Nonulosonic Acid-Containing Lipooligosaccharides inCampylobacter coli

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00759-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 201 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Alejandra Kolehmainen ◽

Mirko Rossi ◽

Jacek Stupak ◽

Jianjun Li ◽

Michel Gilbert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Foodborne Pathogen ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Large Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Donor And Acceptor ◽

Nonulosonic Acid ◽

Acute Polyneuropathy

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliare the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Ganglioside mimicry byC. jejunilipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the triggering factor of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute polyneuropathy. Sialyltransferases from glycosyltransferase family 42 (GT-42) are essential for the expression of ganglioside mimics inC. jejuni. Recently, two novel GT-42 genes,cstIVandcstV, have been identified inC. coli. Despite being present in ∼11% of currently availableC. coligenomes, the biological role ofcstIVandcstVis unknown. In the present investigation, mutation studies with two strains expressing eithercstIVorcstVwere performed and mass spectrometry was used to investigate differences in the chemical composition of LOS. Attempts were made to identify donor and acceptor molecules usingin vitroactivity tests with recombinant GT-42 enzymes. Here we show that CstIV and CstV are involved inC. coliLOS biosynthesis. In particular,cstVis associated with LOS sialylation, whilecstIVis linked to the addition of a diacetylated nonulosonic acid residue.IMPORTANCEDespite the fact thatCampylobacter colia major foodborne pathogen, its glycobiology has been largely neglected. The genetic makeup of theC. colilipooligosaccharide biosynthesis locus was largely unknown until recently.C. coliharbors a large set of genes associated with lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis, including genes for several putative glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of sialylated lipooligosaccharide inCampylobacter jejuni. In the present study,C. coliwas found to express lipooligosaccharide structures containing sialic acid and other nonulosonate acids. These findings have a strong impact on our understanding ofC. coliecology, host-pathogen interaction, and pathogenesis.

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Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Activity against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Biofilm on Technical Surfaces

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153334 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3334

Author(s):

Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽

Agnieszka Tyfa ◽

Dariusz Laskowski ◽

Aleksandra Plucińska ◽

Katarzyna Rajkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Plate Count ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Alicyclobacillus Acidoterrestris ◽

Agitated Culture ◽

Clove Essential Oil ◽

Biofilm Development

Acidotermophilic bacteria Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is one of the main contaminants in the fruit industry forming biofilms which are difficult to remove from the production line by conventional methods. An alternative approach aims for the use of essential oils to prevent Alicyclobacillus biofilm development. The effect of clove essential oil on A. acidoterrestris biofilms on glass and polyvinyl chloride surfaces under static and agitated culture conditions was investigated by atomic force microscopy and the plate count method. The medium-flow and the type of technical surface significantly influenced A. acidoterrestris biofilm. The PVC was colonized in a greater extent comparing to glass. Clove essential oil in 0.05% (v/v) caused 25.1–65.0% reduction of biofilms on the technical surfaces along with substantial changes in their morphology by a decrease in the biofilm: height, surface roughness, and surface area difference. The oil also induced alteration in individual bacterial cells length and visible increase of their roughness. Clove essential oil seems to release EPS from biofilm and thus induce detachment of bacteria from the surface. Due to anti-A. acidoterrestris biofilm activity, the clove oil may be used in the juice industry to hinder a development of A. acidoterrestris biofilms on production surfaces.

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Development of a Millet Starch Edible Film Containing Clove Essential Oil

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9020184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 184 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alaa G. Al-Hashimi ◽

Altemimi B. Ammar ◽

Lakshmanan G. ◽

Francesco Cacciola ◽

Naoufal Lakhssassi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Control Sample ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Film ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Preservation Method ◽

Clove Essential Oil

Medicinal plants contain various secondary metabolites. The present study analyzed the essential oil of buds from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.; Family: Myrtaceae) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of six major phytoconstituents, such as eugenol (66.01%), caryophyllene (19.88%), caryophyllene oxide (5.80%), phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (4.55%), and humulene (3.75%). The effect of clove essential oils (CEO) at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) on the mechanical and barrier properties of starch films was evaluated. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation (E) of films with clove essential oil were 6.25 ± 0.03 MPa and 5.67% ± 0.08%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the films significantly increased the millet starch film and presented the lowest antioxidant activity (0.3%) at a 30 minute incubation for the control sample, while increasing CEO fraction in the starch film lead to an increase in antioxidant activity, and the 3% CEO combined film presented the highest antioxidant activity (15.96%) at 90 min incubation. This finding could be explained by the incorporation of clove oil containing antioxidant properties that significantly increased with the incorporation of CEO (p < 0.05). A zone of inhibition ranging from 16 to 27 mm in diameter was obtained when using a concentration of CEO ranging from 1% to 3%. We also observed the presence of an antimicrobial activity on several tested microorganism including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Trichoderma fungi. Thus, the current study reveals the possibility of using a millet starch edible film as a preservation method.

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Insecticide activity of clove essential oil on bean weevil and maize weevil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n1p72-77 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 72-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Carlos F. Jairoce ◽

Cristiano M. Teixeira ◽

Camila F. P. Nunes ◽

Adrise M. Nunes ◽

Claudio M. P. Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Bean Weevil ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Clove Essential Oil

ABSTRACT Bean weevil and maize weevil can cause considerable damage to stored grains. These insects are mainly controlled with synthetic chemical insecticides, which may bring serious problems to human and environmental health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the essential oil of clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry (Myrtaceae) (origin: Bahia, season Sep.2014-Feb.2015)] in the control of S. zeamais and A. obtectus under laboratory conditions. The essential oil was extracted through the classic hydrodistillation process and its chemical components were identified via gas chromatography. Oil efficiency was tested at the doses of 35, 17.9, 8.9, 3.6, 1.8, 0.4 and 0.2 μL g-1 (derived from a pilot study) for insect control and the LC50 was determined. The results showed that eugenol was the major compound. The essential oil caused mortality of 100% for both species 48 h after treatment with the concentrations of 17.9 and 35 μL g-1. The LC50 for A. obtectus was 9.45 μL g-1, against 10.15 μL g-1 for S. zeamais. The use of clove essential oil represents a promising alternative to be used under storage conditions for the integrated management of stored grains pests.

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Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.010538-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (11) ◽

pp. 1454-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 226

Author(s):

Eugénia Pinto ◽

Luís Vale-Silva ◽

Carlos Cavaleiro ◽

Lígia Salgueiro

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Fungal Cell ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Clove Essential Oil

The composition and antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, were studied. Clove oil was obtained commercially and analysed by GC and GC-MS. The EO analysed showed a high content of eugenol (85.3 %). MICs, determined according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols, and minimum fungicidal concentration were used to evaluate the antifungal activity of the clove oil and its main component, eugenol, against Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte clinical and American Type Culture Collection strains. The EO and eugenol showed inhibitory activity against all the tested strains. To clarify its mechanism of action on yeasts and filamentous fungi, flow cytometric and inhibition of ergosterol synthesis studies were performed. Propidium iodide rapidly penetrated the majority of the yeast cells when the cells were treated with concentrations just over the MICs, meaning that the fungicidal effect resulted from an extensive lesion of the cell membrane. Clove oil and eugenol also caused a considerable reduction in the quantity of ergosterol, a specific fungal cell membrane component. Germ tube formation by Candida albicans was completely or almost completely inhibited by oil and eugenol concentrations below the MIC values. The present study indicates that clove oil and eugenol have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains, deserving further investigation for clinical application in the treatment of fungal infections.

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