scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Produce

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3133-3137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette M. Johnston ◽  
Lee-Ann Jaykus
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce harvested in the southwestern United States. Among the 185 Enterococcus isolates obtained, 97 (52%) were Enterococcus faecium, 38 (21%) were Enterococcus faecalis, and 50 (27%) were other Enterococcus species. Of human clinical importance, E. faecium strains had a much higher prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin than E. faecalis. E. faecalis strains had a low prevalence of resistance to antibiotics used to treat E. faecalis infections of both clinical and of agricultural relevance, excluding its intrinsic resistance patterns. Thirty-four percent of the isolates had multiple-drug-resistance patterns, excluding intrinsic resistance. Data on the prevalence and types of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus species isolated from fresh produce may be used to describe baseline antibiotic susceptibility profiles associated with Enterococcus spp. isolated from the environment. The data collected may also help elucidate the role of foods in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains to human populations.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of non-typhi salmonellae in Turkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YILDIRMAK ◽  
A. YAZGAN ◽  
G. OZCENGIZ
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A total of 259 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) were examined for antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid content. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AM), aztreonam (ATM), carbenicillin (CB), cefixime (CFM), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO), chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (GM), imipenem (IPM), ofloxacin (OFX), tetracycline (TE), trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole (SXT). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains comprised 19·3% of the total isolates (50/259) and almost all were S. typhimurium (49/50). Fifteen different patterns of resistance was observed, AM/CB/C/AMC/TE and AM/CB/C/AMC/SXT/GM/CTX/CRO/CAZ/CFM/ATM being the most frequent patterns. Twenty-eight out of 50 multiresistant isolates were found to contain at least one plasmid (mean five) and the size of the plasmids ranged between 1·7 and 158 kb. Plasmid profiles of multi-resistant NTS strains were heterogenous as 21 different profiles were detected in a total of 28 plasmid-bearing isolates. No direct correlation was established between antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles.

scholarly journals Emergence of multiple drug resistance Vibrio cholerae O1 in East Delhi

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukla Das ◽  
Shilpee Choudhry ◽  
Rumpa Saha ◽  
Vishnampettai Ganapathysubramanian Ramachandran ◽  
Kamaldeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Phage Typing ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Secretory Diarrhoea ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Considering the changing geographical and temporal occurrence of Vibrio cholerae, there is a continuing need to monitor the strain characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to document the changing biology of V. cholerae isolates in and around Delhi, India, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A total of 1,424 stool samples or rectal swabs from patients with acute secretory diarrhoea admitted to Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, between January 2007 and December 2009 were processed using standard bacteriological methods. Strains identified as V. cholerae were further subjected to serogrouping, phage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin and tetracycline was determined. Results: V. cholerae was isolated in 242/1,424 (17.0%) specimens. Of these, the majority were V. cholerae O1 serotype (98.3%) and serovar Ogawa. The drugs to which V. cholerae O1 isolates showed high levels of resistance were nalidixic acid, furazolidone, and cotrimoxazole throughout the study period, whereas strains were usually susceptible to chloramphenicol and cefotaxime. In 2007, there was a sudden increase of resistance to gentamicin and tetracycline, followed by a slow reversal to previous levels in subsequent years. The phage typing pattern (Basu and Mukherjee scheme) showed a dominance of phage type 2 throughout the study period. Conclusion: The importance of reporting all cases of V. cholerae, should be greatly emphasized, with the ultimate goal of understanding the constantly changing resistance patterns of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3549-3554
Author(s):  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
Mihaela Ilie ◽  
Gina Ghita ◽  
Ioana Savin ◽  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistance Rates

Twenty-two groundwater sources mainly used for drinking purpose in Bucharest peri-urban area were investigated for assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological quality with a view to determining its potential risk to public health. Results of chemical analysis revealed that nitrites, sulphates and chlorides were below the permissible levels, while 63.64% of the analysed groundwater sources exceeded the maximum admissible concentration for nitrates, with concentration variations ranging from 67.27 to 523.19 mg/L. The bacteriological analysis showed that in about 63% of groundwater sources total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC and the Romanian Law. Another aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative strains isolated from groundwater sources. There observed the resistance to many antibiotics, particularly: ticarcillin (80%), aztreonam (29%), gentamicin (11%), imipenem (9%), ceftriaxone (9%), ceftazidime (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). Significant higher resistance rates were observed in strains isolated from shallow groundwater sources as compared with strains isolated from deep groundwater sources. Pseudomonas sp. (26%) isolates with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were encountered. The results of the study revealed a bacteriological contamination and high levels of nitrate concentrations in most of the groundwater samples, which could pose an important risk to human health.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Presence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
H Sukur ◽  
OM Esendal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of commensal microorganisms residing on the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals. Until recently, they have been regarded as non-pathogenic to livestock and companion animals, but since then, their clinical importance in veterinary medicine has increased with the discovery of their potential pathogenic roles in animals causing skin and soft tissue infections together with spontaneous abortions and mastitis. Scientific data concerning the presence of CoNS in North Cyprus are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported herein was to investigate the presence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of CoNS species isolated from various animals presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in North Cyprus between July 2018 and 2019. Staphylococci were isolated from 37.0% (87/235) of the samples submitted, within which 60.9% (53/87) and 39.1% (34/87) were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. Among the CoNS, S. chromogenes was the most predominantly isolated species (14/34, 41.2%), followed by S. capitis (5/34, 14.7%) and S. simulans (4/34, 11.8%). Of these 34 CoNS, 24 (70.6%) and 10 (29.4%) were identified as MRCoNS and MSCoNS, respectively. The CoNS isolates showed relatively high levels of resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (19/34, 55.9%), tetracycline (14/34, 41.2%) and penicillin (13/34, 38.2%). In conclusion, the presence of CoNS, especially MRCoNS, and the detection of multiple drug resistant (MDR) species with a high prevalence were regarded as being important since they might limit and have negative effects on the therapeutic treatment options of staphylococcal infections in animals, and might have both public and veterinary concerns.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in Kwara State.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
O.C. Adekunle ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
G. Odewale ◽  
R.O. Ojedele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Health Institutions

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and imipenem was documented. The prevalence of bla VIM , ,bla CTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 % and 16.7 % respectively.Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo â-lactamase- producing and antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Keywords: Metallo â-lactamase enzyme, P. aeruginosa, clinical samples, antibiotic-resistance genes

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam: a north eastern state of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajanta Sharma ◽  
Bornali Sarmah Dutta ◽  
Debajit Rabha ◽  
Elmy Samsun Rasul ◽  
Naba Kumar Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
El Tor

Background and Objectives: Information on the genetic epidemiology of cholera in Assam, a northeastern state of India is lacking despite cholera being a major public health problem. The study aimed to determine the virulence genes and genes encoding antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae isolates and to determine the prevalent genotypes based on the presence or absence of the virulence genes and ctxB genotype. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five V. cholerae strains were subjected to conventional biotyping and serotyping followed by multiplex PCR to detect ctxA, ctxB, zot, ace, O1rfb, tcpA, ompU, ompW, rtxC, hly and toxR and antibiotic resistance genes. Cholera toxin B (ctxB) gene was amplified followed by sequencing. Results: All the V. cholerae O1 isolates were El Tor Ogawa and showed the presence of the core toxin region representing the genome of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXø. The complete cassette of virulence genes was seen in 48% of the isolates which was the predominant genotype. All the isolates possessed amino acid sequences identical to the El Tor ctxB subunit of genotype 3. sulII gene was detected in 68% of the isolates, dfrA1 in 88%, strB in 48% and SXT gene was detected in 36% of the isolates. Conclusion: Toxigenic V. cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa strains of ctxB genotype 3 carrying a large pool of virulence genes are prevailing in Assam. Presence of a transmissible genetic element SXT in 36% of the strains is of major concern as it indicates the emergence of multiple drug resistance among the V. cholerae isolates.  

scholarly journals Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Momtaz A. Shahein ◽  
Amany N. Dapgh ◽  
Essam Kamel ◽  
Samah F. Ali ◽  
Eman A. Khairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

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