Comparative study on prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on three criteria among adults in Zhejiang province, China: an observational study

ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Chinese adults, describe the disease components and compare utility of the existing international criteria and Chinese diagnostic criteria.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective database analysis was conducted for one hospital in Zhejiang province, China. We analysed data (collected in 2017) from a total of 64 902 participants (37 500 males and 27 402 females), aged between 18 and 97 years, and who met the eligibility criteria.Main outcome measuresWe employed three criteria for MetS proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, the 2009 Joint Scientific Statement (harmonising criteria) and the China Diabetes Society (CDS) in 2013 to detect prevalence of MetS. Specifically, we analysed waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsWe found an estimated age-adjusted MetS prevalence of 20.4% using IDF 2005, 30.0% based on harmonising criteria 2009 and 16.3% under the CDS 2013. This prevalence was higher in males, older adults and increased body mass index. Analysis of agreements among the criteria were 87.2% (IDF and CDS), 87.1% (IDF and harmonising criteria) and 81.6% (CDS and harmonising criteria), while their kappa coefficients were 0.641, 0.708 and 0.572 for IDF versus CDS, IDF versus harmonising criteria and CDS versus harmonising criteria, respectively. The most prevalent MetS component was abdominal obesity (50.1%), followed by dyslipidaemia (49.5%) and hypertension (46.8%) using harmonising criteria.ConclusionThese findings revealed moderate agreement among the three criteria with utility in Chinese clinical settings. The harmonising criteria 2009 performed better in early identification of MetS in the Chinese population.

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The Endocrine and Metabolic Characteristics of a Large Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Clinic Population

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2017-01459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1834-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Safa Mujahid ◽

Katharine F Hunt ◽

Yee S Cheah ◽

Elizabeth Forsythe ◽

Jonathan M Hazlehurst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Matched Control ◽

Genetic Diagnosis ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Bardet Biedl Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Characteristics ◽

Control Subjects ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Context Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which previous reports have described obesity and a metabolic syndrome. Objective We describe the endocrine and metabolic characteristics of a large BBS population compared with matched control subjects. Design We performed a case-control study. Setting This study was performed at a hospital clinic. Patients Study patients had a clinical or genetic diagnosis of BBS. Main Outcome Measurements Our study determined the prevalence of a metabolic syndrome in our cohort. Results A total of 152 subjects were studied. Eighty-four (55.3%) were male. Mean (± standard deviation) age was 33.2 ± 1.0 years. Compared with age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched control subjects, fasting glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in subjects with BBS (glucose: BBS, 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs control, 4.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L, P = 0.04; insulin: BBS, 24.2 ± 17.0 pmol/L vs control, 14.2 ± 14.8 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly higher in subjects with BBS (2.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L) compared with control subjects (1.3 ± 0.8 mmol/L; P < 0.001), but total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein were similar in both groups. Systolic blood pressure was higher in the BBS group (BBS, 135 ± 18 mm Hg vs control subjects, 129 ± 16 mm Hg; P = 0.02). Alanine transaminase was raised in 34 (26.8%) subjects with BBS, compared with five (8.9%) control subjects (P = 0.01). The rate of metabolic syndrome, determined using International Diabetes Federation criteria, was significantly higher in the BBS group (54.3%) compared with control subjects (26% P < 0.001). Twenty-six (19.5%) of male subjects with BBS were hypogonadal (serum testosterone, 9.9 ± 5.3 mmol/L), but significant pituitary abnormalities were uncommon. Subclinical hypothyroidism was present in 24 of 125 (19.4%) patients with BBS, compared with 3 of 65 (4.6%) control subjects (P = 0.01). Conclusions Insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are increased in adult patients with BBS compared with matched control subjects. Increased subclinical hypothyroidism in the BBS cohort needs further investigation.

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Investigating The Definitions of Metabolic Syndrome Among High School Students in Taipei and The Optimal Cutoff Points of Relevant Risk Factors

10.21203/rs.3.rs-34076/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shao Chia Chiu Lin ◽

Mei-Ju Chen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High School ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High School Students ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Discriminatory Power ◽

School Students ◽

Optimal Cutoff ◽

Cutoff Points

Abstract Background: The effects of different definitions for metabolic syndrome (MetS) on its prevalence were examined, and the differences in the discriminatory power, as well as the optimal cutoff points of relevant risk factors, were analyzed in this study. Methods: 45,756 health checkup data sets from 2011 to 2014 of high school students aged between 15 to 17 years were sourced in Taipei city. The database included the students’ gender, age, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as biochemical markers such as triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose (FG) levels. The ROC curve statistical approach was used to analyze the discriminatory power and optimal cutoff points of the relevant MetS risk factors. Results: The prevalence of MetS among adolescents in Taipei was 2.3% and 1.2%, according to the criteria of the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) respectively. The prevalence increased to 4.3% when this study’s criteria were used. Among the components of MetS analyzed, WC and TG had stronger discriminatory powers, while FG had the weakest. The optimal cutoff point for WC was approximately the 90 th percentile, while that for the TG was similar to the criteria of the modified NCEP ATP III. About 44.6% of adolescents had at least one MetS component. Body mass index also had good discriminatory power. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS differs depending on the diagnostic criteria used. Redefining the cutoff points for the components of MetS in adolescents in different regions, as well as further screening and intervention, are crucial to prevent cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.

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Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adolescents / Fatores de risco para síndrome metabólica em adolescentes /

Revista de Enfermagem da UFPI ◽

10.26694/reufpi.v3i2.2010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Adult Treatment ◽

Adult Treatment Panel ◽

Sindrome Metabolica

No Brasil, a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) é desconhecida em várias regiões, e pouco estudada em diferentes populações. Isso porque, é proveniente da globalização, indicador inerente à modificação do estilo de vida da sociedade. Esta síndrome associa-se a Doenças Crônicas Não-Transmissíveis (DCNT), especialmente as cardiovasculares. E por ser multifatorial, destacam-se os níveis pressóricos e glicêmicos elevados, fatores-problema no desenvolvimento de complicações. A SM é um transtorno complexo representado por um conjunto de fatores de risco cardiovascular (a hipertensão arterial, a dislipidemia, a obesidade visceral e as manifestações de disfunção endotelial), usualmente relacionados à disposição central de gordura e à resistência à insulina(1). As três principais definições clínicas da SM em adultos utilizadas são as propostas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), pelo National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) e pela International Diabetes Federation (IDF)(2). E em adolescentes existem adaptações(3-4). Assim, são fatores de risco para SM agregação de excesso de peso ou adiposidade central, hipertensão arterial, elevação dos triglicerídeos, diminuição do colesterol HDL (high density lipoprotein) e intolerância à glicose/resistência à insulina/diabetes mellitus tipo II (DMII). A prevalência de síndrome metabólica é variável, em função dos diferentes critérios diagnósticos utilizados. Na população pediátrica, as frequências de síndrome metabólica variam de 4,2% a 9,2%, com aumento na prevalência quando se consideram crianças e adolescentes obesos para 17,3% e 35,5%. Alguns estudos destacam que os componentes mais frequentes no diagnóstico de síndrome metabólica são a aumentada circunferência abdominal (88,1%) e pressão arterial (47,5%), seguidos de maior concentração de triglicerídeos (23,4%) e de baixo HDL-colesterol (23,3%)(5). Em se tratando do estado do Piauí, a busca à literatura revelou que até o presente momento, existe uma pesquisa em conclusão com foco na SM entre universitários e outras que iniciaram em 2014 com escolares, incluindo crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas e privadas. Consequentemente, ainda não se conhece a sua prevalência nesses locais, assim como, não se conhece a prevalência da SM em populações específicas, como em adolescentes escolares. Levando em consideração as informações descritas anteriormente sobre os possíveis agravos que a SM pode causar, a associação às doenças cardiovasculares e ao DM2, acredita-se que a pesquisa sobre os fatores de risco para SM seja de extrema importância ao trazer dados iniciais sobre a SM, o que deverá suscitar o planejamento e a implementação de ações que tenham impacto na promoção da saúde dos estudantes.

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Association of Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid 16189 Variant (T→C Transition) with Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-0227 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 5037-5040 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Shao-Wen Weng ◽

Chia-Wei Liou ◽

Tsu-Kung Lin ◽

Yau-Huei Wei ◽

Cheng-Feng Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽

Wild Type ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Individual Traits ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Individual ◽

Chinese Subjects

Abstract Objective: A common variant in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at bp 16189 (T→C transition) has been associated with small birth size, adulthood hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance in Caucasians. In this study, we investigated whether mtDNA 16189 variant is associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese subjects. Methods: Six hundred fifteen Chinese adults, aged 40 yr or older, were recruited in this study. The 16189 variant of mtDNA was detected using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed on modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, using body mass index (BMI) instead of waist circumference. An association study was performed with χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of the 16189 variant was higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than in those without: 44% (125 of 284) vs. 33.2% (110 of 331) (P = 0.006). The association between this 16189 variant of mtDNA and metabolic syndrome (P = 0.021) remained significant even after correcting for age and BMI. As to the individual traits, the prevalence of fasting plasma glucose of at least 110 mg/dl (≥6.1 mmol/liter) [(51.5% (121 of 235) vs. 42.1% (160 of 380); P = 0.023], type 2 diabetes mellitus [48.1% (113 of 235) vs. 39.2% (149 of 380); P = 0.031], and hypertriglyceridemia [44.3% (104 of 235) vs. 35.8% (136 of 380); P = 0.037] were significantly higher in subjects harboring the 16189 variant of mtDNA than those with the wild type. However, the prevalence of hypertension [53.2% (125 of 235) vs. 47.6% (181 of 380); P = 0.180], BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 [48.5% (114 of 235) vs. 43.9% (167 of 380); P = 0.270], and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [61.3% (144 of 235) vs. 54.7% (208 of 380); P = 0.111] did not reach a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, there was a trend of increasing frequency of occurrence of the 16189 variant in individuals having an increasing number of components of metabolic syndrome (Ptrend < 0.005). Conclusion: Our data strongly suggest that mtDNA 16189 variant underlies susceptibility to metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population.

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Habitual tea consumption and 5-year incident metabolic syndrome among older adults: a community-based cohort study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02707-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xing-Xuan Dong ◽

Rui-Rui Wang ◽

Jie-Yu Liu ◽

Qing-Hua Ma ◽

Chen-Wei Pan

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cumulative Incidence ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Tea Consumption ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Aged Population ◽

Prospective Association ◽

Older Chinese

Abstract Background The effect of tea consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The objective of this study is to examine the prospective association of tea consumption with 5-year incident MetS among aged population in China. Methods This analysis included 3005 Chinese adults aged 60 years or older who were free of MetS at baseline examination. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. Information regarding tea consumption was collected via an interviewer-administrated questionnaire. The prospective associations between tea consumption at baseline and 5-year incident MetS, as well as its individual components, were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. Results Of the 3005 participants free of MetS at baseline, 406 participants (cumulative incidence: 13.5%) developed MetS at the 5-year follow-up examination. In multiple logistic regressions, 5-year cumulative incidence of MetS was found to be higher in those who drank tea more than 5 times per week as compared with non-habitual drinkers (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.82; P = 0.02). This relationship still existed in men (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.01; P = 0.05) when stratified by gender. Among the five major components of MetS, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in men, while high body mass index, elevated blood pressure and the presence of diabetes mellitus were significant in women. Conclusions High-frequent tea consumption increased the risk of MetS among older Chinese adults. These findings may add novel knowledge to the current studies regarding the controversial effect of tea consumption on cardiovascular and metabolic health among the aged population.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in 25—45-year-old Novosibirsk dwellers

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.17116/terarkh2016881051-56 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (10) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M I Voevoda ◽

N A Kovalkova ◽

Yu I Ragino ◽

N Yu Travnikova ◽

D V Denisova

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Research Society ◽

Population Based ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Detection Evaluation ◽

Population Based Survey

Aim. To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in a 25—45-year-old Novosibirsk population. Subjects and methods. The Novosibirsk Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey in one of the typical districts of Novosibirsk in 2013—2015. The survey covered 346 men and 408 women. The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP-ATP III, 2001), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2005), the Joint Interim Statement (JIS, 2009), and the All-Russian Research Society of Cardiologists (ARRSC, 2009) were used to detect MS. According to the ARRSC criteria, MS was recorded if a waist circumference (WC) was >80 cm for women and >94 cm for men in conjunction with 2 of the following criteria: a blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg, triglycerides (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/l, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

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Hyperuricemia is associated with metabolic syndrome in the community very elderly in Chengdu

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-65605-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gang Huang ◽

Junbo Xu ◽

Tingjie Zhang ◽

Lin Cai ◽

Hanxiong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Very Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Elderly Chinese

Abstract Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular metabolic diseases. However, in the very elderly, the relationship between hyperuricemia and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not yet clear. This study was aimed to investigate the potential association between hyperuricemia and MetS in community very elderly in Chengdu. In this cross-sectional study, 1056 very elderly in the community were enrolled. Serum uric acid (SUA), fast plasma glucose, triglycerides and high–density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured, and then MetS components were calculated. Logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors for MetS in the very elderly. Finally, 1035 participants were included in analysis whose ages ranged between 80 and 100 with a mean age of 83.6 ± 3.4 years. The mean SUA level was 356.2 ± 95.0 µmol/L. The estimated prevalence of MetS in the very elderly was 25.0% vs. 21.6% (international diabetes federation (IDF) criteria vs. Chinese guideline), which was significantly higher for women (IDF criteria:17.3% in men vs 33.6% in women, p < 0.001). Logistic regression has found that participants with hyperuricemia (SUA level > 416 µmol/L in men and > 357 µmol/L in women) had a higher risk (IDF criteria: odds ratio (OR): 2.136, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.525–2.993, p < 0.001. Chinese guideline: OR: 1.769, 95%CI: 1.249–2.503, p = 0.001) of MetS in very elderly Chinese. MetS is common in the community of very elderly Chinese in Chengdu. Hyperuricemia is associated with MetS in general very elderly and lifestyle changing should also be considered in the very elderly.

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Increased Aldehyde Formation as a Key Component of the Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: A Machine Learning Study

10.20944/preprints202006.0283.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kamila Bonifacio ◽

Michael Maes ◽

Carine de Farias ◽

Andressa Matsumoto ◽

Crisieli Tomereli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Task Force ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Support Vector ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽

Radical Trapping ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

Purpose: To investigate the alterations in nitro-oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant status in adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and whether these alterations occur independently from effects of overweight or obesity.Methods: Blood was collected in 47 adolescents with MetS and 94 adolescents without MetS as assessed with the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria were used to classify the subjects into those with overweight or obesity. We measured nitro-oxidative biomarkers including nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant biomarkers, i.e. total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), paraoxonase (PON)-1 activity, thiol (SH-) groups, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that increased MDA and NOx and a lowered TRAP/uric acid ratio were associated with MetS. Machine learning including soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) showed that the top-3 most important features of MetS were increased glucose and MDA and lowered HDL-C. Support vector machine using MDA, glucose, insulin, HDL-C, triglycerides and body mass index as input variables yielded a 10-fold cross-validated accuracy of 89.8% when discriminating MetS from controls. The association between MetS and increased MDA was independent from the effects of overweight-obesity. glucose, insulin, triglycerides and HDL-C.Conclusion: In adolescents, increased MDA formation is a key component of MetS, indicating that increased production of reactive oxygen species with consequent lipid peroxidation and aldehyde formation participate in the development of MetS.

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Association of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Phenotypes with the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) in Early Adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-836884/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Majid Valizadeh ◽

Erfan Tasdighi ◽

Maryam Barzin ◽

Ramyar Hariri ◽

Maryam Mahdavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Metabolic Phenotypes ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during adolescence has shown an increasing trend. This study aimed to investigate the association of MetS and metabolic phenotypes with a high carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in early adulthood in the framework of a large cohort study. Methods: MetS was defined as proposed by Cook, de Ferranti, the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and the pediatric International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Metabolic phenotypes were defined based on the binary clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. The participants were followed up for 18.2 years. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for a high CIMT incidence (≥95th percentile).Results: In this study, 862 adolescents (52.3% males), with the mean age of 13.4±2.2 years, were included. The presence of MetS, based on the definitions proposed by Cook (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.01-3.57, P=0.046) and de Ferranti (OR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.04-2.90, P=0.033), was associated with the increased risk of a high CIMT in early adulthood. Metabolic phenotypes, including high waist circumference (WC)/hypertension (HTN), high WC/low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and high triglyceride (TG)/high WC, showed higher risks of a high CIMT. However, these positive associations become insignificant after adjusting for the adulthood BMI, except for the high WC/low HDL-C phenotype (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.02-4.11, P=0.044). Conclusion: The high WC/low HDL-C phenotype had a better predictive value and could be used as a simpler alternative for MetS to identify adolescents with a higher risk of high CIMT during early adulthood.

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Urbanization-gradient-, gender- and age-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome abnormal components and their accumulation in adults in Burkina Faso: analysis of the first national data

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74451/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jeoffray Diendéré ◽

Ahmed Kaboré ◽

Jean Kaboré ◽

Hermann Lanou ◽

Habib Fofana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Age Groups ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Urbanization Gradient ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Background: Accumulation of metabolic syndrome abnormal components dramatically increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the specific prevalence of abnormal components according to the urbanization gradient, gender and age, with the cumulative number of abnormalities in Burkinabè, using nationally representative data.Methods: Data of 4365 participants to the Burkina Faso 2013 Stepwise approach to Surveillance study were analysed, including sociodemographic parameters (with age-groups of 25-34; 35-44; 45-54 and 55-64y), components defined with the International Diabetes Federation criteria (waist circumference [WC], blood pressure [BP], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], fasting blood glucose [FBG]). The urbanization gradient was the four quartiles of the regional urbanization rates.Results: Between quartiles, prevalences (%) of abnormal components significantly differed and the extremes were: 71.1-81.2 in men(♂), 75.9-81.2 in women(♀) for low HDL-C; 32.8-48.2(♂), 21.5-51.6(♀) for elevated BP; 3.4-7.3(♂), 30.8-45.5(♀) for high WC; 6.2-11.0(♂), 6.7-14.2(♀) for high FBG; 2.8-7.3(♂), 9.6-24.0(♀) for individuals who cumulated at least three abnormalities; and the extreme means in cumulative number of abnormalities were 1.3-1.5(♂), 1.4-1.9(♀). Between age-groups, prevalences significantly differed and the extremes were: 71.9-81.6(♂), 71.8-83.1(♀) for low HDL-C; 32.3-49.1(♂), 23.8-30.3(♀) for elevated BP; 2.0-14.0(♂), 24.8-65.3(♀) for high WC; 6.4-13.0(♂), 5.5-10.4(♀) for high FBG; 2.5-12.0(♂), 8.5-25.8(♀) for individuals who cumulated at least three abnormalities; and the extreme means in number of abnormalities were 1.2-1.4(♂), 1.4-1.9(♀).Conclusion: The low HDL-C was nationally prevalent and could serve as a background to the metabolic abnormalities’ accumulation, which worsened with the process of urbanization and demographic transition, and more severely in women.

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