scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease and/or stroke: a cross-sectional nationally representative community-based study of adults in Malawi in 2017

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048167
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and/or stroke among adults in Malawi.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative sample of general adult population in Malawi.ParticipantsThe sample included 4187 persons aged 18–69 years (32 years of median age) that participated in the ‘2017 Malawi STEPwise Approach to Non-Communicable Disease Risk-Factor Surveillance survey.’Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-reported history of IHD and/or stroke, along with biological, behavioural, psychosocial stress and sociodemographic covariates. Multivariable logistic regression calculated OR with 95% CI for IHD and/or stroke.ResultsThe prevalence of IHD and/or stroke was 6.5%, 4.4% among men and 8.4% among women. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, older age (50–69 years) (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.49, 95% CI 1.75 to 6.94), female sex (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.01), Chewa speaking (AOR 4.62, 95% CI 1.32 to 16.22), English speaking (AOR 5.63, 95% CI 1.43 to 22.19), suicidal ideation, plan and/or attempt (AOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.11 to 3.13) and sedentary behaviour (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.59) were associated with IHD and/or stroke. In addition, in unadjusted analysis, non-paid or unemployed, urban residence, overweight, obesity and having hypertension were associated with IHD and/or stroke.ConclusionsAlmost 1 in 10 women and 1 in 20 men aged 18–69 years had IHD and/or stroke in Malawi. Several risk and protective factors were found that can be targeted in population health interventions.

scholarly journals Use of complementary medicine products: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 2019 Australian adults

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e024198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E Harnett ◽  
Erica McIntyre ◽  
Amie Steel ◽  
Hope Foley ◽  
David Sibbritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesTo provide a contemporary description of complementary medicine (CM) product use in Australia.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingOnline.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample (n=2019) of the Australian adult population.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes measures included the use and type of CM products used, and source of recommendation. Secondary measures included disclosure of CM product use to health practitioners, concomitant use of pharmaceuticals and predictors of use.ResultsPrevalence of CM product use was 50.3%, with the most frequently used being vitamin and mineral supplements (VMSs; 47.8%) and homoeopathic medicines the least used (6.8%). A majority of respondents using CM products were also using pharmaceutical products, and small but significant associations were found between the use of CM products and pharmaceuticals (p<0.05). Small statistically significant associations were found between use of vitamin products and disclosure of use to general practitioners (GPs; Cramer’s V=0.13, p=0.004) and hospital doctors (Cramer’s V=0.11, p=0.04), and between use of herbal medicines and disclosure to both GPs (Cramer’s V=0.11, p=0.02) and hospital doctors (Cramer’s V=0.12, p=0.03). Women, those with higher education and those with no private health insurance were more likely to use CM products (p<0.05), while those without chronic conditions were less likely to use CM products (p<0.05) (χ2(29)=174.70, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe number of Australians using CM products has remained relatively stable and substantial for nearly two decades. The majority of CM use relates to VMSs. Given the number of Australians using both CM products and pharmaceutical medicines, it is important to evaluate the potential clinical implications of such practices to ensure safe, effective and coordinated health policy and patient care.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and associated factors among Rwandan youth aged 15-34 years: Findings from a nationwide survey, 2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Habiyaremye ◽  
Samuel Rwunganira ◽  
Clarisse Musanabaganwa ◽  
Marie Aimée Muhimpundu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Province ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Current Tobacco

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of current tobacco use and identify associated factors among Rwandans aged 15-34 years.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study analysed secondary data collected during the nationally representative Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Surveillance survey conducted in 2013 to explore the prevalence of tobacco use in Rwanda and identify factors associated with tobacco use. This study analysed data collected from 3,900 youth participants (15-34 years old), selected using multistage cluster sampling technique. The overall proportion of current smokers, as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the sample were determined and multivariable logistic regression employed to identify factors independently associated with current tobacco use.ResultsThe prevalence (weighted) of current tobacco use (all forms) was 8% (95%CI: 7.08-9.01). Prevalence statistically significant was found in the following group: higher prevalence was found among males, young adults aged 24-34, youth with primary school education or less, those from Southern province, people with income (work in public, private organizations and self-employed) and young married adults.There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of tobacco use between participants from urban or rural areas (7.8% vs. 8.0%). Factors that were found to be associated with current tobacco use through the multivariate analysis included being a male, aged 25 years and above, having an income, and residing in Eastern, Kigali City and Southern Province compared to Western province.ConclusionThe association between smoking and sociodemographic characteristics among Rwandan youth identified in this study provides an opportunity for policy makers to tailor future policies, and implement coordinated, high-impact interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use among the youth.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994–2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5331
Author(s):  
Asta Raskiliene ◽  
Vilma Kriaucioniene ◽  
Jolanta Siudikiene ◽  
Janina Petkeviciene
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

This study aimed to examine 20-year trends (1994–2014) in self-reported oral health and oral hygiene and to assess the associated factors in a Lithuanian population aged 20–64 years. Nationally representative cross-sectional data on 8612 men and 11,719 women were obtained from 11 biennial postal surveys of Lithuanian health behavior monitoring. Dentate status was assessed by asking about the number of missing teeth. Over the study period, the proportion of men with all teeth increased from 17.5% to 23.0% and the same proportion increased in women—from 12.5% to 19.6%. The prevalence of edentulousness was 2.8% in 2014. The proportion of individuals brushing teeth at least twice a day increased from 14.6% to 31.9% in men and from 33.0% to 58.8% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, lower education, living in rural areas, daily smoking, confectionary consumption (only in women), obesity, no visits to a dentist during the past year, toothache and brushing teeth less than twice a day increased the odds of missing six or more teeth. Efforts should be made to promote good oral hygiene habits, prevent and control behavioral risk factors and increase access to dental care among risk groups.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Loneliness Among National Samples of In-School Adolescents in Four Caribbean Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096850
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Fruit ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
School Truancy

Background The goal of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of loneliness among adolescent school children in four Caribbean countries. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data were analysed from 9,143 adolescents (15 years=median age) that took part in the “2016 Dominican Republic, 2016 Suriname, 2017 Jamaica and 2017 Trinidad and Tobago “Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS).” Results The prevalence of loneliness was 15.3% in four Caribbean countries, ranging from 12.1% in Dominican Republic to 18.6% in Jamaica. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, female sex, having no close friends, older age, anxiety induced sleep disturbance, frequent bullying victimization (≥3 days/month), having been physically attacked, parental emotional neglect, having sustained multiple serious injuries (past year) and not eating fruit and vegetables were associated with loneliness. In addition, in sex stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis, among boys, daily exposure to passive smoking, and being from Suriname, and among girls, frequent experience of hunger, low peer support, trouble from drinking alcohol and high leisure-time sedentary behaviour (≥8 hrs/day) were associated with loneliness. Moreover, in addition to above results, in unadjusted analysis, involvement in physical fight, parents never check on homework, parental disrespect of privacy, frequent school truancy (≥3 days/month), current tobacco use, having no physical education and drinking frequently soft drinks (≥3/day) were associated with loneliness. Conclusion Almost one in six students reported loneliness and several associated factors were identified which can aid intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Conventional Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Shahedieh Cohort Population: Yazd, Central Part of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali dehghani ◽  
Habib Dehghani Ashkezari ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Mohammadhosein Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Abstract Background: The prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is increasing worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CHD and related risk factors in the population of Shahedieh cohort in Yazd, central Iran.Method: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on the data of the first phase of the Yazd Shahedieh cohort study, which started in 2016 and included about 10,000 people from the urban population of 35-70 years old in Yazd Shahedieh – Yazd, Iran. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables and Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression models were used for analysis by reporting the modified odds ratio. All analyzes were performed in SPSS 19 software with a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of the CHD was 8.08% (769 patients). The results of multiple binary logistic regression identified aging, low level of education, smoking, female gender, abnormal LDL, family history, diabetes and blood pressure as risk factors for CHD. The odds of getting CHD over the age of 60 was about 6 times than those aged 30-40, in the illiterate people it was about two times than the university. Smoking, family history, hypertension and diabetes increased the odds of getting CHD by 1.67, 1.59, 3.48 and 1.64. Smoking, family history, hypertension and diabetes increased the odds of getting CHD by 1.67, 1.59, 3.48 and 1.64, times than others, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of the disease in Iran was relatively high. According to the effect size, the most important risk factors for the disease were age over sixty years and blood pressure.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Therapeutic Compliance among the Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kakon Farzana ◽  
Mohammad Omar Faruque ◽  
Salma Zareen ◽  
Kamrun Nahar Choudhury ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) can recur as a result of subsequent Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections and each recurrence can worsen Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) that has evoked a substantial disease burden in developing countries, including Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to determine the penicillin compliance for rheumatic fever patients.Methods: A matched cross sectional study was conducted among 160 patients in National Center for the Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases (NCCRF/HD), Dhaka. Data was collected on face-to-face interview using a standard structured questionnaire about socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral factors. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.Results: The multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that duration of diagnosis>5 beyond the duration of diagnosis <5 years (OR=2.484, CI=1.170-5.421), age (OR=0.548,CI=0.217-0.574), sex (OR=0.916, CI=0.422-1.964), education (OR=1.963, CI= 0.737-05.361), marital status(OR=0.700, CI=0.272-1.774), fathers education (OR=0.482 CI=0.176 -1.279) and family member (OR= 0.619 CI= 0.2 97 -1.261) were significantly or almost significantly associated with RHD status.Conclusion: In this study, the identified risk groups for rheumatic heart disease reflect a complex interaction between socioeconomic conditions and chronic disease status. Interventions focused on education and poverty will undoubtedly be useful, but not sufficient. Rheumatic heart disease control would benefit from a collaboration of broad public health activities aimed at the prevention and control other chronic diseases. The integration of rheumatic heart disease control activities with non communicable disease programme is crucial in Bangladesh.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 180-185

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and their association with obesity and sociodemographic factors in a national sample of Lebanese adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1570-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Naja ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Leila Itani ◽  
Marie Claire Chamieh ◽  
Nada Adra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and characterize dietary patterns in Lebanon and assess their association with sociodemographic factors, BMI and waist circumference (WC).DesignA cross-sectional population-based survey. In a face-to-face interview, participants completed a brief sociodemographic and semiquantitative FFQ. In addition, anthropometric measurements were obtained following standard techniques. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess determinants of the various patterns and their association with BMI and WC.SettingNational Nutrition and Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Survey (2009), Lebanon.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of 2048 Lebanese adults aged 20–55 years.ResultsFour dietary patterns were identified: ‘Western’, ‘Traditional Lebanese’, ‘Prudent’ and ‘Fish and alcohol’. Factor scores of the identified patterns increased with age, except for the Western pattern in which a negative association was noted. Women had higher scores for the prudent pattern. Adults with higher levels of education had significantly higher scores for the prudent pattern. The frequency of breakfast consumption was significantly associated with scores of both traditional Lebanese and prudent patterns. Multivariate-adjusted analysis revealed a positive association between scores of the Western pattern and the BMI and WC of study participants.ConclusionsThe findings show the presence of four distinct dietary patterns in the Lebanese population, which were associated with age, sex, education and meal pattern. Only the Western pattern was associated with higher BMI.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food consumption in Barbados: evidence from a nationally representative, cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Harris ◽  
Angela M. C. Rose ◽  
Suzanne Soares-Wynter ◽  
Nigel Unwin
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Our objective was to describe, for the first time in an English-speaking Caribbean country, the contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) to nutrients linked to non-communicable disease. Using a cross-sectional study design, dietary data were collected from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Recorded food items were then classified according to their degree of processing by the NOVA system. The present study took place in Barbados (2012–13). A representative population-based sample of 364 adult Barbadians (161 males and 203 females) aged 25–64 years participated in the study. UPFs represented 40⋅5 % (838 kcal/d; 95 % CI 791, 885) of mean energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverages made the largest contribution to energy within the UPF category. Younger persons (25–44 years) consumed a significantly higher proportion of calories from UPF (NOVA group 4) compared with older persons (45–64 years). The mean energy shares of UPF ranged from 22⋅0 to 58⋅9 % for those in the lowest tertile to highest tertile. Within each tertile, the energy contribution was significantly higher in the younger age group (25–44 years) compared with the older (45–64 years). One-quarter of persons consume ≥50 % of their daily calories from UPF, this being significantly higher in younger persons. The ultra-processed diet fraction contained about six times the mean of free sugars and about 0⋅8 times the dietary fibre of the non-ultra-processed fraction (NOVA groups 1–3). Targeted interventions to decrease the consumption of UPF especially in younger persons is thus of high priority to improve the diet quality of Barbadians.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

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