scholarly journals Social and life skills in adolescents who have self-harmed: analysis of survey responses from a national sample of adolescents in Norway

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e054707
Author(s):  
Elin Anita Fadum ◽  
Ellen Øen Carlsen ◽  
Maria Ramberg ◽  
Leif Aage Strand ◽  
Siri Eldevik Håberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
School Absence ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Three Components

ObjectiveSocial and life skills (SLS) may be important in the prevention and treatment of self-harm, but few studies have described this relationship. We examined three components of SLS in adolescents who reported self-harm that was, according to themselves, diagnosed by a clinician.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNational screening prior to military service.Participants176 284 residents of Norway born in 1999–2001 received a declaration of health. We included 171 486 individuals (84 153 (49%) women and 87 333 (51%) men) who were 17 (n=1 67 855) or 18 years of age (n=3631) when they completed the declaration.Outcome measureThe main outcome was clinically diagnosed self-harm, defined as self-harm that the adolescents themselves stated had been diagnosed by a clinician. Components of SLS were social interactions; coping strategies; and emotional regulation/aggression. The association between SLS and self-reported clinically diagnosed self-harm was assessed in hierarchical multiple regression models controlling for sex; school absence; and feelings of emotional pain.ResultsThree percent (n=5507) of the adolescents reported clinically diagnosed self-harm. The three components of SLS together added little to the prediction of clinically diagnosed self-harm (∆R2=0.02). After controlling for school absence and emotional pain, emotional regulation/aggression was the only SLS-component that was independently associated with clinically diagnosed self-harm (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.36). The young men who said they had been clinically diagnosed for self-harm scored slightly worse on social interactions (Hedge’s g (g) = −0.13, p<0.001) and emotional regulation/aggression (g = −0.18, p<0.001) than the young women in this group.ConclusionYoung women and young men who reported clinically diagnosed self-harm had more problems with emotional regulation/aggression than other adolescents, but did not have worse social interactions or coping strategies.

Rapid endocrine responses of young men to social interactions with young women

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Roney ◽  
Aaron W. Lukaszewski ◽  
Zachary L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men

Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ivashinenko ◽  
Elena Burdelova ◽  
Lyubov Ivashinenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.

Telling Cases That Inform an Understanding of Factors Impacting the Development of Inventors From Diverse Backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Stephanie Couch ◽  
Audra Skukauskaite ◽  
Leigh B. Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Year ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds

The lack of diversity among patent holders in the United States (1-3) is a topic that is being discussed by federal policymakers. Available data suggests that prolific patent holders and leading technology innovators are 88.3% male and nearly 94.3% Asian, Pacific Islander, or White, and half of the diversity that does exist is among those who are foreign born (3). The data shows that there is a need for greater diversity among patent holders. Few studies, however, are available to guide the work of educators creating learning opportunities to help young people from diverse backgrounds learn to invent. Educators must navigate issues that have complex sociocultural and historical dimensions (4), which shape the ideas of those surrounding them regarding who can invent, with whom, under what conditions, and for what purposes. In this paper, we report the results of an ongoing multimethod study of an invention education pro- gram that has worked with teachers and students in Grades 6 through 12 for the past 16 years. Findings stem from an analysis of end-of-year experience surveys and interview transcripts of six students (three young men and three young women) who participated in high school InvenTeams®. The data were used to investigate three topics: 1) ways high school students who have participated on an InvenTeam conceptualize the term "failure" and what it means to "learn from failure," 2) what supported and constrained the work of the three young women during their InvenTeams experience and the implications for policy makers concerned about the gender gap in patenting, and 3) ways the young men and young women took up (or didn't take up) the identity of "inventor" after working on a team that developed a working prototype of an invention during the previous school year.

scholarly journals Diet, Exercise, Lifestyle, and Mental Distress among Young and Mature Men and Women: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Lina Begdache ◽  
Saloumeh Sadeghzadeh ◽  
Gia Derose ◽  
Cassandra Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Negatively Associated

Customization of mental health therapies needs to consider the differences in degree of brain maturity between young (18–29 years) and mature (30 years or older) adults as well as brain morphology among men and women. The aim of this study was to identify the significant dietary and lifestyle contributors to mental distress in these sub-populations. Independent repeated cross-sectional sampling was performed for over a 5-year period (2014–2019) to collect data from different populations at different time-points and seasons. A backward stepwise regression analysis was used on 2628 records. Mental distress in young women was associated with high consumption of caffeine and fast-food, and it was negatively correlated with moderate-high levels of exercise as well as frequent breakfast consumption. Mature women shared several common factors with young women; however, high fruit consumption was negatively associated with mental distress. For young men, high exercise, moderate consumption of dairy, and moderate-high intake of meat were negatively associated with mental distress. In addition, high fast-food and caffeine consumption were positively associated with mental distress in young men. For mature men, strong negative associations between higher education, moderate intake of nuts and mental distress surfaced. Our results support the need to customize dietary and lifestyle recommendations to improve mental wellbeing.

Abstract P006: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden is Associated With Hearing Loss in Young Men: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael R Baiduc ◽  
Brittany Bogle ◽  
Franklyn Gonzalez ◽  
Elizabeth Dinces ◽  
David J Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hispanic Community

Introduction: Over 30 million Americans suffer from hearing loss (HL). Studies suggest that established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of the inner ear. However, the aggregate effect of CVD risk factors on hearing is not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high CVD risk burden is associated with worse hearing. Methods: We assessed younger (ages 18-34) and older (ages 55-64) Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos participants who underwent audiometry in 2008-11. After excluding those with conductive pathology and asymmetric HL, we randomly chose one ear for analysis. Puretone thresholds were obtained at 0.5-8 kHz; puretone average (PTA) was calculated using thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Low CVD risk burden was defined as having all of: blood pressure (BP) <120/<80 mmHg; total cholesterol <180 mg/dL; not currently smoking; and not having prevalent diabetes. High CVD risk burden was defined as ≥ 2 of: diabetes; currently smoking; BP >160/>100 mmHg (or antihypertensive use); and total cholesterol >240 mg/dL (or statin use). By age group and sex, we estimated hearing thresholds per frequency with linear regression models adjusted for noise exposure. Least squares estimates were calculated using strata-specific means of covariates. Estimates were compared via t-tests. Data were weighted for all analyses and accounted for clustering. Results: Among younger and older individuals in the target population (51.9% female), 28.8% had low and 5.5% had high CVD risk. Younger men with high CVD risk had worse PTA than young men with low risk (7.7 dB HL [7.0-8.4] vs. 10.5 dB HL [8.4-12.5], p =0.02), and had significantly worse thresholds at 1,3,4,6 kHz than those with low risk ( Figure ). There was no difference in PTA or thresholds at any frequency by CVD risk burden in young women, older men, or older women. Conclusions: CVD risk burden is associated with HL among young men, but not young women or older adults. CVD risk burden may be useful for identifying young men at risk for HL.

CHRONOEFFECT OF THE DIURNAL CORTISOL RHYTHM ON LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN INDIAN AND LOCAL FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN KYRGYZSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
A.A. Chonkoeva ◽  
I.P. Mukhamedova
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Indian Students

Foreign students studying in Kyrgyzstan mainly come from Southeast Asia, and they have to adapt to living conditions in a new climatic (geographic), socio-cultural, and educational environment that is different from the previous one. Therefore, it is challenging to study the chronostructural characteristics of the hormonal regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in students, as these characteristics are main part of the metabolic balance. The aim of the study is to determine chronostructural characteristics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism regulation by adrenal cortex hormones in foreign and local 1st-year university students in Kyrgyzstan. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 120 students. The average age of Indian students (30 young women and 30 young men) was 19.45±0.24 years; the average age of local students (30 young women and 30 young men) was 18.50±0.25 years. The authors analyzed correlation of daily cortisol rhythm with lipoproteins and blood serum glucose indicators. Results. The chronoeffects of evening cortisol (6 p.m.) and daily cortisol level influenced lipid blood fractions in students in both ethnic groups, however, with the opposite effect. In Indian students, cortisol chronoeffect was mainly resulted in accumulation of atherogenic fractions, while in local students – in utilization of such fractions. These opposite processes can be regarded as different phases of the same adaptive energy supply reorganization, when the body starts consuming energy from fatty acids, and activates cholesterol-dependent plastic processes with the photoperiod (autumn-winter) changes. The greatest influence on carbohydrate metabolism was exerted by the daily cortisol level and reactivity, i.e. the rate of change in its plasma concentration. As an additional energy substrate, the young women demonstrated stimulated glucose disposal and young men demonstrated glucose production. The reactivity of the diurnal cortisol rhythm was statistically significantly higher in foreign students, which indicates a reactive adaptive restructuring of regulatory mechanisms. Keywords: students, lipoproteins, adaptation, cortisol, circadian rhythm. Иностранные студенты, обучающиеся в Кыргызстане, в основном прибывают из стран Юго-Восточной Азии, и им предстоит адаптироваться к условиям жизни в новой климатической (географической), социокультурной, образовательной среде, отличной от прежней. Поэтому вызывает интерес исследование у студентов хроноструктурных особенностей гормональной регуляции липидного и углеводного обменов как основной части метаболического баланса организма. Цель: определение хроноструктурных особенностей регуляции липидного и углеводного обменов гормонами коркового слоя надпочечников у иностранных и местных студентов на начальном этапе обучения в вузах Кыргызстана. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 120 студентов. Средний возраст индийских студентов (30 девушек, 30 юношей) составил 19,45±0,24 года; местных студентов (30 девушек, 30 юношей) – 18,50±0,25 года. Проанализированы корреляционные связи показателей дневного ритма кортизола с липопротеинами и глюкозой сыворотки крови. Результаты. Хроноэффекты вечернего кортизола (1800) и суточная масса кортизола были наиболее значительными на липидных фракциях крови студентов в обеих этнических группах с противоположным действием. У индийских студентов все хроноэффекты кортизола были преимущественно направлены на накопление атерогенных фракций, у местных – на их утилизацию. Эти противоположные процессы можно расценивать как разные фазы одной и той же адаптационной перестройки организма в энергообеспечении при переходе на богатые жирными кислотами источники энергии, а также в активации холестеринзависимых пластических процессов в условиях измененного фотопериода (осень-зима). Наибольшее влияние на углеводный обмен оказывали дневная масса кортизола и реактивность – скорость изменения его концентрации в плазме, под влиянием которых у девушек наблюдалось стимулирование утилизации глюкозы, а у юношей – продукция глюкозы в качестве дополнительного энергетического субстрата. Реактивность дневного ритма кортизола была статистически значимо выше у иностранных студентов, что свидетельствует о реактивной адаптационной перестройке механизмов регуляции. Ключевые слова: студенты, липопротеины, адаптация, кортизол, суточный ритм.

scholarly journals Determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the face profile in ukrainian young men and girls with orthognathic bite

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
М. О. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Determination Coefficient ◽  
Normal Occlusion

Modern dentistry requires the definition of individualized values of teleroentgenographic indicators. To solve such problems, methods of regression and correlation analysis are increasingly used, which help to establish not only the existence of various relationships between the anatomical structures of the head and the parameters of the dento-jaw system, but also allow more accurately predict the change in the contour of soft facial tissue in response to orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study is to develop mathematical models for the determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the facial soft tissues by studying the cephalometric indices of young men and women of Ukraine with normal occlusion and balanced faces and conducting a direct stepwise regression analysis. With the use of Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan) from 38 young men (17 to 21 years of age) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with occlusal close to the orthognathic bite and balanced faces received side teleroentgenograms. The cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ licensed software. Cephalometric points and measurements were made according to the recommendations of Downs W. B., Holdway R. A., McNamara J., Schwarz A. M., Schmuth G. P. F., Steiner C. C. and Tweed C. H. With the help of direct stepwise regression analysis, in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were constructed. In young men with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite of 19 possible models, 11 were constructed with a determination coefficient from 0.638 to 0.930, and in young women – 12 models with a determination coefficient from 0.541 to 0.927. The conducted analysis of models showed that in young men most often the regression equations included – angle N_POG, parameters of which indicate a linear interjaw relation in the anterior-posterior direction (14.0%); angle GL_SNPOG, or index of convexity of the soft tissue profile (8.8%); MAX maxillary length (7.0%), and GL_SN_S index, which defines vertical correlations in the facial profile (5.3%). The young women most often models included – the angle N_POG (12.5%); angle GL_SNPOG (7.5%); soft tissue front angle P_OR_N (6.25%); the reference angle ML_NL and the profile angle T (by 5.0%); the angle AB_NPOG, the angle NBA_PTGN, which defines the direction of development of the mandible and the distance PN_A (3.75%). Thus, in the work with the help of the method of stepwise regression with inclusion, among Ukrainians of adolescence age, based on the characteristics of teleroentgenographic indicators, reliable models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were developed and analyzed.

scholarly journals Young Men and Young Women in Secure Care: Gender Differences in the Placement of Those With Mental Health Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bartlett ◽  
Jared G Smith ◽  
Louise Warner ◽  
Heidi Hales
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Secure Care ◽  
Mental Health Diagnoses

Abstract Background The system of secure care for young people in England and Wales comprises youth justice, welfare and mental health facilities. Empirical studies have failed to investigate the system as a whole. The National Adolescent Study in 2016 was the first to provide comprehensive system wide information. This paper, derived from that data set, addresses equity of service provision for young men and women in secure care who have mental health problems.MethodsThe detained census population of English young people was 1322 and detailed data were available on 93% of this population, including 983 young men and 290 young women. The descriptive census data were interrogated to identify associations between gender, other sociodemographic and clinical variables, using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. To control for Type 1 errors, the False Discovery rate approach was used. SPSS (V25) was used for statistical analysis.Results Numerically more young men in secure care than young women in secure care warrant a psychiatric diagnosis but young women had a 9 fold increase in the odds of having a diagnosis compared with the young men. The pattern of mental health diagnoses differed significantly by gender as did the pattern of young men and women’s secure care placement. This different pattern of placement continued to differ by gender when the nature of the mental health diagnosis was taken into account.Conclusions No definitive explanation is evident for the significantly different, placement patterns of young men and young women with the same, mental health diagnoses but the anticipated consequences for some, young men and some young women are important. Proper explanation demands an examination of process variables out with the remit of this study. The lack of routine scrutiny and transparent processes across secure settings could be responsible for the development of these differential placement practices; these practices seem at odds with the duty placed on public services by the Equality Act.

Gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people in Europe: Are young women less politically engaged than young men?

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572110288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grasso ◽  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Political News ◽  
Current State ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper contributes to the literature by examining gender inequalities in political participation and political engagement among young people from a comparative perspective. By analyzing data on young people from nine European countries collected in 2018, we examine gender inequalities in participation in various modes of conventional and unconventional activism as well as related attitudes, broader political engagement and key determinants, cross-nationally, in order to provide a detailed picture of the current state of gender inequalities in political activism among young people in Europe. Our results allow us to speak to extant theorizing about gender inequalities by showing that the extent of political inequality between young men and women is less marked than one might expect. While the gender gaps in political participation for activities such as confrontational types of protest are small or absent, we find that young women are actually more active in petitioning, buycotting, and volunteering in the community. Young men instead are more active than young women in a majority of the nine countries analysed with respect to more institutional forms of participation linked to organizations and parties, various types of online political participation, and broader political engagement measures, such as internal political efficacy and consumption of political news through various channels. However, young men also appear to be more sceptical at least of certain aspects of democratic practice relative to young women.

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