CHRONOEFFECT OF THE DIURNAL CORTISOL RHYTHM ON LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN INDIAN AND LOCAL FIRST-YEAR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN KYRGYZSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
A.A. Chonkoeva ◽  
I.P. Mukhamedova
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Local Students ◽  
Indian Students

Foreign students studying in Kyrgyzstan mainly come from Southeast Asia, and they have to adapt to living conditions in a new climatic (geographic), socio-cultural, and educational environment that is different from the previous one. Therefore, it is challenging to study the chronostructural characteristics of the hormonal regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in students, as these characteristics are main part of the metabolic balance. The aim of the study is to determine chronostructural characteristics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism regulation by adrenal cortex hormones in foreign and local 1st-year university students in Kyrgyzstan. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 120 students. The average age of Indian students (30 young women and 30 young men) was 19.45±0.24 years; the average age of local students (30 young women and 30 young men) was 18.50±0.25 years. The authors analyzed correlation of daily cortisol rhythm with lipoproteins and blood serum glucose indicators. Results. The chronoeffects of evening cortisol (6 p.m.) and daily cortisol level influenced lipid blood fractions in students in both ethnic groups, however, with the opposite effect. In Indian students, cortisol chronoeffect was mainly resulted in accumulation of atherogenic fractions, while in local students – in utilization of such fractions. These opposite processes can be regarded as different phases of the same adaptive energy supply reorganization, when the body starts consuming energy from fatty acids, and activates cholesterol-dependent plastic processes with the photoperiod (autumn-winter) changes. The greatest influence on carbohydrate metabolism was exerted by the daily cortisol level and reactivity, i.e. the rate of change in its plasma concentration. As an additional energy substrate, the young women demonstrated stimulated glucose disposal and young men demonstrated glucose production. The reactivity of the diurnal cortisol rhythm was statistically significantly higher in foreign students, which indicates a reactive adaptive restructuring of regulatory mechanisms. Keywords: students, lipoproteins, adaptation, cortisol, circadian rhythm. Иностранные студенты, обучающиеся в Кыргызстане, в основном прибывают из стран Юго-Восточной Азии, и им предстоит адаптироваться к условиям жизни в новой климатической (географической), социокультурной, образовательной среде, отличной от прежней. Поэтому вызывает интерес исследование у студентов хроноструктурных особенностей гормональной регуляции липидного и углеводного обменов как основной части метаболического баланса организма. Цель: определение хроноструктурных особенностей регуляции липидного и углеводного обменов гормонами коркового слоя надпочечников у иностранных и местных студентов на начальном этапе обучения в вузах Кыргызстана. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 120 студентов. Средний возраст индийских студентов (30 девушек, 30 юношей) составил 19,45±0,24 года; местных студентов (30 девушек, 30 юношей) – 18,50±0,25 года. Проанализированы корреляционные связи показателей дневного ритма кортизола с липопротеинами и глюкозой сыворотки крови. Результаты. Хроноэффекты вечернего кортизола (1800) и суточная масса кортизола были наиболее значительными на липидных фракциях крови студентов в обеих этнических группах с противоположным действием. У индийских студентов все хроноэффекты кортизола были преимущественно направлены на накопление атерогенных фракций, у местных – на их утилизацию. Эти противоположные процессы можно расценивать как разные фазы одной и той же адаптационной перестройки организма в энергообеспечении при переходе на богатые жирными кислотами источники энергии, а также в активации холестеринзависимых пластических процессов в условиях измененного фотопериода (осень-зима). Наибольшее влияние на углеводный обмен оказывали дневная масса кортизола и реактивность – скорость изменения его концентрации в плазме, под влиянием которых у девушек наблюдалось стимулирование утилизации глюкозы, а у юношей – продукция глюкозы в качестве дополнительного энергетического субстрата. Реактивность дневного ритма кортизола была статистически значимо выше у иностранных студентов, что свидетельствует о реактивной адаптационной перестройке механизмов регуляции. Ключевые слова: студенты, липопротеины, адаптация, кортизол, суточный ритм.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pemberian Tablet Fe dan Vitamin C dengan Tablet Fe dan Vitamin A terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Mahasiswi Kebidanan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Halida Thamrin ◽  
Suchi Avnalurini Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Body ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Vit C

Young women have a high risk of anemia, this is due to the loss of iron during menstruation. Young women have a higher risk to experience of anemia than young men because young women experience menstruation each month and desire to diet so that the body is deficient in essential nutrients such as iron. The purpose of this research is to know the comparison of tablet Fe and Vit C with tablet Fe and Vit A to increase the level of hemoglobin on the student of Midwifery School of Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The population in the study was all students of Midwifery School of Universitas Muslim Indonesia, with population size of 131 students. The samples were taken with purposive sampling technique based on certain criteria, with sample size of 32 students. The results of study showed that there was an increase in hemoglobin levels in the group of tablet Fe and vitamin C and the group of tablet Fe and vitamin A. Statistical test results using the T-Test obtained mean difference-1.950, p = 0.000 meaning there is a meaningful difference to the increase in hemoglobin level. Keywords: young men; hemoglobin; tablet Fe; vitamin C, vitamin A ABSTRAK Remaja putri memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami anemia, hal ini disebabkan hilangnya zat besi saat menstruasi. Remaja putri mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi terkena anemia dibandingkan remaja putra karena remaja putri mengalami menstruasi tiap bulannya dan keinginan untuk diet sehingga tubuh kekurangan zat gizi penting seperti zat besi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Perbandingan Pemberian Tablet Fe dan Vit C dengan Tablet Fe dan Vit A terhadap Peningkatan kadar Hb pada Mahasiswi Prodi DIII Kebidanan Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Quasi Experimental dengan pendekatan post test only design untuk Mengetahui Perbandingan Pemberian Tablet Fe dan Vit C dengan Tablet Fe dan Vit A terhadap Peningkatan kadar Hb pada Mahasiswi Prodi DIII Kebidanan Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Adapun populasi pada penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswi prodi DIII Kebidanan, dengan ukuran populasi 131 mahasiswa. Adapun sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria tertentu, dengan ukuran sampel 32 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok tablet Fe dan vitamin C dan kelompok tablet Fe dan vitamin A. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji t-test diperoleh mean difference -1,950, p = 0,000 yang artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin. Kata kunci: remaja putri; hemoglobin; tablet Fe; vitamin C; vitamin A

scholarly journals Motor activity of students of modern education institutions: biomedical and physiological-hygienic aspects of its assessment and optimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
I. V. Serheta ◽  
I. L. Drezhenkova ◽  
N. V. Stoyan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Body ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Scientific Substantiation

One of the key problems of modern biomedical anthropology is the scientific substantiation of the prerequisites for the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the introduction of health-saving technologies that take into account its, psychophysiological and personality features. The aim of the study is biomedical and physiological and hygienic assessment of motor activity of students of modern institutions of higher education and scientific substantiation of ways of its optimization. 385 students aged 19 to 21 were under observation during the research. As quantitative criteria for assessing motor activity, the values of daily energy consumption, the number of locomotions in a daily cycle and the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget of time were used. The qualitative description of the values of motor activity was carried out on the basis of studying the main types of locomotives and their distribution patterns with the allocation of zones of minimal (hypokinesia), optimal (normokinesia) and maximum (hyperkinesia) values. The statistical analysis of the received materials provided for the application of the standard package of applications “Statistica 6.1”. As the norms of motor activity of modern students, the following indicators are determined: daily energy consumption values – 9000-11000 kJ for young women and 11000-13500 kJ for young men; number of locomotions in a daily cycle – 14000-18000 steps for young women and 15000-19000 steps for young men; the duration of the dynamic component in the daily budget time – 130-180 minutes in young women and 140-190 minutes in young men. Among the leading ways of optimizing motor activity are: the implementation of continuous monitoring and individualized integrated assessment of habitual motor activity; taking into account the norms of motor activity of student youth, which provide a beneficial effect on the processes of formation of their health and adaptive capacity of the body of future specialists and the mandatory achievement of their values; development and implementation of a set of measures aimed at optimizing motor activity and rational organization of motor activity of modern students.

The relationship between the component composition of the body and the rate of aging of student youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Composition Students ◽  
Body Component ◽  
The Relationship

Were examined 120 young men and young women. The analysis of the component composition was carried out using bioimpedance analysis by the MEDASS device. The coefficient of the aging rate was calculated according to the formula of A.G. Gorelkina. A correlation was established between the components of body composition and the rate of aging. The probability of accelerated aging of the body increases in the presence of excess fat mass. 25% of young men and 18.3% of young women belong to the risk group with an increased content of adipose tissue and a reduced content of skeletal muscles. Key words: aging, biological age, body component composition, students.

scholarly journals Gorban Features of autonomic regulation of heart rate depending on the composition of the body in young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
V. V. Gorban ◽  
V. S. Menshix ◽  
E. V. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity

Objective: of the research was to study preclinical changes in heart rate variability (HRV) associated with overweight and obesity in young people in order to determine the targets of predictive therapy.Material and methods: the study involved 105 young men and 111 young women aged 18 to 30 years. Questionnaires, anthropometry with determination of body mass index and waist circumference, bioimpedansometry with determination of body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) level, as well as monitoring of HRV based on short (ten-minute) records were carried out.Result: young people of both sexes showed a high frequency of overweight (24.1%) and obesity (18.5%), as well as a low level of physical activity (FA, 46.3%). In 28.8% of young men and 12.5% of young women with overweight and obesity, there was a high level of VF. Taking into account the outstripping increase in VF as compared to BF, it is reasonable to divide the VF levels into low (<5 conventional units), intermediate (5-9 conventional units), and high (> 9 conventional units). In overweight young people, compared with normal body weight, HRV is characterized by less pronounced parasympathetic activity, and in girls compared with young men, there is less total HRV. A high HRV level is associated with such HRV indicators as an increase values of LF/ HF and SDANN, reflecting, respectively, a reduction in the parasympathetic and enhanced sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system with a predominance of the central circuit of heart rhythm regulation over the autonomous one.Conclusion: to diagnose autonomic imbalance in young people, it is necessary to determine the composition of the body, FA level, take into account the individual dynamics of HRV parameters, since they rarely exceed the norm. Changes in total HRV, sympathetic and parasympathetic activity during the non-drug correction of obesity should be monitored with an emphasis on pNN (50) and SDANN indicators associated with BF, and when correcting physical activity — on the indicator of voltage index of regulatory systems.

scholarly journals ‘Boys, when they do dance, they have to do football as well, for balance’: Young men’s construction of a sporting masculinity

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022098714
Author(s):  
Sarah Nicola Harding
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Masculine Identity ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
North East ◽  
Gendered Expectations

The construction of masculinity and identity for young men is often complex. The role of sport for young men’s construction of a ‘valued’ masculine identity mirrors this complexity, and sport is often viewed as the paradigmatic space for displaying dominant forms of masculinity. This paper explores how young men construct their masculinity within the field of sport. Using Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus, field, capital and illusio, this paper draws on semi-structured interview data with 70 young people from 3 schools in North East England (33 young men/37 young women, aged 15–16 years). The key principle is that young men are able to manipulate and manage their sporting identities, whilst being mindful of how broader gendered expectations (‘etiquette’) can influence which gendered identities, sports and bodies are socially valued and rewarded. Young men expressed a strong desire to conform to broader social norms which equate sport with masculinity, thus reinforcing gender-appropriate sports as more acceptable. Young men are constantly undertaking ongoing identity work to present a version of masculinity that is context and field-specific. However, the physical use of the body in a sporting field remains a paradigmatic way in which masculinity is promoted and valued for young men.

Efficacy and safety of drospirenone-containing microdosage combined oral contraceptive use with starting contraception

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A R Khachaturian ◽  
E V Misharina ◽  
M I Yarmolinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive

Androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as premenstrual syndrome of varying severity in young women, can cause emotional depression, difficulties in social adaptation and even depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to study the safety and efficacy of using a combined oral contraceptive (COC) Dimia® containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in young women, as well as its therapeutic effects in androgen-dependent dermopathy. Materials and methods. The study included 57 young women aged 23.1±2.2 years with signs of androgen-dependent dermopathy. The evaluation of the change in the character of menstrual bleeding, the anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference and hips), the therapeutic effect of the drug on the symptoms of androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as the dynamics of arterial pressure, hemoglobin level, serum iron have been studied. The psycho-emotional state was assessed using the SAN questionnaire (well-being-activity-mood). Results. During 6 months of observation, there was no significant change in the body mass index, waist circumference, and hips, and the drug did not affect the blood pressure numbers. Against the background of taking the drug, there was an increase in the parameters of iron metabolism (hemoglobin content, serum iron). After 3 months of taking the contraceptive with drospirenone, the number of patients with a complaint about the abundance of menstruation decreased more than twofold (from 22.8 to 10.5%), and after 6 months of taking the drug no patient noted the profuse nature of menstruation. Before the start of taking COC with drospirenone, 57.9% of women reported painful menstrual bleeding. Against the background of taking the contraceptive within 3 months, this complaint was stopped in all patients. Sufficient efficacy of treatment of androgen dependent dermopathy in young women with the help of a microdosed drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptive is estimated from the dermatological acne index. The analysis of the SAN questionnaire made it possible to reveal the improvement in the psychoemotional state of patients on the background of taking the drug. The conclusion. The results obtained proved the effectiveness and safety of the microclinized COC Dimia®. The drug has no significant effect on body weight, blood pressure, provides reliable control of the cycle and a decrease in menstrual bleeding, which results in stabilization of iron metabolism in the body. Dimia® is effective in the treatment of androgen-dependent dermopathy and can be recommended to young women for starting contraception.

Circadian model of carbohydrate metabolism regulation in normal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
V.P. Kitcyshin ◽  
◽  
V.V. Salukhov ◽  
T.A. Demidova ◽  
R.T. Sardinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Gender aspects of aggressive behaviour in adolescence

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ivashinenko ◽  
Elena Burdelova ◽  
Lyubov Ivashinenko
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of a study the purpose of which was research of the factors and patterns of aggression in adolescence. Its results are required to find personas, who need preventive work, and features of the system of preventive measures, depending on the structure of the target audience. In 2016 there were 721 respondents who took part in the study, and 1437 in 2019. The method used in this study is the Buss-Durkee test modified by G. V. Rezapkina (BDHI). Results of the study clearly demonstrate that amongst young people there is a high-level spread of severe irritation, especially among young women. Also, the predominance of such components of aggression as negativity and irritation was noted. According to the results, young women more often get irritated than young men, and on the scale of “negativism”, there is no significant differences. Physical aggression was discovered to be more characteristic for young men.

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION DURING TUITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

Telling Cases That Inform an Understanding of Factors Impacting the Development of Inventors From Diverse Backgrounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Stephanie Couch ◽  
Audra Skukauskaite ◽  
Leigh B. Estabrooks
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Year ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds

The lack of diversity among patent holders in the United States (1-3) is a topic that is being discussed by federal policymakers. Available data suggests that prolific patent holders and leading technology innovators are 88.3% male and nearly 94.3% Asian, Pacific Islander, or White, and half of the diversity that does exist is among those who are foreign born (3). The data shows that there is a need for greater diversity among patent holders. Few studies, however, are available to guide the work of educators creating learning opportunities to help young people from diverse backgrounds learn to invent. Educators must navigate issues that have complex sociocultural and historical dimensions (4), which shape the ideas of those surrounding them regarding who can invent, with whom, under what conditions, and for what purposes. In this paper, we report the results of an ongoing multimethod study of an invention education pro- gram that has worked with teachers and students in Grades 6 through 12 for the past 16 years. Findings stem from an analysis of end-of-year experience surveys and interview transcripts of six students (three young men and three young women) who participated in high school InvenTeams®. The data were used to investigate three topics: 1) ways high school students who have participated on an InvenTeam conceptualize the term "failure" and what it means to "learn from failure," 2) what supported and constrained the work of the three young women during their InvenTeams experience and the implications for policy makers concerned about the gender gap in patenting, and 3) ways the young men and young women took up (or didn't take up) the identity of "inventor" after working on a team that developed a working prototype of an invention during the previous school year.

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