Life cycles and biomass allocation in seed- and ramet-derived plants of Cryptotaenia canadensis (Apiaceae), a monocarpic species of eastern North America

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 518-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy S Hawkins ◽  
Jerry M Baskin ◽  
Carol C Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference

Life cycles, survivorship, and biomass allocation for seed- and ramet-derived plants of Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. were studied to determine if variation existed between plant derivations, and how these attributes contribute to persistence of the species within a temperate forest habitat. Seed-derived plants behaved as biennials, reproducing both sexually and asexually in the second growing season. Ramet-derived plants reproduced sexually and asexually annually. Annual survivorship was greater for seed-derived juveniles; however, fewer seed-derived plants flowered than did ramet-derived plants. Biomass allocation for plants harvested at four growth stages over two complete life cycles was significantly different between plant derivations during vegetative growth stages. During reproductive growth stages, biomass allocation did not differ between ramet- and seed-derived plants harvested in the same year. Regressions showed a strong correlation between sexual reproductive mass and vegetative mass for both plant derivations, with no significant difference between slopes or intercepts. Ramet mass was less dependent on plant size, and differences between slopes and intercepts were not significant. Regressions of sexual versus asexual reproductive mass varied with year and cohort. Equivalent reproductive output in conjunction with temporal differences in life cycle phenologies between plant derivations optimize this species' ability to persist in its natural habitat.Key words: allometry, Apiaceae, biomass allocation, Cryptotaenia canadensis, monocarpic.

Is reproductive allocation in Senecio vulgaris plastic?

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Weiner ◽  
Lars Rosenmeier ◽  
Emma Soy Massoni ◽  
Josep Nogués Vera ◽  
Eva Hernández Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
The Relationship

Several purported cases of plasticity in plant allocation patterns appear to be the effects of size and allometric growth (“apparent plasticity”). To ask whether there is true plasticity (i.e., a change in the allometric trajectory) in reproductive allocation in Senecio vulgaris  L., we grew S. vulgaris plants at high and low levels of water, nutrients, and competition, and analyzed the relationship between vegetative and seed biomass. Plant size was the major determinant of reproductive output, accounting for 83% of the variation in log (seed mass). There were also significant effects of the treatments that were not due to size, accounting for an additional 9% of the variation. The treatments affected the allometric coefficient (intercept), not the allometric exponent (slope) of the relationship, reflecting a small but significant shift in the efficiency of conversion of total plant biomass into reproductive biomass. In a second experiment, we grew S. vulgaris plants at three nutrient levels and allowed all individuals to complete their life cycles. Again, nutrient level had a small but significant effect on the allometric coefficient. Plasticity in reproductive allocation exists, but is very limited. The primary effects of the environment on the reproductive output of S. vulgaris occur via plant size.

Life cycle ofTrichostrongylus retortaeformisin its natural host, the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Audebert ◽  
H. Hoste ◽  
M.C. Durette-Desset
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe chronology of the life cycle ofTrichostrongylus retortaeformis(Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) is studied in its natural hostOryctolagus cuniculus. The free living period lasted 5 days at 24°C. Worm-free rabbits were each infectedper oswithT. retortaeformislarvae. Rabbits were killed at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and every day from one day to 13 days p.i. By 12 h p.i., all the larvae were exsheathed and in the small intestine. The third moult occurred between 3 and 5 days p.i. and the last moult between 4 and 7 days p.i. The prepatent period lasted 12 to 13 days. The patent period lasted five and a half months. The four known life cycles of species ofTrichostrongylusin ruminants were compared with that ofT. retortaeformis. No significant difference was found except in the duration of the prepatent period. These similarities in the life cycles confirm the previously formulated hypotheses on the relationship between the parasites of the two host groups ().

scholarly journals Distinct Climate Effects on Dahurian Larch Growth at an Asian Temperate-Boreal Forest Ecotone and Nearby Boreal Sites

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Enzai Du ◽  
Yang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dahurian Larch ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation ◽  
Forest Ecotone

Climate change is exerting profound impacts on the structure and function of global boreal forest. Compared with their northern counterparts, trees growing at the southern boreal forest and the temperate-boreal forest ecotone likely show distinct responses to climate change. Based on annual basal areal increment (BAI) of Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) plantations with similar ages, tree densities and soil nutrient conditions, we investigated the tree growth responses to inter-annual climate variations at an Asian temperate-boreal forest ecotone and nearby boreal sites in northeast China. Annual BAI changed nonlinearly with cambial age in the form of a lognormal curve. The maximum annual BAI showed no significant difference between the two bioregions, while annual BAI peaked at an elder age at the boreal-temperate forest ecotone. After eliminating the age associated trend, conditional regression analyses indicate that residual BAI at the boreal sites increased significantly with higher growing-season mean nighttime minimum temperature and non-growing-season precipitation, but decreased significantly with higher growing-season mean daytime maximum temperature during the past three decades (1985–2015). In contrast, residual BAI at the boreal-temperate forest ecotone only showed a positive and weak response to inter-annual variations of growing-season precipitation. These findings suggest distinct effects of inter-annual climate variation on the growth of boreal trees at the temperate-boreal forest ecotone in comparison to the southern boreal regions, and highlight future efforts to elucidate the key factors that regulate the growth ofthe southernmost boreal trees.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Two Asian Bumblebee Species Bombus friseanus and Bombus breviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Liang ◽  
Guiling Ding ◽  
Jiaxing Huang ◽  
Xuewen Zhang ◽  
Chunhui Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Colony Foundation ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Mating Rate ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Significant Difference

This study compared the food plants, life cycle, colony development, and mating behaviour of the two Asian bumblebee species Bombus friseanus and B. breviceps, which are very important pollinators for many wild flowers and crops in local ecosystems. Both species were shown to be highly polylectic. Differences were observed in their life cycles and colony development patterns. The colony foundation rate of the field-collected queens was high in both species, 95.5% in B. friseanus and 86.5% in B. breviceps. The intervals from colony initiation to colony sizes of 30, 60, and 80 workers and to the first male and gyne emergence were significantly shorter in B. friseanus than in B. breviceps (p < 0.01). The development period of the first batch of workers showed no significant difference between the two species (p > 0.05). Compared with B. friseanus, B. breviceps produced remarkably higher numbers of workers (135 ± 30 workers/colony in B. friseanus and 318 ± 123 workers/colony in B. breviceps) and males (199 ± 46 males/colony in B. friseanus and 355 ± 166 males/colony in B. breviceps) (p < 0.01), with notable variation was found among the colonies in both species. With no significant difference in the mating rate between these two species, the copulation duration of B. breviceps (1.54 ± 0.63 min) was strikingly shorter than that of B. friseanus (27.44 ± 11.16 min) (p < 0.001). This study highlights the characteristics of the two Asian bumblebee species and will aid further studies on their conservation and agricultural pollination use.

MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH THE LIFE CYCLES OF MEMBER COMPANIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET 2017–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
E. A. SHUBINA ◽  
◽  
Yu. A. KOMAROVSKY ◽  
A. V. MERKUSHEV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Russian Market

The article is devoted to the study of the largest mergers and acquisitions (M&A, “Mergers & Acquisitions”) in Russia for 2017–2019. (the acquired block of shares is not less than 99%). The concept of life cycles of organizations and theoretical aspects of mergers and acquisitions are described. The stages of the life cycle of the merged and reorganized companies, the goals of mergers and acquisitions, depending on the stages of the life cycle are analyzed.

Life cycle of self-propelled machinery with waste generation at its disposal

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Valeriy S. Gerasimov ◽  
Vladimir I. Ignatov ◽  
Konstantin G. Sovin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Secondary Resources ◽  
Branch System ◽  
Additional Funding

According to forecasts for 2022, the number of self-propelled agricultural machinery that will fail will be about 100 thousand units. This will have a significant impact on the overall productivity in the field of agricultural production and will require additional financial costs for effective resource-saving environmental-oriented utilization of agricultural machinery with the maximum recovery of secondary resources in the processing of its components. (Research purpose) The research purpose is considering the main life cycles of machinery, including agricultural, and determining the possibility of obtaining secondary resources in the recycling of components of machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The authors found that the establishment of an industry-wide recycling system would allow the reuse of usable and recovered parts obtained from decommissioned equipment, as well as receive additional funding from the sale of secondary resources. The authors have found that for the functioning of the whole system, it is necessary to work with a large amount of data related to the ongoing recycling processes, as well as constantly monitor changes in the state and properties of materials. They also found that the maximum use of digital technology is the only way to combine all these requirements and make the system work. (Results and discussion) The article reviews the key points of the use of life cycle method for equipment, including agricultural, reviews the state of machine and tractor park of agro-industrial complex, shows the possibility of using resource-saving ecologically oriented branch system of recycling of agricultural machinery, as well as the movement of waste and material flows in the processing components of utilized machines. (Conclusion) The article presents recommendations on the possibility of efficient disposal of equipment, including agricultural, with the maximum recovery of secondary resources from recycled waste.

Life cycles of the rhizocephalan Boschmaella japonica Deichmann & Høeg, 1990 (Cirripedia: Chthamalophilidae) and its host barnacle Chthamalus challengeri Hoek, 1883 (Cirripedia: Chthamalidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miku Yabuta ◽  
Jens T Høeg ◽  
Shigeyuki Yamato ◽  
Yoichi Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Brood Size ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Rhizocephalan Barnacles ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
Chthamalus Challengeri

Abstract Although parasitic castration is widespread among rhizocephalan barnacles, Boschmaella japonica Deichmann & Høeg, 1990 does not completely sterilise the host barnacle Chthamalus challengeri Hoek, 1883. As little information is available on the relationships with the host in “barnacle-infesting parasitic barnacles” (family Chthamalophilidae), we studied the life cycles of both B. japonica and C. challengeri and the effects of the parasite on the host reproduction. Specimens of C. challengeri were collected from an upper intertidal shore at Shirahama, Wakayama, western Japan from April 2017 to September 2018 at 1–3 mo intervals. We recorded the body size, number of eggs, egg volume, and the presence of the parasite for each host. Moreover, settlement and growth of C. challengeri were followed in two fixed quadrats. Chthamalus challengeri brooded from February to June. The prevalence of B. japonica was high (often exceeded 10%) from April to July, and was rarely observed from September to next spring. The life cycle of the parasite matched well with that of the host. The parasite reduced the host’s brooding rate and brood size, to the extent that no hosts brooded in 2018.

scholarly journals A global non-invasive methodology for the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions using imaging, physiological and molecular tools

Plant Methods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Musse ◽  
G. Hajjar ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Billiot ◽  
G. Joly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Drought is a major consequence of global heating that has negative impacts on agriculture. Potato is a drought-sensitive crop; tuber growth and dry matter content may both be impacted. Moreover, water deficit can induce physiological disorders such as glassy tubers and internal rust spots. The response of potato plants to drought is complex and can be affected by cultivar type, climatic and soil conditions, and the point at which water stress occurs during growth. The characterization of adaptive responses in plants presents a major phenotyping challenge. There is therefore a demand for the development of non-invasive analytical techniques to improve phenotyping. Results This project aimed to take advantage of innovative approaches in MRI, phenotyping and molecular biology to evaluate the effects of water stress on potato plants during growth. Plants were cultivated in pots under different water conditions. A control group of plants were cultivated under optimal water uptake conditions. Other groups were cultivated under mild and severe water deficiency conditions (40 and 20% of field capacity, respectively) applied at different tuber growth phases (initiation, filling). Water stress was evaluated by monitoring soil water potential. Two fully-equipped imaging cabinets were set up to characterize plant morphology using high definition color cameras (top and side views) and to measure plant stress using RGB cameras. The response of potato plants to water stress depended on the intensity and duration of the stress. Three-dimensional morphological images of the underground organs of potato plants in pots were recorded using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. A significant difference in growth kinetics was observed at the early growth stages between the control and stressed plants. Quantitative PCR analysis was carried out at molecular level on the expression patterns of selected drought-responsive genes. Variations in stress levels were seen to modulate ABA and drought-responsive ABA-dependent and ABA-independent genes. Conclusions This methodology, when applied to the phenotyping of potato under water deficit conditions, provides a quantitative analysis of leaves and tubers properties at microstructural and molecular levels. The approaches thus developed could therefore be effective in the multi-scale characterization of plant response to water stress, from organ development to gene expression.

scholarly journals 2-Piece Cork Stoppers as Alternative for Valorization of Thin Cork Planks: Analysis by LCA Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Flor-Montalvo ◽  
Agustín Sánchez-Toledo Ledesma ◽  
Eduardo Martínez Cámara ◽  
Emilio Jiménez-Macías ◽  
Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Cork Stoppers ◽  
Wine Bottle

Natural stoppers are a magnificent closure for the production of aging wines and unique wines, whose application is limited by the availability of raw materials and more specifically of cork sheets of different thickness and quality. The growing demand for quality wine bottle closures leads to the search for alternative stopper production. The two-piece stopper is an alternative since it uses non-usable plates in a conventional way for the production of quality caps. The present study has analyzed the impact of the manufacture of these two-piece stoppers using different methodologies and for different dimensions by developing an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), concluding that the process phases of the plate, its boiling, and its stabilization, are the phases with the greatest impact. Likewise, it is detected that the impacts in all phases are relatively similar (for one kg of net cork produced), although the volumetric difference between these stoppers represents a significant difference in impacts for each unit produced.

scholarly journals Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

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