Age-related variation in the nutrient reserves of breeding American Coots (Fulica americana)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2417-2420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray T. Alisauskas ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nutrient Reserve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Reserves

We analyzed the relationship between age and nutrient reserves of 186 American Coots, Fulica americana, collected in southern Manitoba during the breeding season in 1981. The first principal component from the correlation matrix of 13 morphological variables was used as the measure of body size. Protein reserves, as indexed by lean dry weight, and fat reserves were related to body size, but the relationship for fat reserves was weak. The oldest coots of each sex were the largest, and this partly explained their larger protein reserves compared with the youngest coots. However, by scaling different sex–age groups to the same body size, we found that older coots had relatively larger protein reserves before breeding than did younger coots. Males and females did not differ in relative protein reserves, but females had relatively more fat reserves than did males. The results also indicated that body size is an important consideration in studies of nutrient reserve dynamics.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM IGF-1 AND ADIPOSITY BY AGE IN THE LONG LIFE FAMILY STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S257-S257
Author(s):  
Rehab A Sherlala ◽  
Candace M Kammerer ◽  
Allison L Kuipers ◽  
Mary K Wojczynski ◽  
Svetlana Ukraintseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and measures of adiposity, such as body mass index (BMI), are associated with susceptibility to age-related diseases. Previous reports of the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI ranged from positive to negative to no relationship, perhaps because previous reports studied different age cohorts. Using data on 4270 participants (aged 24-110 years) from the Long Life Family Study, we investigated the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI overall and by age groups. IGF-1 and BMI were positively correlated in the total sample (β=0.161, r2= 0.0038, p=1.8-05). However, further analyses revealed that the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI varied by age quartile: in the 1st quartile (24-58yo) the relationship was negative (β=−0.204, r2= 0.011, p=0.0008); in the 2nd quartile (59-66yo) the relationship was negative but non-significant (β=−0.069, r2= 0.0012, p=0.28); in the 3rd quartile (67-86yo) the relationship was positive but non-significant (β=0.106, r2= 0.002, p=0.13); and in the 4th quartile (87-110yo) the relationship was positive (β=0.388, r2= 0.019, p=1.2−05). This pattern did not differ by sex. We also detected a similar age-related pattern between IGF-1 and BMI using an independent dataset (NHANES III), comprising 2550 men and women aged 20-90 years. Our results may clarify some of the inconsistency in previous literature about the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI. Additional studies of IGF-1 and adiposity measures are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Serum IGF-1 and BMI Differs by Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab A Sherlala ◽  
Candace M Kammerer ◽  
Allison L Kuipers ◽  
Mary K Wojczynski ◽  
Svetlana V Ukraintseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutritional Examination Survey ◽  
Related Pattern

Abstract Background Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and body mass index (BMI) are both associated with susceptibility to age-related diseases. Reports on the correlation between them have been conflicting, with both positive to negative correlations reported. However, the age ranges of the participants varied widely among these studies. Methods Using data on 4241 participants (aged 24–110) from the Long Life Family Study, we investigated the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI by age groups using regression analysis. Results When stratified by age quartile, the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI varied: in the first quartile (Q1, 20–58 years) the relationship was negative (β = −0.2, p = .002); in Q2 (58–66 years) and Q3 (67–86 years) the relationship was negative (β = −0.07, β = −0.01, respectively) but nonsignificant; and in Q4 (87–110 years) the relationship was positive (β = 0.31, p = .0002). This pattern did not differ by sex. We observed a similar age-related pattern between IGF-1 and BMI among participants in the third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Conclusions Our results that the relationship between IGF-1 and BMI differs by age may explain some of the inconsistency in reports about their relationship and encourage additional studies to understand the mechanisms underlying it.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Versus Parathyroid Hormone Relationship Suggest a Different Reason Why Older Adults Require More Vitamin D

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Vieth ◽  
Yasmin Ladak ◽  
Paul G. Walfish
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D requirements are thought to vary with age, but there is little comparative evidence for this. One goal in establishing a vitamin D requirement is to avoid secondary hyperparathyroidism. We studied 1741 euthyroid, thyroid clinic outpatients without evidence of calcium abnormalities, ranging in age from 19 to 97 yr, whose serum and urine had been analyzed for calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid status. We found no effect of age on the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration associated with specific vitamin D intakes, and there was no relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25hydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. In every age group, serum 1,25(OH)2D declined with increasing creatinine (P < 0.001). What changed with age included creatinine, which correlated with 25(OH)D (r = 0.146, P < 0.001) only in the youngest age group (19–50 yr) but not in the older age groups (P > 0.1). Creatinine did not correlate with PTH in the youngest age group, but the relationship became significant as age increased (e.g. for the elderly, r = 0.365, P < 0.001). Linear regression of log PTH vs. log 25(OH)D agreed with the natural shape of the relationship observed with scatterplot smoothing, and this showed no plateau in PTH as 25(OH)D increased. We compared PTH concentrations among age groups, based on 20 nmol/liter increments in 25(OH)D. Mean PTH in adults older than 70 yr was consistently higher than in adults younger than 50 yr (P < 0.05 by ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test). PTH levels of the elderly who had 25(OH)D concentrations greater than 100 nmol/liter matched PTH of younger adults having 25(OH)D concentrations near 70 nmol/liter. This study shows that all age groups exhibit a high prevalence of 25(OH)D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Older adults are just as efficient in maintaining 25(OH)D, but they need more vitamin D to produce the higher 25(OH)D concentrations required to overcome the hyperparathyroidism associated with their diminishing renal function.

Particle-Size-Conversion Efficiency and Contaminant Concentrations in Lake Ontario Biota

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Borgmann ◽  
D. M. Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zooplankton Production

The particle-size-conversion efficiency (log food consumption/production divided by log predator prey size ratio) is shown to be directly related to the relationship between the concentration of persistent contaminants accumulated primarily through the food chain and body size for organisms in pelagic ecosystems. The difference between particle-size-conversion efficiency for biomass and that for the contaminant gives the slope of the relationship between log contaminant concentration and log body size. This provides a useful theoretical framework for analyzing contaminant concentrations in aquatic biota without the need for specifying trophic level but still incorporating the idea of food chain accumulation. Concentrations of PCB, DDT, and mercury were examined in aquatic organisms from Lake Ontario, ranging in size from zooplankton to large salmonids (a 108 -fold range in dry weight). The slope of the double log plot of concentration versus weight varied from 0.20 to 0.22 for PCB and DDT and was approximately equal to 0.13 for mercury. This indicates that mercury is accumulated less efficiently through the food chain than PCB or DDT. After correcting for incomplete uptake and retention of the contaminant, an estimate of particle-size-conversion efficiency for biomass of about 0.26 was obtained, which agrees reasonably well with previous estimates obtained from growth efficiency experiments and analysis of particle-size spectra. These calculations indicate that potential fish production in Lake Ontario is ~ 120-fold lower than zooplankton production (for fish averaging 108-fold larger in body size as compared to zooplankton).Key words: particle-size-conversion efficiency, PCB, DDT, mercury, zooplankton production, fish production

The structure of time perspective: Age-related differences in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Sobol-Kwapinska ◽  
Aneta Przepiorka ◽  
Philip P Zimbardo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
Three Factor

The purpose of the paper is to present the main findings on the factor structure of time perspective measured using the Polish version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Zimbardo and Boyd, 1999) in different age groups. A total of 2789 adults took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory items was conducted in a group of respondents aged 18–78 years to verify the original five-factor structure. Separate principal component analyses were carried out for three age groups: 18–27, 28–39, and 40–65 years old. In the group of students, a fairly clear five-factor structure of time perspective was found. In the group of the oldest respondents, a three-factor structure emerged, which can be described as follows: Past-Negative combined with Present-Fatalistic, Past-Positive combined with Future, and a separate factor corresponding to the Present-Hedonistic scale. Differences in the factor structure of time perspective were interpreted in the context of developmental change.

scholarly journals INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT AMONG THREE POPULATIONS OF AN INTERTIDAL GASTROPOD, Nerita japonica (Dunker)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Carolus Paruntu
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Gonad ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Intertidal Gastropod ◽  
Intertidal Habitats ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present research is to figure out the reproductive effort of Nerita japonica occurring in three different intertidal habitats of Amakusa Shimoshima Island, western Kyushu, Japan. Rocky shore population and other two stony shore populations (the upper stony shore and the lower stony shore) were described based on: (a) its mean mature gonad dry weight, (b) reproductive effort, and (c) the relationship between reproductive effort and body size. Data recorded in the period of spawning season. The results revealed that there were mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort variations among three snail populations. Mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort were larger for the Rocky shore population, intermediate for lower stone shore population, and smaller for the upper stone shore population. In one out of three populations, i.e., the upper stone shore population, reproductive effort of mature females increased significantly with an increase in body size. The data showed that reproductive effort is related to adult body size of N. japonica. There was an intraspecific variation in reproductive effort among three populations of N. japonica over even small geographic distances. Keywords: mature body size, mature gonad dry weight, reproductive effort, intraspecific variation, Nerita japonica.  Variasi Indeks Kematangan Gonad Interspesies pada Tiga Populasi Gastropoda Intertidal, Nerita japonica (Dunder)) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan indeks kematangan gonad dari gastropoda intertidal, Nerita japonica yang hidup di tiga habitat yang berbeda di Pulau Shimoshima Amakusa, Kyushu bagian barat, Jepang. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap populasi adalah: (a) nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad matang, (b) indeks kematangan gonad, dan (c) hubungan antara indeks kematangan gonad dan ukuran tubuh. Data dicatat pada periode musim pemijahan. Ketiga populasi memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad yang matang dan indeks kematangan gonad yang berbeda. Populasi pantai berbatu memiliki nilai rata-rata berat kering matang gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad yang paling besar, diikuti oleh nilai dari populasi pantai berbatu bagian bawah dan populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memiliki nilai yang paling kecil. Selanjutnya, satu dari tiga populasi, yaitu populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memperlihatkan indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu betina N. japonica berhubungan dengan ukuran tubuhnya. Sekalipun indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu N. japonica meningkat secara signifikan dengan bertambahnya ukuran tubuh, namun terdapat variasi intraspesifik pada N. japonica dalam hal indeks kematangan gonad menurut habitat walaupun secara geografis berdekatan.Kata kunci: ukuran tubuh matang kelamin, berat kering gonad matang, indeks kematangan gonad, variasi intraspesifik, Nerita japonica.

The Respiratory Physiology of the Marine Nematodes Enoplus Brevis (Bastian) and E. Communis (Bastian)

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
H. J. ATKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Respiratory Physiology ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The rate of oxygen consumption of individual males of Enoplus brevis and E. communis was measured at 15 °C and at each of four oxygen tensions, 135, 75, 35, and 12 Torr, after at least 12 h experience of these conditions. 2. It was clearly demonstrated that the level of oxygen consumption of both species was reduced by each lowering of the imposed oxygen tension. 3. In all cases the oxygen consumption of each species fell with increasing body size. On a unit dry-weight basis the oxygen consumption of E. brevis is greater than that of the larger E. communis, but after allowing for the difference of body size the two species have more or less similar oxygen uptakes at all oxygen tensions. 4. In E. brevis oxygen tension influenced the relationship of body size and metabolism, the slope relating oxygen consumption and body weight becomes steeper with decreasing oxygen tension. This effect was not shown by E. communis. 5. Some general factors influencing the availability of oxygen to nematodes are considered.

Age Differences in Change-of-Direction Performance and Its Subelements in Female Football Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Hirose ◽  
Chikako Nakahori
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Age Related

Purpose:To describe cross-sectional age differences in change-of-direction performance (CODp) in female football players and investigate the relationship between CODp and linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size.Methods:A sample of 135 well-trained female football players was divided into 8 age groups. Anthropometry (height, body mass, and lean body mass) and athletic performance (10-m sprint speed, 10-m × 5-CODp, and 5-step bounding distance) were compared to determine interage differences using ANOVA. Then, the participants were divided into 3 age groups: 12- to 14-y-olds, 15- to 17-y-olds, and ≥ 18 y-olds. Simple- and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between CODp and the other measurement variables in each age group.Results:Age-related differences were found for CODp (F = 10.41, P < .01), sprint speed (F = 3.27, P < .01), and bounding distance (F = 4.20, P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed that the CODp of 17-y-old players was faster than that of 16-y-old players (P < .01), with no interage differences in sprint speed and bounding distance. Sprint speed and bounding distance were weakly correlated with CODp in 15- to ≥18-y-old players, but only sprint speed was correlated with CODp in 12- to 14-y-old players.Conclusions:CODp improves from 16 to 17 y of age in female players. Linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size were weakly correlated with the age differences in CODp.

scholarly journals Isometric Strength in Volleyball Players of Different Age: A Multidimensional Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Majstorović ◽  
Milivoj Dopsaj ◽  
Vladimir Grbić ◽  
Zoran Savić ◽  
Aleksandar Vićentijević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Single Score ◽  
Male Subjects

Physical abilities modelling has a profound connection with long-term athlete development and talent identification. There is not enough data to support evidence about age-related changes in volleyball players’ isometric strength. This study aimed to define the age-related model of volleyball players multidimensional muscles’ contractile characteristics. The participants were divided according to gender (male n = 112, female n = 371) and according to age into four groups: under 15 (U15), under 17 (U17), under 19 (U19), and under 21 (U21) years old. Participants performed three isometric strength tests: handgrip, lumbar extensors, and ankle extensors. Maximal force and rate of force development results from all three tests were transformed into a single Score value as a representation of contractile potentials using principal component analysis. The main findings were that Score values of both genders showed significant differences between age groups (male: F = 53.17, p < 0.001; Female: F = 41.61, p < 0.001). Trends of those yearly changes were slightly more balanced for female subjects (3.9%) compared to male subjects (6.3%). These findings could help in strength training adjustments when working with volleyball players of a certain age, and enable coaches to detect ones that stand out positively, considering them as strong in regard to their age.

scholarly journals Unique Transcriptome Changes in Peripheral B Cells Revealed by Comparing Age Groups From Naive or Vaccinated Mice, Including snoRNA and Cdkn2a

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2326-2332
Author(s):  
Robin L Baudier ◽  
Kevin J Zwezdaryk ◽  
Malwina Czarny-Ratajczak ◽  
Lauren H Kodroff ◽  
Deborah E Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
Canonical Pathways

Abstract Aging is associated with a decline in immune function that is not fully understood including vaccine failure. Here we report transcriptomic analysis on B cells from naive or influenza-vaccinated mice of 3 ages: young (15–23 weeks), middle-aged (63–81 weeks), and old mice (103–119 weeks). Our goal was expression profiling of B cells by age and history of vaccination to identify novel changes at the transcriptome level. We observed waning vaccine responses with age. In B cell transcripts, age and vaccination history were both important with notable differences observed in conducted analyses (eg, principal component, gene set enrichment, differentially expressed [DE] genes, and canonical pathways). Only 39 genes were significantly DE with age irrespective of vaccine history. This included age-related changes to box C/D small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, Snord123 and Snord1a. Box C/D snoRNAs regulate rRNAs through methylation and are linked to neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and cancer diseases but not specifically B cells or age. Canonical pathway changes implicated with age irrespective of vaccination history included EIF2, mTOR signaling, p53, Paxillin, and Tec kinase signaling pathways as well as cell cycle checkpoint. Importantly, we identified DE genes and pathways that were progressively altered starting in middle-age (eg, signaling by Rho family GTPases) or only altered in middle-age (eg, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling), despite minimal differences in the ability of these mice to respond to vaccination compared to younger mice. Our results indicate the importance of vaccination or immune stimulation and analyses of multiple age ranges for aging B cell studies and validate an experimental model for future studies.

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