ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTION

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAYLA SAWYER ◽  
LIQIAO QIN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER SHING
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Gallium Nitride ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Emission ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Linear Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Lift Off

Zinc Oxide ( ZnO ) nanoparticles were created by a top-down wet-chemistry synthesis process ( ZnO - A ) and then coated with polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) ( ZnO - U ). In ZnO - U , strong UV emission was apparent while the parasitic green emission, which normally appears in ZnO suspensions, was suppressed. A standard lift-off process via e-beam lithography was used to fabricate a detector by evaporating Aluminum ( Al ) as ohmic electrodes on the ZnO nanoparticle film. Photoconductivity experiments showed that linear current-voltage response were achieved and the ZnO - U nanoparticles based detector had a ratio of UV photo-generated current more than 5 times better than that of the ZnO - A based detector. In addition, non-linear current-voltage responses were observed when interdigitated finger Gold ( Au ) contacts were deposited on ZnO - U . The UV generated current to dark current ratios were between 4 and 7 orders of magnitude, showing better performance than the photodetector with Al contacts. ZnO - U were also deposited on Gallium Nitride ( GaN ) and Aluminum Gallium Nitride ( AlGaN ) substrates to create spectrally selective photodetectors. The responsivity of detector based on AlGaN is twice that of commercial UV enhanced Silicon photodiodes. These results confirmed that ZnO nanoparticles coating with PVA is a good material for small-signal, visible blind, and wavelength selective UV detection.

scholarly journals Nonisothermal Kinetic Analysis and AC Conductivity for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Huda AlFannakh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Nonisothermal Kinetic ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Host Polymer ◽  
Nonisothermal Kinetic Analysis

The behavior of polyvinyl chlorine (PVC)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was investigated. To improve the dispersion and distribution of zinc nanoparticles within the host polymer (PVC), they were treated with water before being added to the polymer. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by casting method using different weight ratios of ZnO nanoparticles. The prepared nanocomposite samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Both thermal stability and kinetic analysis of the prepared samples were investigated. The ZnO nanoparticles lower the activation energy and decrease the thermal stability of PVC. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose models were used in the nonisothermal kinetic analysis of PVC/ZnO nanocomposite samples. The thermal stability behavior due to the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles was explained and correlated with the behavior of the kinetic parameters of the samples. The AC conductivity as function of frequency and temperature was also investigated. The addition of ZnO nanoparticle increases the AC conductivity, and the temperature-independent region decreased by increasing temperature. Both S and A coefficients were predicted using the Jonscher power law and OriginLab software. The trends of S and A coefficients were discussed based on the glass transition of the host polymer.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles againstCampylobacter jejuni

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 2325-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Xie ◽  
Yiping He ◽  
Peter L. Irwin ◽  
Tony Jin ◽  
Xianming Shi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle

ABSTRACTThe antibacterial effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles onCampylobacter jejuniwas investigated for inhibition and inactivation of cell growth. The results showed thatC. jejuniwas extremely sensitive to treatment with ZnO nanoparticles. The MIC of ZnO nanoparticles forC. jejuniwas determined to be 0.05 to 0.025 mg/ml, which is 8- to 16-fold lower than that forSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis andEscherichia coliO157:H7 (0.4 mg/ml). The action of ZnO nanoparticles againstC. jejuniwas determined to be bactericidal, not bacteriostatic. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that the majority of the cells transformed from spiral shapes into coccoid forms after exposure to 0.5 mg/ml of ZnO nanoparticles for 16 h, which is consistent with the morphological changes ofC. jejuniunder other stress conditions. These coccoid cells were found by ethidium monoazide-quantitative PCR (EMA-qPCR) to have a certain level of membrane leakage. To address the molecular basis of ZnO nanoparticle action, a large set of genes involved in cell stress response, motility, pathogenesis, and toxin production were selected for a gene expression study. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that in response to treatment with ZnO nanoparticles, the expression levels of two oxidative stress genes (katAandahpC) and a general stress response gene (dnaK) were increased 52-, 7-, and 17-fold, respectively. These results suggest that the antibacterial mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles is most likely due to disruption of the cell membrane and oxidative stress inCampylobacter.

scholarly journals Thin Film Gas Sensors Based on Planetary Ball-Milled Zinc Oxide Nanoinks: Effect of Milling Parameters on Sensing Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9676
Author(s):  
Raju Sapkota ◽  
Pengjun Duan ◽  
Tanay Kumar ◽  
Anusha Venkataraman ◽  
Chris Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle

Planetary ball-milled zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle suspensions (nanoinks) were used to produce thin film chemiresistive gas sensors that operate at room temperature. By varying milling or grinding parameters (speed, time, and solvent) different thin film gas sensors with tunable particle sizes and porosity were fabricated and tested with dry air/oxygen against hydrogen, argon, and methane target species, in addition to relative humidity, under ambient light conditions. Grinding speeds of up to 1000 rpm produced particle sizes and RMS thin film roughness below 100 nm, as measured by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and X-ray analysis confirmed the purity and structure of the resulting ZnO nanoparticles. Gas sensor response at room temperature was found to peak for nanoinks milled at 400 rpm and for 30 min in ethylene glycol and deionized water, which could be correlated to an increased film porosity and enhanced variation in electron concentration resulting from adsorption/desorption of oxygen ions on the surfaces of ZnO nanoparticles. Sensor response and dynamic behavior was found to improve as the temperature was increased, peaking between 100 and 150 °C. This work demonstrates the use of low-cost PBM nanoinks as the active materials for solution-processed thin film gas/humidity sensors for use in environmental, medical, food packaging, laboratory, and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Advancement in Microstructural, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of PVA (Mowiol 10-98) Doped by ZnO Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Rithin Kumar ◽  
Vincent Crasta ◽  
B. M. Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Studies

The current paper explores the preparation of PVA nanocomposites by doping with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the method of coagulation and solvent casting technique. The dopant zinc oxide nanoparticle is prepared by simple precipitation method and is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD studies explore that the average particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles is 55 nm and show that the crystallinity factor of PVA nanocomposites is influenced by the interaction occurring between the PVA main chain and the ZnO nanoparticle. The FTIR spectroscopy suggests that the formulation of complexes occurring between the dopants and the PVA main chain is due to inter or intra molecular hydrogen bonding. UV-vis spectra explore the dramatic decrease in the optical energy gap of nanoparticles doped polymer composites and the variations of Urbach energy (Eu) related to crystallinity for various dopant concentrations. The mechanical properties of the PVA nanocomposites were explored using universal testing machine (UTM) that reflects that, for x=15% doping concentration, there is an increase in the tensile strength, stiffness, and Young’s modulus, whereas, for x=7.5% concentration, the percentage total elongation at fracture is found to be the maximum. The morphological behavior and homogenous nanoparticle distribution in the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).

Effect of ZnO Concentration on the Diameter of Electrospun Fibers from Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composited with ZnO Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Tongsai Jamnongkan ◽  
Supranee Kaewpirom ◽  
Amnuay Wattanakornsiri ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Use

Recently, the composited nanofiber attraction has been growing from researchers across the world due to its exciting opportunities for use in biomedical applications. In this study, we fabricated electrospun fibers from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composited with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle for potential use in biomedical applications. From the experimental results, there was not any chemical bonding between the ZnO nanoparticles and the PVA molecules. The effect of concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in PVA solution on the diameter of electrospun fibers was found that the diameter of electrospun fibers increased with raising the concentration of suspended ZnO nanoparticles in solution. This is probably because the effect of nanoparticles on the diameter of electrospun fibers was through their effect on the viscosity of solution. In addition, we found that the diameter of electrospun fibers depended on the solution and processing parameters.

Comparison of the effects of zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the expression of hepcidin gene in rat liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Pirouz Pourmohammad ◽  
Reza Alipanah-Moghadam ◽  
Ali Nemati ◽  
Vadoud Malekzadeh ◽  
Yavar Mahmoodzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Hepcidin Gene

Abstract Objectives Nanoparticles have special properties, such as increased intestinal absorption, permeability, and so on. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have medical applications such as using in drug production. Studies of ZnO nanoparticles have shown the role of these particles in reducing or increasing the genes expression. Given the important role of hepcidin in the development of anemia and iron overload diseases, this study investigated the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the hepatic expression of the hepcidin gene to help find a way to treat these diseases. Methods In this experimental study, 24 male Westar rats were divided into three groups: control, ZnO treating group and ZnO nanoparticle treating group. Both ZnO and ZnO nanoparticles were injected with 50 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. At the end, serums were collected and iron, ferritin and IL-6 levels were measured. Expression of the hepcidin gene was done by Real Time PCR. Results ZnO and the ZnO nanoparticle significantly increased the expression of the hepcidin gene relative to the control group. The increase in expression of the hepcidin gene in ZnO nanoparticles was more significant than in the ZnO. Conclusion ZnO nanoparticles led to significant increase in expression of the hepcidin gene.

scholarly journals Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.

F1000Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Gabriel Amani Kaningini ◽  
Shohreh Azizi ◽  
Hlengilizwe Nyoni ◽  
Fhatuwani Nixwel Mudau ◽  
Keletso Cecilia Mohale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Natural Extract ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Athrixia Phylicoides

Background: Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much consideration due to its technological and medicinal applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles using Athrixia phylicoides DC natural extract as a reducing agent.   Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).   Results: LC-MS results showed that different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to form ZnO nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis analysis confirmed the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-spherical ZnO crystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity.   Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A. phylicoides DC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pure ZnO nanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.

scholarly journals Chronic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Exposure Produces Hepatic and Pancreatic Impairment in Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini ◽  
◽  
Reza Amani ◽  
Amir Hossein Moshrefi ◽  
Seyed Vahid Razavimehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Background: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are used for various industrial and domestic purposes and its release into the environment leads to the adverse effects among humans. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rat exposure to ZnO nanoparticles on the histopathology of the liver and pancreas tissues, and serum oxidative stress parameters. Methods: Eighty female adult Wistar rats were divided into eight experimental, control and sham groups. They received ZnO nanoparticles at 4, 8, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, or normal saline intraperitoneally for 30 days twice a week. Then, the blood samples of the rats were collected by heart puncture for biochemical analyses, and then sacrificed. Finally, the liver and pancreas tissues were harvested for histopathological examinations. Results: Significant amounts of nanoparticles were accumulated in the liver and pancreas of the rats, causing tissue and cellular damages. The ZnO nanoparticles reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, glucose, cholesterol, albumin, and increased the bilirubin and liver enzymes, such as ALT, AST, ALP, amylase and lipase at high doses. In addition, the evidence of histopathological lesions, hyperemia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and necrosis were noted in the liver and pancreas tissue slides upon microscopic examinations. Finally, the body and liver weights decreased in the rat groups receiving ZnO nanoparticle dose dependently. Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticles had toxic effects on the liver and pancreas, leading to destructive tissue and cellular changes in the rats.

scholarly journals Effect of NaOH concentration on optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Koutu ◽  
Lokesh Shastri ◽  
M. M. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Co Precipitation

AbstractIn the present work, powder zinc oxide samples were prepared by varying NaOH concentration (0.1 M – 0.4 M) using wet-chemical co-precipitation method. As-synthesized ZnO was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. Formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure of the ZnO samples has been revealed from XRD studies. This study further suggests reduction in crystallite size from 40 nm to 23 nm with an increase in NaOH concentration which is confirmed by FESEM. PL and Raman spectroscopy studies of these samples show significant peak shift towards the higher and lower energy respectively, with maximum PL emission between 400 nm and 470 nm region of the visible spectrum. Noticeable inverse relationship between optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles and NaOH concentration may be attributed to the rapid nucleation during the synthesis process. With these remarkable properties, ZnO nanoparticles may find applications in nanoelectronic devices, sensors, nanomedicine, GATE dielectrics, photovoltaic devices, etc.

Factorial Experimental Design for Optimization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina E. El-Ghwas ◽  
Tarek E. Mazeed ◽  
Amr El-Waseif ◽  
Hind A. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Omar A. Almaghrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Meat Extract ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Taguchi Designs

Background: Biosynthetic nanomaterials have recently received increasing attention because they are non-toxic, clean, environmentally acceptable, safe, and biocompatible. Objective: In the present study, cell-free culture filtrate of Aspergillus sp. was used for extracellular synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Method: Plackett-Burman and Taguchi designs were implemented to optimize conditions for maximum ZnO nanoparticle production. In the Plackett-Burman design, 15 factors, representing different carbon and nitrogen sources, were studied. For the Taguchi design, an L-27 (313) standard orthogonal array was constructed to examine nine factors. Results: The maximum yield of ZnO nanoparticles of 21.73 g/L was achieved with 1.0 mM ZnSO4 under optimal conditions of peptone extract (20 g/L), yeast extract (10 g/L), meat extract (10 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.25 g/L), FeSO4⋅7H2O (0.002 g/L), NaCl (2.5 g/L), pH 6, 32°C, and a 200-mL volume. The ZnO nanoparticles’ production was confirmed by the formation of white aggregates. The UV absorption spectrum showed one peak at 376 nm, which also confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were large rods of 11.6-43.97 nm diameter, and 355.91 nm length. Importantly, the ZnO nanoparticles exhibited broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and a unicellular fungus. Conclusion: The concentrations of ZnSO4 ions, ferrous ions, and peptone and meat extracts, and the interactions between them, were observed to be the main parameters influencing ZnO nanoparticles’ yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document