Peritoneal absorption of macromolecules studied by quantitative autoradiography

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. H26-H32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Flessner ◽  
J. D. Fenstermacher ◽  
R. G. Blasberg ◽  
R. L. Dedrick
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Peritoneal Surface ◽  
Constant Versus

Transport experiments of 125I-human serum albumin from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma were conducted in 200-g female rats. Blood and peritoneal samples were collected at intervals over 2-3 h. After death and rapid freezing of the animal, transverse sections were cut in a cryomicrotome from several tissues surrounding the peritoneal cavity, and the distribution of the labeled albumin was measured by computerized quantitative macroautoradiography. Tissue concentrations (counts/min per wet tissue wt) in parietal tissues (anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm) were relatively constant versus distance from the peritoneum and represented a large fraction (0.5-1.0) of the concentration in the peritoneal cavity. Fractional concentrations in visceral tissues (liver, stomach, intestine) decreased from 0.20-0.35 at the peritoneal surface to 0.03-0.06 at a distance of 900 micron from the peritoneum. Uterine tissue concentrations lay between those of the parietal tissues and those of the viscera. The data are related to mechanisms of interstitial and lymphatic transport in these tissues.

Bidirectional peritoneal transport of immunoglobulin in rats: compartmental kinetics

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. F275-F287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Flessner ◽  
R. L. Dedrick ◽  
J. C. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
High Concentrations

Protein transport to and from fluid in the peritoneal cavity is observed during clinical procedures. Dialysate osmolality is a major determinant of net fluid flux into the cavity. We carried out experiments in rats to determine the plasma, peritoneal, and tissue concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G resulting from either intravenous (iv) or intraperitoneal (ip) administration during hypertonic or isotonic dialyses. After iv injection of IgG, overall mass transfer into the cavity was not affected by the osmolality. After ip injection, tissue concentrations were dependent on the dialysis duration. Protein absorption from the hypertonic dialysate into the surrounding tissue was quantitatively less than the absorption from an isotonic dialysis solution at 20 min. By 200 min, total protein transport was not affected by dialysate osmolality. Lymphatic transport to the plasma amounted to 20–25% of the total protein loss from the peritoneal cavity; approximately 60% of the absorbed dose was found in tissues surrounding the cavity at both 20 and 200 min, with particularly high concentrations in parietal areas. We conclude that immunoglobulin transport in the peritoneal tissue, resulting from either iv or ip injection, is influenced by route of administration but is little affected by dialysate osmolality. Peritoneal absorption of proteins occurs directly into the surrounding tissue interstitial space as a result of hydrostatic pressure-driven convection and diffusion.

The effect of dexamethasone on mucosal immunity of uterine tissue during pregnancy in rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Leukocytic Infiltration

Disturbances in early pregnancy immunity affect embryo development, endometrial receptivity, placental development, fetal growth and lead to subfertility, dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treatment of various complications. Immune cells and cytokines were examined during the early pregnancy in twenty-four female rats and six male rats for mating. Rats were grouped into two group control and dexamethasone treated by a dose of 50µgm/kgm body weight daily starting from one week before mating and persisted for one week after pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from each rat at 5hrs and at 1,3,7 day of pregnancy. Extracted RNA was subjected to real time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune related genes interleukin1a(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done to uterus in order to detect leukocyte infiltration in uterine tissue. Results showed that significant increase in white blood cell count mainly eosinophil at 5hrs and lymphocyte at three and seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Moreover, TNF, C-reactive protein and progesterone were increased mainly at seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Similarly, interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 10 significantly increased at 5hrs and one day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. In contrast, serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and estrogen were decreased significantly at 5hrs and seven day in dexamethasone treated group. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed leukocytic infiltration especially neutrophil and few eosinophils at five hours and one day of gestation then eosinophil become absent at 3day and seven day of dexamethasone group. Epithelial height and uterine gland diameter significantly increased at 5hrs, three day and seven days of gestation of dexamethasone treated group. The present investigation demonstrated that using of dexamethasone by dose of 50µgm/kgm during early pregnancy had a conflicting impact on some immune cytokines and parameters and may reflect a harmful response of immune system toward early period of pregnancy

METABOLISM OF 20β-HYDROXY-4-PREGNEN-3-ONE IN UTERINE TISSUE OF NON-PREGNANT RATS IN VITRO

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Lisboa ◽  
M. Holtermann
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

ABSTRACT In vitro experiments carried out with uterus preparations of ovariectomized adult rats indicate the presence in this tissue of a 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone. Since a hepatic 20β-hydroxysteroid-oxidoreductase is absent in adult female rats, the myometrial enzyme can be responsible for the biological activity of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in these animals. Besides progesterone five metabolites were isolated and identified after incubation of [4-14C]20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one with uterine tissue: 20β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one, 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20β-diol, 4-pregnene-3α,20β-diol and 4-pregnene-3β,20β-diol. The conversion of 20β-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one to progesterone permits us to regard all five steroids isolated as progesterone metabolites in the rat uterus. 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one is the first C21-metabolite with a 5β(H)-configuration isolated in the rat uterus, which indicates the presence of 5β-reductase in this tissue.

scholarly journals Subchronic Exposure to Cadmium Causes Persistent Changes in the Reproductive System in Female Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzenna Nasiadek ◽  
Marian Danilewicz ◽  
Michał Klimczak ◽  
Joanna Stragierowicz ◽  
Anna Kilanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Epithelium Thickness ◽  
Endometrial Epithelium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Cd Exposure

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant and endocrine disruptor in humans and animals, and recent studies have illustrated that the uterus is exceedingly sensitive to Cd toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of subchronic (90 days) oral Cd exposure in daily doses of 0.09-4.5 mg/kg b.w. on the balance of sex hormones by estimating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations in the uterus and plasma in comparison with the effects of 17β-E2. Additionally, the uterine weight, histopathological changes in the uterus and ovaries, the regularity of the estrous cycle, Cd bioaccumulation in uterine tissue, and selected biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were determined. A long period of observation (three and six months following the administration period) was used to assess whether the existing effects are reversible. The lowest dose of Cd caused effects similar to 17β-E2: an increase of E2 concentration in the uterus, endometrial epithelium thickness, and disturbed estrous cycle with estrus phase prolongation. The obtained results suggest that Cd causes nonlinear response. Higher doses of Cd caused a significant decrease in E2 concentration in the uterus and plasma, estrous cycle disturbances, endometrium atrophy, and structural damage in the ovaries. This dose additionally induces lipid peroxidation in the uterine tissues. It is noteworthy that a prolonged time of observation after terminating the exposure showed persistent changes in the concentration of E2 in uterine tissue, as well as alterations in estrous cycle phases, and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the uterus. Moreover, significant positive correlations between the plasma E2 concentration and endometrial epithelium thickness in all studied groups were found. In summary, subchronic oral Cd exposure of female rats may result in impaired fertility processes.

Transport of tracer albumin from peritoneum to plasma: role of diaphragmatic, visceral, and parietal lymphatics

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. H1549-H1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Zakaria ◽  
O. Simonsen ◽  
A. Rippe ◽  
B. Rippe
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption ◽  
Capillary Walls ◽  
Lymphatic Pathways

Using a technique to acutely seal off various parts of the peritoneal membrane surface, with or without evisceration, we investigated the role of diaphragmatic, visceral, and parietal peritoneal lymphatic pathways in the drainage of 125I-labeled albumin (RISA) from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma during acute peritoneal dialysis in artificially ventilated rats. The total RISA clearance out of the peritoneal cavity (Cl) as well as the portion of this Cl reaching the plasma per unit time (Cl⇢ P) were assessed. Under non-steady-state conditions, the Cl was fivefold higher than the Cl⇢ P. Evisceration caused a 25-30% reduction in both Cl⇢ P and Cl. Sealing of the diaphragm, however, reduced the Cl⇢ P by 55% without affecting the Cl. A further reduction in the Cl⇢ P was obtained by combining sealing of the diaphragm with evisceration, which again markedly reduced the Cl. However, the greatest reduction in the Cl was obtained when the peritoneal surfaces of the anterior abdominal wall were sealed off in eviscerated rats. The discrepancy between the Cl and the Cl⇢ P can be explained by the local entrance of fluid and macromolecules into periabdominal tissues, where fluid is rapidly absorbed through the capillary walls via the Starling forces, while macromolecules are accumulating due to their very slow uptake by tissue lymphatics under non-steady-state conditions. Of the portion of the total Cl that rapidly entered the plasma, conceivably by lymphatic absorption, 55% could be ascribed to diaphragmatic lymphatics 30% to visceral lymphatics, and only some 10-15% to parietal lymphatics.

Absorption of serum from the peritoneal cavity

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Raybuck ◽  
Lane Allen ◽  
W. S. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Peritoneal Surface ◽  
Peritoneal Drainage ◽  
Homologous Serum ◽  
Heterologous Serum

The subserous lymphatic plexus on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm was obliterated to study the removal of protein from the peritoneal cavity in the absence of lymphatic drainage. Cats weighing between 2 and 3 kg were used for this study. Homologous and heterologous serum was injected into the peritoneal cavity of lightly anesthetized animals. In control animals the absorption of 50 ml of homologous serum was complete in 9 hours, and absorption of 50 ml of heterologous serum required 24–36 hours. Cats in which lymphatic peritoneal drainage had been experimentally obstructed showed an increase in time interval for absorption of injection serums. Under this condition 144 hours was required for absorption of heterologous serum and 72 hours for homologous serum.

Retraction of an intraperitoneal chemotherapy port: a case report and literature review

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pendergrass ◽  
M. E. Gordinier ◽  
L. P. Parker ◽  
D. S. Metzinger ◽  
C. W. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

Delivery of chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity is becoming part of the standard frontline management of patients with optimally cytoreduced ovarian carcinoma. Traditionally, the peritoneal access devices used for this have had relatively high complication rates including infection, blockage, leakage, and difficulties with port access. In order to reduce the risk of infection, we have been using a Bard 9.6F silastic infusaport that does not have a Dacron cuff to secure it into the tissues of the anterior abdominal wall. It has the added advantage of being more easily removed at the end of treatment. We report a case of spontaneous retraction of such a port out of the peritoneal cavity into the subcutaneous tissues. This complication associated with a silastic cuffless port is presented to raise awareness of this possible complication and suggest ways of preventing it.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the macroscopic growth degree of experimental endometriosis in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Nogueira Neto ◽  
Orlando Jorge Martins Torres ◽  
Tarcísio Mota Coelho ◽  
Joel Nicolau Nogueira Nunes Júnior ◽  
Guilherme Carneiro Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
The Self ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Transplantation Technique

PURPOSE: To evaluate macroscopically the growth degree of self-transplantation of endometriosis in rats. METHODS: Forty female rats, after a 7-day period for adpating and evaluating of the estrous cycle regularity, underwent tail abdominal midline laparotomy with 3-cm cuts. The average third of the left uterine horn was removed, 4mm x 4mm patches in liquid environment were made, and self-transplanted in the rat mesenterium with a single stitch, and the endometrial surface of the endometriotic implant facing the lumen of the peritoneal cavity. The rats were programmed to die after three weeks. The abdominal cavity displaying was held and self-transplants were identified and classified. RESULTS: The results achieved were: one case for degree 0 (2,5%), three cases for degree 1 (7,5%), eleven cases for degree II (27,5%) and twenty-five cases for degree III (62,5%). CONCLUSION: The experimental endometriosis development, through the self-transplantation technique, showed to be most common in degrees 3 and 2 of development.

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR HEAT TRANSFER COUPLED WITH FLUID FLOW WITHIN PERITONEAL CAVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Simic ◽  
◽  
Jessica Domitrovic ◽  
Miljan Milosevic ◽  
Bogdan Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Peritoneal Surface

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an essential part of the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis [1,2]. HIPEC is a cancer treatment procedure that involves filling the abdominal cavity with chemotherapy drugs that have been heated (also known as “hot chemotherapy”). HIPEC is performed after the surgical procedure of removing tumors or lesions from the abdominal area. In the past 30 years, the approach of combining CRS with minimal residual disease and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy emerged as one with a potential for long-term survival. Multiple strategies have been employed to measure the functional peritoneal surface area and determine the required perfusion volume. For that purpose, we have developed a novel computational model (consisted from peritoneal cavity with immersed organs, generated from STL files), with precisely calculated functional peritoneal surface area and cavity volume (for each patient). Using finite element procedure, we have managed to model a heat transfer inside the cavity, coupled with fluid flow. Further, we summarized solutions for velocity and temperature field, obtained using our software package PAK accompanied by the visualization in-house CAD software. Aim is to develop a novel protocol to calculate optimal volume of perfusion that could be easily integrated into the preoperative procedure and to help surgeons to deliver a precise dose of chemotherapy to the peritoneum cavity.

scholarly journals Regulation of Mild Moxibustion on Uterine Vascular and Prostaglandin Contents in Primary Dysmenorrhea Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Sha Guo ◽  
Zhaoheng Chen ◽  
Kuiyu Ren ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Moxibustion Group ◽  
Mild Moxibustion

Objective. Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common and high incidence disease in gynecology, which seriously affects the quality of life in young women. Our previous study found that mild moxibustion could treat abdominal pain of PD patients, but the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to partly investigate the treatment mechanism of moxibustion for PD, especially on uterine microcirculation. Methods. Forty 3-month-old Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into four groups, including group A (saline control group, n = 10), group B (control plus moxibustion group, n = 10), group C (PD model group, n = 10), group D (PD. model plus moxibustion group, n = 10). The PD rat model was established by injecting estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. Mild moxibustion on Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Guanyuan (CV4) acupoints was once a day, 20 minutes per time, for 10 consecutive days. A vaginal smear was used to test the estrous cycle of rats. Uterine microvascular thickness was observed by stereomicroscope. And we detected the content of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in uterine tissue by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Mild moxibustion can enlarge the microvessels, improve the microcirculation disturbance, and relieve the swelling of the uterus in PD rats. During the mild moxibustion intervention, the contents of PGF2α and PGE2 in uterus issues were synchronous increases or decreases and the changes of PGE2 were more obvious, but the changes of uterine microvasculature and morphology caused by the decrease of PGF2α were greater than PGE2. Conclusion. Mild moxibustion at SP6 and CV4 acupoints may relax uterine microvascular obstacle by reducing the content of PGF2α in uterine tissue, improve the microcirculation disorder, and then alleviate the PD rat’s uterine swelling.

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