scholarly journals Nutrient-specific feeding and endocrine effects of jejunal infusions in obese animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (6) ◽  
pp. R420-R428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J. Dailey ◽  
Alexander A. Moghadam ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Intestinal Infusion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Infusion Period

Intestinal nutrient infusions result in variable decreases in food intake and body weight based on the nutrient type and the specific intestinal infusion site. We previously found that intrajejunal infusions of a fatty acid and glucose, but not casein hydrolysate, decreases food intake and body weight in lean chow-fed laboratory rats. To test whether obese, high fat-fed animals would show similar decreases in food intake and body weight in response to intrajejunal infusions of the same nutrients, equal kilocalorie loads of these nutrients (11.4 kcal) or vehicle were infused into the jejunum of obese, high fat-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats over 7 h/day for 5 consecutive days. Food intake was continuously monitored, and body weight was measured daily. After the infusion on the final day, rats were killed and plasma was collected. Similar to lean chow-fed rats, intrajejunal infusions of linoleic acid (LA) and glucose (Glu), but not casein hydrolysate (Cas), suppressed food intake with no compensatory increase in food intake after the infusion period. In contrast to lean chow-fed rats, only the LA, and not the Glu or Cas, produced decreases in body weight in the obese high fat-fed rat. There also were no differences in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in any of the nutrient infusion groups compared with saline infusion. These results suggest that there is a differential response to the same nutrients in lean vs. obese animals.

scholarly journals Chronic high-fat feeding increases GIP and GLP-1 secretion without altering body weight

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (10) ◽  
pp. G807-G815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Stephanie M. Yoder ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Alison B. Kohan ◽  
Tammy L. Kindel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lymphatic Duct ◽  
Secretion Profile ◽  
Incretin Secretion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), enhance postprandial insulin secretion, promote adipogenesis, and regulate gastrointestinal motility and food intake. To date, a consensus on how the incretin response is altered in obesity is lacking. We investigated the effects of chronic high-fat (HF) feeding on incretin secretion in the lymph fistula rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk) were provided a semipurified AIN93M HF or low-fat (LF) diet ad libitum for 3 or 13 wk; a HF pair-fed (HF-PF) group was included as a control during the 3-wk feeding trial. Energy intake, body weight, and body composition were regularly monitored. At the culmination of the feeding period, an intestinal lymphatic duct cannula and duodenal infusion tube were installed. All animals were challenged with a 3-ml Ensure bolus (3.125 kcal/animal) to measure lymphatic incretin secretion. Despite a significantly higher energy intake, both the 3-wk and 13-wk HF-fed animals did not have an increase in body weight and only a slight increase in body fat compared with LF-fed rats. Following the duodenal Ensure challenge, the 3-wk and 13-wk HF-fed rats had significantly greater lymphatic GIP and GLP-1 secretion than the LF-fed animals. Additionally, the HF-PF group displayed a secretion profile similar to the HF-fed animals for GIP but a similar pattern to the LF-fed animals for GLP-1. The HF-PF data suggest that the increased GIP secretion is driven by the greater percentage of fat intake, whereas the increased GLP-1 secretion is driven by the excess caloric intake.

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

Attenuation of circadian rhythms of food intake and respiration in aging diabetes-prone BHE/Cdb rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. R230-R238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton E. Mathews ◽  
Kathie Wickwire ◽  
Wiliam P. Flatt ◽  
Carolyn D. Berdanier
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Typical Day ◽  
Food Intake Patterns

The hypothesis that BHE/Cdb rats with mutations in their mitochondrial genome might accommodate this mutation by changing their food intake patterns was tested. Four experiments were conducted. Experiments 1 and 2examined food intake patterns of BHE/Cdb rats fed a stock diet or BHE/Cdb and Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet from weaning. Experiment 3 examined the daily rhythms of respiration and heat production in these rats at 200 days of age. Experiment 4 examined the effects of diet composition on these measurements at 50-day intervals. The Sprague-Dawley rats, regardless of diet, had the typical day-night rhythms of feeding and respiration. In contrast, the BHE/Cdb rats fed the high-fat diet showed normal rhythms initially, but with age, these rhythms were attenuated. The changes in rhythms preceded the development of glucose intolerance.

scholarly journals Atypical cannabinoid ligands O-1602 and O-1918 administered chronically in diet-induced obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C Simcocks ◽  
Kayte A Jenkin ◽  
Lannie O’Keefe ◽  
Chrishan S Samuel ◽  
Michael L Mathai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
G Protein ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Atypical cannabinoid compounds O-1602 and O-1918 are ligands for the putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 and G protein-coupled receptor 18. The role of O-1602 and O-1918 in attenuating obesity and obesity-related pathologies is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role that either compound had on body weight and body composition, renal and hepatic function in diet-induced obesity. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (40% digestible energy from lipids) or a standard chow diet for 10 weeks. In a separate cohort, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 9 weeks and then injected daily with 5 mg/kg O-1602, 1 mg/kg O-1918 or vehicle (0.9% saline/0.75% Tween 80) for a further 6 weeks. Our data demonstrated that high-fat feeding upregulates whole kidney G protein receptor 55 expression. In diet-induced obesity, we also demonstrated O-1602 reduces body weight, body fat and improves albuminuria. Despite this, treatment with O-1602 resulted in gross morphological changes in the liver and kidney. Treatment with O-1918 improved albuminuria, but did not alter body weight or fat composition. In addition, treatment with O-1918 also upregulated circulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-2, IL-17α, IL-18 and RANTES as well as plasma AST. Thus O-1602 and O-1918 appear not to be suitable treatments for obesity and related comorbidities, due to their effects on organ morphology and pro-inflammatory signaling in obesity.

Postnatal intracerebroventricular exposure to neuropeptide Y causes weight loss in female adult rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1560-R1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Varma ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Lisa Weissfeld ◽  
Sherin U. Devaskar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Arcuate Nuclei

We investigated the effect of repetitive postnatal (2–7 days) intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body weight gain in the 3- to 120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. NPY caused a 32% transient increase in body weight gain with elevated circulating insulin concentrations within 24 h. This early intervention led to the persistence of hyperinsulinemia and relative hyperleptinemia with euglycemia in the 120-day-old female alone. This perturbation was associated with 50% suppression in adult female hypothalamic NPY concentrations and a 50–85% decline in NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. This change was paralleled by a ∼20% decline in food intake and body weight gain at 60 and 120 days. However, when exogenous NPY was stereotaxically reinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the ∼120-day-old adult females who were pretreated with NPY postnatally, an increase in food intake and body weight gain was noted, attesting to no disruption in the NPY end-organ responsivity. We conclude that postnatal intracerebroventricular NPY has long-lasting effects that predetermine the resultant adult phenotype in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals The Effects of Duodenojejunal Omega Switch in Combination with High-Fat Diet and Control Diet on Incretins, Body Weight, and Glucose Tolerance in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 748-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Stygar ◽  
Tomasz Sawczyn ◽  
Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek ◽  
Aleksander J. Owczarek ◽  
Natalia Matysiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals A 4-Week Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity Study of Bojungikgi-Tang in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Hyekyung Ha ◽  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Su-Cheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Oral

Traditional herbal medicines have been used for centuries in Asian countries. However, recent studies have led to increasing concerns about the safety and toxicity of herbal prescriptions. Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT), a herbal decoction, has been used in Korea to improve physical strength. To establish the safety information, BJIGT water extract was evaluated in a 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity test in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley rats. BJIGT was orally administered in daily doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks via oral gavage in male and female rats. We examined the mortality, clinical signs, body weight change, food intake, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters. No significant changes were observed in mortality, clinical sings, body weight, food intake, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters between the control group and the BJIGT-treated groups in the rats of both sexes. The results indicate that BJIGT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. Thus, this concentration is considered the nonobservable effect dose in rats and is appropriate for a 13-week subchronic toxicity study.

scholarly journals Anti-obesity Activity Tin Leaf Extract (Ficus carica Linn) on the Rats given High Fat Diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Errol Rakhmad Noordam ◽  
Swasono R. Tamat ◽  
Syamsudin Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

Obesity is a health problem in the community because it can cause a risk of degenerative diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancer, and atherosclerosis. Unhealthy lifestyles such as lack of physical activity by exercising, a diet high in carbohydrates and fats, can cause fat deposits in the body, especially in the abdomen. The use of chemical drugs such as Orlistat as a weight loss or to help reduce the risk of regaining lost weight, is less effective because it requires a long consumption time and the presence of side effects. Tin leaf content (Ficus carica Linn) is flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and steroids, tin leaf extract has IC50 150mg/L antioxidant activity. This study was to determine the anti-obesity activity of tin leaf extract in male Sprague-Dawley rats given a high fat diet. 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were classified into 6 groups. The results obtained, in the group dose of 100 mg / kg obtained an average body weight of 381.8 grams, the test group 200 mg / kg obtained an average body weight of 414.5 grams, in the test group 400 mg / kg obtained 387 grams. The conclusion of this study is that the activity of Tin leaf extract (Ficus carica Linn) can be used as an anti-obesity.

Resistance to Dietary Obesity in Rats Given Different High-Energy Diets

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pérez de Heredia ◽  
Garaulet ◽  
Puy Portillo ◽  
Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dietary Obesity

Susceptibility to dietary obesity was studied in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to different high-energy diets. Experiment 1: female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed chow (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (n = 12) for 22 weeks. Experiment 2: Wistar rats were fed chow or a high-fat diet, and Sprague-Dawley rats were given chow, high-fat, sweet condensed milk, or cafeteria diets, for eight weeks (6 animals per group). Food intake and body weight were recorded weekly. Adipose tissue was collected from periovarian, mesenteric, and subcutaneous regions and adipocytes were isolated and measured. Both strains showed similar energy intake and body weight gain. Wistar rats reached greater final body fat contents than Sprague-Dawley rats, regardless of the type of diet. However, resistance to dietary obesity was found in 100% of cases in both experiments. None of the diets succeeded in increasing body fat accumulation when compared to control groups. All adipose tissue locations were equally unaffected, with periovarian fat cells being larger than those in mesenteric and subcutaneous regions in all the groups. In view of the strong resistance to obesity observed in rats, it should be important for researchers to transmit the difficulties of inducing dietary obesity in these animals, in order to prevent bias in science interpretation.

Intracerebroventricular infusions of 3-OHB and insulin in a rat model of dietary obesity

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. R974-R981 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arase ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
N. S. Shargill ◽  
D. A. York ◽  
G. A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion

We examined the effect of dietary fat on the response to 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) and insulin infused chronically into the third ventricle in three strains of rats with differing susceptibility to obesity induced by a high-fat diet: Osborne-Mendel rats are most susceptible; Sprague-Dawley-rats are intermediate; and S 5B/Pl rats are most resistant. Ten days after implantation of cannulas into the third ventricle, rats were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 14 days. On day 7, osmotic minipumps were attached to the ventricular cannulas. 3-OHB infusions (3.6 mumol/24 h) reduced food intake and body weight in Sprague-Dawley and Osborne-Mendel rats eating either diet. The dietary fat-resistant S 5B/Pl rats did not respond to the intracerebroventricular infusion of 3-OHB. The infusion of insulin (10 mU/24 h) lowered food intake and body weight in animals eating the low-fat (high-carbohydrate) diet but not in animals eating the high-fat diet. Diet profoundly affects the response to intracerebroventricular infusions of insulin but is without effect on the response to 3-OHB.

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