scholarly journals Structural changes of tissue samples exposed to low frequency electromagnetic field: A FT-IR absorbance study

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Crupi ◽  
S. Interdonato ◽  
D. Majolino ◽  
M. R. Mondello ◽  
S. Pergolizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Wavenumber Region ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

In the present work, we report on a preliminary Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Absorbance study performed on different kind of rat tissues, such as kidney and heart, exposed to a “non-ionizing” radiation source at low frequency, in the range typical of micro-waves (300 MHz <v< 300 GHz). The data were collected in a wide wavenumber region, from 400 cm−1to 4000 cm−1. The comparison of the absorbance spectra in the case of the normal tissues with the irradiated ones has shown significant differences in the spectral features in accordance with the morphological analysis performed by the optical microscopy.

scholarly journals Detection of Gastric Cancer with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Support Vector Machine Classification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingbo Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Ling ◽  
Jin Guang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Leave One Out

Early diagnosis and early medical treatments are the keys to save the patients' lives and improve the living quality. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can distinguish malignant from normal tissues at the molecular level. In this paper, programs were made with pattern recognition method to classify unknown samples. Spectral data were pretreated by using smoothing and standard normal variate (SNV) methods. Leave-one-out cross validation was used to evaluate the discrimination result of support vector machine (SVM) method. A total of 54 gastric tissue samples were employed in this study, including 24 cases of normal tissue samples and 30 cases of cancerous tissue samples. The discrimination results of SVM method showed the sensitivity with 100%, specificity with 83.3%, and total discrimination accuracy with 92.2%.

scholarly journals MODELAGEM COMPUTACIONAL DE PROPRIEDADES LUMINESCENTES DEPENDENTES DA TEMPERATURA DE COMPLEXOS CONTENDO ÍONS TRIVALENTES DE LANTANÍDEOS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Gabrielly Almeida de Lima ◽  
Keyla Mirelly Nunes de Souza ◽  
Juliana Angeiras Batista da Silva ◽  
Ricardo L. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Vibrational Modes ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Intensity Parameters ◽  
The Eu

Lanthanide-containing complexes have been extensively studied because of their structural diversity and wide applications as in luminescent, catalytic, and magnetic materials. Considering the emission intensities of Eu3+ ion and its spectral features, we propose to investigate the photophysical properties associated with luminescence thermometry of the [Eu(hfa)3(bpyO2)] and [Eu(bpyO2)4]3+ complexes, where hfa = hexafluoroacetilacetonate and bpyO2 = 2,2'-Bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide, to obtain the relation between the Judd-Ofelt parameters ΩJ (J = 2 and 4) and the temperature from structural changes along several low frequency vibrational modes, associated with the variation of the coordination polyhedron, according to the available thermal energy. The results suggest the intensity parameters dependence on the evaluated structural changes, which is higher for the parameter Ω4, leading to temperature dependence of the Ω2 and Ω4 parameters. These results are corroborated by experimental data and could contribute to quantitative methodology for modeling the luminescence of these structures and their role in proposing new thermometric parameters.

scholarly journals A deep learning-based model of normal histology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Sing ◽  
Holger Hoefling ◽  
Imtiaz Hossain ◽  
Julie Boisclair ◽  
Arno Doelemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rat Tissue ◽  
Human Primate ◽  
Abnormal Tissue

AbstractDeep learning models have been applied on various tissues in order to recognize malignancies. However, these models focus on relatively narrow tissue context or well-defined pathologies. Here, instead of focusing on pathologies, we introduce models characterizing the diversity of normal tissues. We obtained 1,690 slides with rat tissue samples from the control groups of six preclinical toxicology studies, on which tissue regions were outlined and annotated by pathologists into 46 different tissue classes. From these annotated regions, we sampled small patches of 224 × 224 pixels at six different levels of magnification. Using four studies as training set and two studies as test set, we trained VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Inception-v3 networks separately at each of these magnification levels. Among these models, Inception-v3 consistently outperformed the other networks and attained accuracies up to 83.4% (top-3 accuracy: 96.3%). Further analysis showed that most tissue confusions occurred within clusters of histologically similar tissues. Investigation of the embedding layer using the UMAP method revealed not only pronounced clusters corresponding to the individual tissues, but also subclusters corresponding to histologically meaningful structures that had neither been annotated nor trained for. This suggests that the histological representation learned by the normal histology network could also be used to flag abnormal tissue as outliers in the embedding space without a need to explicitly train for specific types of abnormalities. Finally, we found that models trained on rat tissues can be used on non-human primate and minipig tissues with minimal retraining.Author contributionT.S. and H.H. contributed equally to this work.Significance statementLike many other scientific disciplines, histopathology has been profoundly impacted by recent advances in machine learning with deep neural networks. In this field, most deep learning models reported in the literature are trained on pathologies in specific tissues/contexts. Here, we aim to establish a model of normal tissues as a foundation for future models of histopathology. We build models that are specific to histopathology images and we show that their embeddings are better feature vectors for describing the underlying images than those of off-the shelf CNN models. Therefore, our models could be useful for transfer learning to improve the accuracy of other histopathology models.

scholarly journals Effects on Lignin Redistribution in Eucalyptus globulus Fibres Pre-Treated by Steam Explosion: A Microscale Study to Cellulose Accessibility

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Eduardo Troncoso-Ortega ◽  
Rosario del P. Castillo ◽  
Pablo Reyes-Contreras ◽  
Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽  
Regis Teixeira Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Steam Explosion ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Cellulose Accessibility ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Enzymatic Accessibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this study was to investigate structural changes and lignin redistribution in Eucalyptus globulus pre-treated by steam explosion under different degrees of severity (S0), in order to evaluate their effect on cellulose accessibility by enzymatic hydrolysis. Approximately 87.7% to 98.5% of original glucans were retained in the pre-treated material. Glucose yields after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated material improved from 19.4% to 85.1% when S0 was increased from 8.53 to 10.42. One of the main reasons for the increase in glucose yield was the redistribution of lignin as micro-particles were deposited on the surface and interior of the fibre cell wall. This information was confirmed by laser scanning confocal fluorescence and FT-IR imaging; these microscopic techniques show changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of pre-treated fibres. In addition, the results allowed the construction of an explanatory model for microscale understanding of the enzymatic accessibility mechanism in the pre-treated lignocellulose.

Effects of in-Office and at-Home Bleaching on Human Enamel and Dentin: An in vitro Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1274-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Severcan ◽  
Kurtulus Gokduman ◽  
Ayca Dogan ◽  
Sukran Bolay ◽  
Saadet Gokalp
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
At Home

In-office and at-home bleaching techniques are widely used methods for the whitening of teeth. However, the safety of these techniques has not been clarified yet. The aim of the current study is to investigate the in-office- and at-home-bleaching-induced structural and quantitative changes in human enamel and dentin at the molecular level, under in vitro conditions. The Fourier transform mid-infrared (mid-FT-IR) spectroscopic technique was used to monitor bleaching-induced structural changes. Band frequency and intensity values of major absorptions such as amide A, amide I, phosphate (PO4), and carbonate (CO3−2) bands, for treatment groups and control, were measured and compared. The results revealed that both procedures have negligible effects on dentin constituents. In office-bleached enamel, in addition to demineralization, a decrease in protein and polysaccharide concentrations, mineral-to-protein ratio, and the strength of hydrogen bonds around NH groups, as well as a change in protein secondary structure were observed. The protein structure changed from β-sheet to random coil, which is an indication of protein denaturation. However, no significant variations were observed for at-home bleached enamel. The control, at-home, and in-office bleached enamel samples were differentiated with a high accuracy using cluster analysis based on FT-IR data. This study revealed that office bleaching caused deleterious alterations in the composition and structure of enamel that significantly affected the crystallinity and mineralization of the tissue. Therefore, at-home bleaching seems to be much safer than in-office bleaching in terms of molecular variations.

Low frequency Raman spectra of the liquid and plastic crystal phases of O2, N2, CO, and of Ar crystals with these molecules as guests

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Rich ◽  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
H. Kiefte ◽  
S. F. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Phonon Mode ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Impurity Molecule ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Background Impurity ◽  
Crystal Phases ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Frequency Feature

Low frequency Raman spectra of single crystals of orientationally disordered phases of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide, and spectra of those substances as liquids show two linear segments in semi-log plots. Slopes of the higher frequency segments are nearly equal for all cases; slopes of the lower frequency segments are particular to the substance and are nearly the same in both liquid and crystal for O2 and CO. Spectra of single crystals of argon doped with O2, N2, or CO show two distinct features superimposed on a sloping background. Impurity molecule reorientation apparently accounts satisfactorily for all spectral features, but translation–rotation coupling may allow a contribution to the higher frequency feature arising from a local phonon mode in argon.

Low-frequency multiplex CARS microscopy with a high-repetition near-infrared supercontinuum laser

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Arashida ◽  
Atsushi Taninaka ◽  
Takayuki Ochiai ◽  
Hiroyuki Mogi ◽  
Shoji YOSHIDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Repetition ◽  
Spectrum Shaping ◽  
Crystal Phase Transition ◽  
Wavenumber Region ◽  
Anti Stokes

Abstract We have developed a multiplex Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope effective for low-wavenumber measurement by combining a high-repetition supercontinuum light source of 1064 nm and an infrared high-sensitivity InGaAs diode array. This system could observe the low-wavenumber region down to 55 cm-1 with high sensitivity. In addition, using spectrum shaping and spectrum modulation techniques, we simultaneously realized a wide bandwidth (<1800 cm-1), high wavenumber resolution (9 cm-1), high efficiency, and increasing signal to noise ratio by reducing the effect of the background shape in low-wavenumber region. Spatial variation of a sulfur crystal phase transition with metastable states was visualized.

scholarly journals Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Teerapa Semachai ◽  
Panitnad Chandranupap ◽  
Pravitra Chandranupap
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this work, we successfully mixed polylactic acid (PLA) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from water hyacinth. The MCC was prepared by treating water hyacinth fiber (WHF). Then hydrochloric acid was used to hydrolyze treated fiber to MCC. X-rays diffraction (XRD) showed that the MCC produced has 73.28 per cent crystallinity. Internal mixing was used to combine composites between MCC and PLA. Percentages of MCC were 1, 5, 10 and 15, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that the interaction between MCC and PLA are only mechanically interaction. Tensile testing of this composite (ASTM D638) revealed that tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break decreased but the increase of young's modulus. The morphological analysis was observed thru composites fractured surface by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). They showed a void between cellulosic fiber and PLA when high amount of MCC conformed with tensile results.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Sodium Selenate on Acetylcholinesterase Activity under Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Fathi ◽  
Raheleh Farahzadi
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency

Acetylcholinestrase (AChE EC 3.1.1.7) is one of the most important enzymes in nervous system, which plays a role in Alzheimer’s disease. Selenium is a vital micronutrient and many investigations have been performed about the physiological, biochemical and behavioral effects of this element, such as postponing the Alzheimer's symptoms in the elderly and delaying the initiation signs of skin aging. Recent studies have shown that this element protects various enzymes against the toxicity caused by heavy metals such as; Pb, Al, Cu and Cd. AChE activity is altered under the influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). In this study, the effects of ELF-EMF, with 0.3 mT field intensity and 50, 100, 217 Hz frequencies, were investigated on the AChE, in the presence of different concentrations of sodium selenate, using UV-Visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. The results demonstrated that the enzyme activity declined by increasing the frequency and the amount of sodium selenate. Also, significant structural changes occurred in the secondary and tertiary structures of AChE. Our results showed that with increasing the concentration of sodium selenate transition from α-helix to β-structure was appeared in the presence of ELF-EMF. In conclusion, according to changes observed in the secondary and tertiary structure of enzyme, it is proposed that these fields are able to affect the structure and dynamics of the active site gorge of AChE.

scholarly journals UBE2V2 promotes metastasis by regulating EMT and predicts a poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Qiang Xue ◽  
Caishen Du ◽  
Miaosen Zhen ◽  
Jianxun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Clinicopathological Factors ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes

Abstract Background: Belonging to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) family, UBE2V2 demonstrated a remarkable tumourigenic ability in many kinds of cancers. However, the interrelationship between UBE2V2 expression and morbidity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still unknown. Methods: By using TCGA predictions and clinical tissue samples, we assessed the expression of UBE2V2 mRNA and protein in LUAD and analyzed its relationship with different clinicopathological factors as well as survival prognosis. Besides, we further studied the EMT signaling pathway that promotes LUAD metastasis and other phenotypic experiments by using lentivirus to transfect LUAD cells. Results: Our research results showed that compared with normal tissues, the expression of UBE2V2 mRNA and protein in LUAD was significantly increased (P<0.001). UBE2V2 might be considered as an independent prognostic molecule for LUAD patient survival prognosis based on TCGA prediction (HR:1.497 P=0.012) and immunohistochemical analysis (ICH) (HR:1.842 P=0.042). ICH showed that UBE2V2 was related to the following clinicopathological factors, including gender (P=0.021), stage (P=0.042), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and differentiated degree (P=0.015). Finally, knockdown of UBE2V2 significantly reduced the migration ability by regulating the EMT pathway. The knockdown of UBE2V2 inhibited cells proliferation, reduced the proportion of cells in S phase and promoted cell apoptosis. Interestingly, UBE2V2 expression is negatively correlated with B cells, CD4 + T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Conclusions: In summary, UBE2V2 might play an important role in the progression of LUAD.

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