scholarly journals Plasma Reactors and Plasma Thrusters Modeling by Ar Complete Global Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Berenguer ◽  
Konstantinos Katsonis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Electronic Temperature ◽  
Global Models ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Plasma Thruster ◽  
Absorbed Power ◽  
Thruster Modeling

A complete global model for argon was developed and adapted to plasma reactor and plasma thruster modeling. It takes into consideration ground level and excited Ar and Ar+species and the reactor and thruster form factors. The electronic temperature, the species densities, and the ionization percentage, depending mainly on the pressure and the absorbed power, have been obtained and commented for various physical conditions.

scholarly journals Global Modeling of CO2 Discharges with Aerospace Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Chloe Berenguer ◽  
Konstantinos Katsonis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Plasma Discharges ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Radiofrequency Discharge ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Absorbed Power

We developed a global model aiming to study discharges in CO2 under various conditions, pertaining to a large spectrum of pressure, absorbed energy, and feeding values. Various physical conditions and form factors have been investigated. The model was applied to a case of radiofrequency discharge and to helicon type devices functioning in low and high feed conditions. In general, main charged species were found to be CO2+ for sufficiently low pressure cases and O− for higher pressure ones, followed by CO2+, CO+, and O2+ in the latter case. Dominant reaction is dissociation of CO2 resulting into CO production. Electronegativity, important for radiofrequency discharges, increases with pressure, arriving up to 3 for high flow rates for absorbed power of 250 W, and diminishes with increasing absorbed power. Model results pertaining to radiofrequency type plasma discharges are found in satisfactory agreement with those available from an existing experiment. Application to low and high flow rates feedings cases of helicon thruster allowed for evaluation of thruster functioning conditions pertaining to absorbed powers from 50 W to 1.8 kW. The model allows for a detailed evaluation of the CO2 potential to be used as propellant in electric propulsion devices.

Power Systems of Plasma Reactors for Non-Thermal Plasma Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryka Danuta Stryczewska ◽  
Tomasz Jakubowski ◽  
Stanisław Kalisiak ◽  
Tomasz Giżewski ◽  
Joanna Pawłat
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Gliding Arc ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Supply Systems

AbstractRecently, many different plasma sources are being investigated for exhaust gases treatment, odor abatement, VOC removal, soil conditioning, surface decontamination or tissue disinfection and sterilization. Among many different plasma reactors investigated in laboratories, gliding arc discharges (GAD), dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), pulsed discharges (PD), atmospheric pressure glow discharges (APGD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ) seem to be the most promising for high pressure low temperature applications. They can be designed as multi-electrodes’ high power system that can be used in environment protection processes, like decontamination of large surfaces and treatment of large volume of polluted gases, as well as small size and low power devices for biomedical applications, like plasma healing, disinfection and sterilization. Paper presents review of power supply systems for cold plasma reactors. Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD), Gliding Arc Discharge (GAD) and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) reactors with their supply systems have been discussed from the point view of their characteristics, possibility to control power to the discharge and efficiency. Taking into account the plasma reactor characteristics and nature (nonlinear resistive and/or capacitive) different solutions of power suppliers have been presented: transformer type, AC/DC/AC inverter, RF-frequency system and frequency resonant inverter.

scholarly journals Selection of the best plasma reactor for the diamond chemical vapor deposition operation of waste materials using multi-criteria decision-making models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Decision Making Models

Abstract Wastes emerged as potential alternative energy to flourish in various useful materials and commodities for human demands. In the civilized nation's variety of industrial projects of plasma, reactors underwent the decision-making models, project approval and even exploitation stages from long ago. The current study comprised waste materials utilization in diamond deposition purposes via chemical vapor deposition for constructing future industries firstly. To select the best plasma reactor were employed seven multi-criteria decision-making models in combination with three kinds of weighing systems to select the best plasma reactor empirically. Initial data for assessment possessed from a deep literature review based on probative technologies. It was classified and prioritized the plasma reactors in a coherent connection for direct gasification operation and placed them in a relevant arrangement media for partial gasification assortment. The developed assortment of plasma reactors was generally indicated as alternating current, direct current, glow, microwave, high-Frequency plasma, laser, Plasmatron and flame at direct gasification operation respectively. The high degree of stability among multi-criteria decision-making models and the sensitivity analysis employed for the weights and ranks released for alternatives and criteria had confirmed the precision and validity required. Also, on the global level, the findings of the present study proved the implementation of direct current plasma gasification reactors in large scale industries.

scholarly journals Operating Problems of Arc Plasma Reactors Powered by AC/DC/AC Converters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Komarzyniec ◽  
Michał Aftyka
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Ac Converters

The scientific objective was to investigate the cooperation of three-electrode plasma reactors with gliding arc discharge powered from multi-phase AC/DC/AC converters. In order to achieve the scientific and practical goal of the project, a test stand was designed and built, which included: a multi-electrode GlidArc type plasma reactor; a power-electronic AC/DC/AC converter, working as a source of voltage or current with regulated parameters of energy transferred to the discharge space; reactor operation diagnostics systems; and a process gas feeding and flow control system. The GlidArc Plasma Reactor has shown high sensitivity to changes in many electrical as well as gas chemical, gas-dynamic and mechanical parameters. The AC/DC/AC converter turned out to be a system sensitive to interference generated by the plasma reactor. It can be noticed that the operation of the reactor in certain conditions causes bigger interferences of the converter. However, it is difficult to systematise the influence of particular parameters of the reactor’s operation on the operation of the AC/DC/AC converter and vice versa due to mutual correlations of many parameters. The correct operation of a plasma reactor depends on the characteristics of the power supply system; on the other hand, the power supply system reacts to such an untypical receiver as a plasma reactor.

Controlled Growth of Silicon Particles via Plasma Pulsing and their Application as Battery Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Schwan ◽  
Brandon Wagner ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Lorenzo Mangolini
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Plasma Reactors

Abstract The use of silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries requires a precise control over both their average size and their size distribution. Particles larger than the generally accepted critical size of 150 nm fail during lithiation because of excessive swelling, while very small particles (<10 nm) inevitably lead to a poor first cycle coulombic efficiency because of their excessive specific surface area. Both mechanisms induce irreversible capacity losses and are detrimental to the anode functionality. In this manuscript we describe a novel approach for enhanced growth of nanoparticles to ~20 nm using low-temperature flow-through plasma reactors via pulsing. Pulsing of the RF power leads to a significant increase in the average particle size, all while maintaining the particles well below the critical size for stable operation in a lithium-ion battery anode. A zero-dimensional aerosol plasma model is used to investigate the dynamics of particle agglomeration and growth in the pulsed plasma reactor. The accelerated growth correlates with the shape of the particle size distribution in the afterglow, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as metastable density, gas and electron temperature. The accelerated agglomeration in each afterglow phase is followed by rapid sintering of the agglomerates into single-crystal particles in the following plasma-on phase. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, while also underscoring the need for better characterization of their fundamental parameters in transient regimes.

Discharge of Carbon Dioxide Using a Non-Thermal Plasma Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Taylan ◽  
Halil Berberoglu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Gas Discharge ◽  
Aluminum Electrode ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

This paper reports a numerical study on the discharge of carbon dioxide using a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor at ambient conditions. DBD plasma reactors have been used for various applications due to their ease of production, process control, operation at different conditions. The applications of DBD plasma reactors include discharge of gases. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas formed as a byproduct of fossil fuel combustion. Use of DBD non-thermal plasma reactor can be a promising technology for carbon dioxide mitigation due to its operation at low temperatures, lack of need for catalysts, and flexibility in controlling the products generated. In this study, a tubular DBD non-thermal plasma reactor was modeled with different electrode materials separated by different dielectric materials. The aim was to provide guidelines for the design and material selection for optimizing DBD plasma reactors for CO2 discharge. A parametric set of simulations was performed using a finite element solver to investigate how electrode and dielectric materials affect the discharge volume of CO2 and power requirement of the non-thermal plasma discharge of CO2. The results showed that electrode material did not affect the discharge or the power requirement. However, dielectric material with higher permittivity or lower conductivity increased the gas discharge and power requirement. Among the analyzed materials, aluminum electrode and mica tube were suggested based on the simulation results for the maximum gas discharge and low power requirement.

scholarly journals A Review of Low-Power Electric Propulsion Research at the Space Propulsion Centre Singapore

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
George-Cristian Potrivitu ◽  
Yufei Sun ◽  
Muhammad Wisnuh Aggriawan bin Rohaizat ◽  
Oleksii Cherkun ◽  
Luxiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Space Propulsion ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Plasma Thruster

The age of space electric propulsion arrived and found the space exploration endeavors at a paradigm shift in the context of new space. Mega-constellations of small satellites on low-Earth orbit (LEO) are proposed by many emerging commercial actors. Naturally, the boom in the small satellite market drives the necessity of propulsion systems that are both power and fuel efficient and accommodate small form-factors. Most of the existing electric propulsion technologies have reached the maturity level and can be the prime choices to enable mission versatility for small satellite platforms in Earth orbit and beyond. At the Plasma Sources and Applications Centre/Space Propulsion Centre (PSAC/SPC) Singapore, a continuous effort was dedicated to the development of low-power electric propulsion systems that can meet the small satellites market requirements. This review presents the recent progress in the field of electric propulsion at PSAC/SPC Singapore, from Hall thrusters and thermionic cathodes research to more ambitious devices such as the rotamak-like plasma thruster. On top of that, a review of the existing vacuum facilities and plasma diagnostics used for electric propulsion testing and characterization is included in the present research.

scholarly journals Modeling of discharges in a capacitively coupled dual frequency plasma reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bojarov ◽  
Marija Radmilovic-Radjenovic ◽  
Zoran Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Plasma Reactors ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Frequency Generator

In this paper we have modeled a dual frequency coupled plasma reactor (DF-CCP) by using a 1d3v PIC/MCC code. The obtained results apart from their theoretical relevance have practical applications especially for development of plasma reactors and for nanoelectronics. Dual frequency plasmas are used for etching of dielectric interconnect layers with high aspect ratios (contact holes). In the DF-CCP, the density of the plasma is controlled by the high frequency, while the ion energy depends mainly on the potential drop in the sheath, which is controlled by the low frequency. The results of our simulations show the dependence of the energy of the ions arriving at the inner electrode on the voltage of the low frequency generator and how the voltage of the high frequency generator affects the ion flux on the electrode.

scholarly journals The Halos of NGC 6543 and NGC 6826

1989 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
A. Manchado ◽  
S. R. Pottasch ◽  
A. Mampaso
Keyword(s):  
Photon Counting ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Electronic Temperature ◽  
Counting System ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Isaac Newton Telescope

Long slit low resolution (3.4 A) spectra of the planetary nebulae NGC 6543 and NGC 6826, obtained using the 2.5-m Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma) with the Image Photon Counting System (IPCS), indicate different physical conditions in the outer halos than in the central zone, with an outward increase of electronic temperature. The estimated mass contained in these halos is considerably larger than the values of the inner nebulae.

scholarly journals Are the vegetation structure and composition of the shrubby Caatinga free from edge influence?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Maurício de Melo Santos ◽  
Bráulio Almeida Santos
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Edge Influence

Edge influence, or edge effect, drives many biological changes in fragmented landscapes. This has been extensively studied in many forest ecosystems, but it remains to be described for the Brazilian Caatinga. Based on the biotic and physical conditions of the shrubby Caatinga, our prediction a priori was that this type of vegetation is free from edge influence in terms of vegetation structure and composition. We sampled shrubs, cacti and trees in twenty 200 m² plots on old edges (>60 yrs old) and interior of a 690 ha fragment, partially isolated and surrounded by Opuntia ficus-indica cacti. Plant height, stem diameter at ground level, stem density, species richness and diversity were statistically equal between edge and interior habitats. Magnitude of edge influence varied from -0.027 to 0.027, indicating low ecological importance of edge creation for the measured variables. Additionally, floristic similarity between habitats was 90% and a principal component analysis showed that species composition varied in a similar manner at edges and interiors. These results indicate that the vegetation of the sampled fragment is not ecologically affected by the creation of edges and suggests that changes in physical conditions and resource availability after edge creation are not enough to eliminate established plants or to alter recruitment and survival of new individuals.

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