Antifungal, Antileishmanial, and Cytotoxicity Activities of Various Extracts of Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae) and Its Active Principle Berberine

In this study, in vitro antidermatophytic activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum was studied by disk diffusion test and assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using CLSI broth macrodilution method (M38-A2). Moreover, antileishmanial and cytotoxicity activity of B. vulgaris and berberine against promastigotes of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were evaluated by colorimetric MTT assay. The findings indicated that the various extracts of B. vulgaris particularly berberine showed high potential antidermatophytic against pathogenic dermatophytes tested with MIC values varying from 0.125 to >4 mg/mL. The results revealed that B. vulgaris extracts as well as berberine were effective in inhibiting L. major and L. tropica promastigotes growth in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) values varying from 2.1 to 26.6 μg/mL. Moreover, it could be observed that berberine as compared with B. vulgaris exhibited more cytotoxicity against murine macrophages with CC50 (cytotoxicity concentration for 50% of cells) values varying from 27.3 to 362.6 μg/mL. Results of this investigation were the first step in the search for new antidermatophytic and antileishmanial drugs. However, further works are required to evaluate exact effect of these extracts in animal models as well as volunteer human subjects.

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Modeling of antiproliferative effects of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil optimized using Box–Behnken design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44076/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Imen Kallel ◽

Ahmed Bayoudh ◽

Bochra Gargouri ◽

Lamia Khannous ◽

Asma Elaguel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

Mcf 7

Abstract Background Salvia officinalis L. essential oil (SoEO) was mostly traditionally used to medicate various diseases as cancer. Then, the present work aims were: (1) to model the cytotoxicity effects of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil (SoEO) related to the human cancer cell lines kind (MCF-7 and HeLa) ; (2) to optimize the hydro-distillation extraction conditions of SoEO; and, (3) to determine the in vitro scavenging capacity of the free radicals DPPH•, NO•, ABTS+, and the ability to reduce Fe3+. Methods The cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative abilities were evaluated by measuring cell viability and then modeled. Two human cell lines: MCF-7 and HeLa were used. The optimization of SoEO extraction by hydro-distillation was carried out with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using the Box–Behnken design Results The cytotoxicity activity against both tumor cell lines MCF-7 and HeLa was considerably important with IC50 = 3.125 and 8.920 µg/mL, respectively. All treated cell lines showed a significant reducing in cell viability in response to the increasing oil concentration. The relative behaviors of both cell lines under SoEO treatment were modeled. The obtained optimal extraction yield was Y = 1.85 g/100 g d.b. The main identified fractions were camphene (23.7%), α-thujone (19.62%), 1,8-cineole (10.6%), viridiflorol (5.9%), borneol (5.72%); β-thujone (5.4%); caryophyllene (3,83%). Also, SoEO was mostly able to scavenge DPPH• free radical, ABTS+ radical and hydrogen peroxide in an amount dependent manner (IC50 = 0.97, 0.279 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively). Conclusion The present work provides a preliminary platform for further investigation of the possible mechanism of S. officinalis essential oils and their individual compounds in cytotoxic and antitumor activity.

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EVALUATION OF IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF VIOLACEIN PRODUCED BY NOVEL ISOLATE CHROMOBACTERIUM VACCINII CV5 AGAINST THE CERVICAL AND LUNG CANCER CELL

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20456 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vishnu T Santhosh ◽

Palaniswamy Muthusamy

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Cytotoxicity Activity ◽

Ic50 Values

Objectives: This study investigates the in vitro anticancer activity of the violacein extracted from the Chromobacterium vaccinii CV5.Methods: Natural colorants or dyes derived from flora to fauna are believed to be safe because of nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, and biodegradable in nature. There are a number of natural pigments, but only a few are available in sufficient quantities for industrial production. The cytotoxicity activity of pigment was assessed against the cervical (HeLa) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines using the MTT assay and there by potential cytotoxic activity exhibited by the pigment was identified.Results: The result of the pigment shows potent anticancer activity on the two cancer cell lines tested in a concentration dependent manner. The potent anticancer activity was observed with the pigment with IC50 values of 26 μg/mL on HeLa and 31 μg/mL on A549 cells, respectively.Conclusion: The study is pioneering report for determining the better in vitro anticancer activity of violacein from the novel isolate C. vaccinii CV5.

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Tea Polyphenols EGCG and Theaflavin Inhibit the Activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CL-Protease In Vitro

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/5630838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Minsu Jang ◽

Yea-In Park ◽

Yeo-Eun Cha ◽

Rackhyun Park ◽

Sim Namkoong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Treatment ◽

Green Tea ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Black Tea ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

3Cl Protease ◽

Dose Dependent

COVID-19, a global pandemic, has caused over 750,000 deaths worldwide as of August 2020. A vaccine or remedy for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is necessary to slow down the spread and lethality of COVID-19. However, there is currently no effective treatment available against SARS-CoV-2. In this report, we demonstrated that EGCG and theaflavin, the main active ingredients of green tea and black tea, respectively, are potentially effective to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 activity. Coronaviruses require the 3CL-protease for the cleavage of its polyprotein to make individual proteins functional. EGCG and theaflavin showed inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease in a dose-dependent manner, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 7.58 μg/ml for EGCG and 8.44 μg/ml for theaflavin. In addition, we did not observe any cytotoxicity for either EGCG or theaflavin at the concentrations tested up to 40 μg/ml in HEK293T cells. These results suggest that upon further study, EGCG and theaflavin can be potentially useful to treat COVID-19.

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Comparison of in vitro activity of five antifungal agents against dermatophytes, using the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822009000300003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 250-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Crystiane Rodrigues Araújo Mota ◽

Karla Carvalho Miranda ◽

Janine de Aquino Lemos ◽

Carolina Rodrigues Costa ◽

Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Reference Method ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Broth Microdilution ◽

In Vitro Susceptibility ◽

Agar Dilution

The purpose of this study was to compare the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin and terbinafine for 60 dermatophyte samples belonging to the species Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis. The percentage agreement between the two methods, for all the isolates with < 2 dilutions that were tested was 91.6% for ketoconazole and griseofulvin, 88.3% for itraconazole, 81.6% for terbinafine and 73.3% for fluconazole. One hundred percent agreement was obtained for Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates evaluated with ketoconazole and griseofulvin. Thus, until a reference method for testing the in vitro susceptibility of dermatophytes is standardized, the similarity of the results between the two methods means that the agar dilution method may be useful for susceptibility testing on these filamentous fungi.

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Selective Expression of a Stable Cell Surface Molecule on Type 2 but Not Type 1 Helper T Cells

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.187.5.787 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 187 (5) ◽

pp. 787-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 382

Author(s):

Damo Xu ◽

Woon Ling Chan ◽

Bernard P. Leung ◽

Fang-ping Huang ◽

Rachel Wheeler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Cell Surface Molecule ◽

Ifn Γ

T helper cell type 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) are central to immune regulation. However, no stable cell surface marker capable of distinguishing and separating these two subsets of CD4+ cells has yet been found. Using differential display PCR, we have identified a gene encoding a cell membrane bound molecule, originally designated ST2L, T1, DER4, or Fit, expressed constitutively and stably on the surface of murine Th2s, but not Th1s even after stimulation with a range of immunological stimuli. Antibody against a peptide derived from ST2L strongly and stably labeled the surface of cloned Th2s but not Th1s, and Th2s but not Th1s derived from naive T cells of ovalbumin T cell receptor–α/β transgenic mice. Three-color single cell flow cytometric analysis shows that cell surface ST2L coexpressed with intracellular interleukin (IL)-4, but not with interferon (IFN)-γ. The antibody selectively lysed Th2s in vitro in a complement-dependent manner. In vivo, it enhanced Th1 responses by increasing IFN-γ production and decreasing IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis. It induced resistance to Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice and exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice. Thus, ST2L is a stable marker distinguishing Th2s from Th1s and is also associated with Th2 functions. Hence, it may be a target for therapeutic intervention.

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In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Whole Plant Hexane Fraction of Achillea wilhelmsii (WHFAW)

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/5734257 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Jahangir Khan Achakzai ◽

Muhammad Anwar Panezai ◽

Abdul Manan Kakar ◽

Basira Akhtar ◽

Ali Akbar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leishmania Major ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antileishmanial Activity ◽

Hexane Fraction ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Achillea Wilhelmsii

In this study, GC-MS analysis has shown that whole plant hexane fraction of Achillea wilhelmsii (WHFAW) consists of 66 compounds which exhibited antileishmanial activity. Antileishmanial bioassay was the method used for determining antileishmanial activity. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) which was observed for whole plant hexane fraction of Achillea wilhelmsii (WHFAW) against parasitic and vector-borne disease, leishmaniasis, is 58.27 ± 0.52 μg/mL. For leishmanicidal assay, Leishmania major is the species used for analysis. Whole plant methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii (WMEAW) and whole plant aqueous fraction of Achillea wilhelmsii (WAFAW) exhibited no antileishmanial activity.

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Antifungal effects of the biological agent Pythium oligandrum observed in vitro

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x16658690 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 817-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martina Načeradská ◽

Michaela Fridrichová ◽

Dita Kellnerová ◽

Soňa Peková ◽

Petr Lány

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Pythium Oligandrum ◽

Nutrient Media ◽

Therapeutic Concentration ◽

Common Causes ◽

Antifungal Effects

Objectives Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a superficial fungal skin disease and zoonosis. Pythium oligandrum is a micromycete with mycoparasitic properties that is used in agriculture to control fungal infections on plants. Formulations containing P oligandrum were also developed for the treatment of dermatophytoses, but only a small number of case studies have been published. In order to document the process in simplified conditions in vitro, we investigated the effectiveness of P oligandrum against three pathogenic dermatophytes common in domestic animals. Methods Cultures of the pathogens grown on nutrient media and experimentally infected cat hair were treated with P oligandrum preparations in therapeutic concentration and the changes were documented by microscopic videos and scanning electron microscopy. Results There was strong mycoparasitic activity of P oligandrum against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Conclusions and relevance P oligandrum was demonstrated to be effective against three common causes of dermatophytosis in vitro.

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Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles Alone or Combined with Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime®) in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11040891 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 891

Author(s):

Aishah E. Albalawi ◽

Sobhy Abdel-Shafy ◽

Amal Khudair Khalaf ◽

Abdullah D. Alanazi ◽

Parastoo Baharvand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Meglumine Antimoniate ◽

The Mean ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: In recent years, the focus on nanotechnological methods in medicine, especially in the treatment of microbial infections, has increased rapidly. Aim: The present study aims to evaluate in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) green synthesized by Capparis spinosa fruit extract alone and combined with meglumine antimoniate (MA). Methods: CuNPs were green synthesized by C. spinosa methanolic extract. The in vitro antileishmanial activity of CuNPs (10–200 µg/mL) or MA alone (10–200 µg/mL), and various concentrations of MA (10–200 μg/mL) along with 20 μg/mL of CuNPs, was assessed against the Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) amastigote forms and, then tested on cutaneous leishmaniasis induced in male BALB/c mice by L. major. Moreover, infectivity rate, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cytotoxic effects of CuNPs on J774-A1 cells were evaluated. Results: Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particle size of CuNPs was 17 to 41 nm. The results demonstrated that CuNPs, especially combined with MA, significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the growth rate of L. major amastigotes and triggered the production of NO (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. CuNPs also had no significant cytotoxicity in J774 cells. The mean number of parasites was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the infected mice treated with CuNPs, especially combined with MA in a dose-dependent response. The mean diameter of the lesions decreased by 43 and 58 mm after the treatment with concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/mL of CuNPs, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated the high potency and synergistic effect of CuNPs alone and combined with MA in inhibiting the growth of amastigote forms of L. major, as well as recovery and improving cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) induced by L. major in BALB/c mice. Additionally, supplementary studies, especially in clinical settings, are required.

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Antifungal Activity of Gentamicin B1 against Systemic Plant Mycoses

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25102401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 2401

Author(s):

Gaspar Banfalvi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Related Compounds

Background: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora purpurea bacteria, effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Major fractions of the gentamicin complex (C1, C1a, C2, C2a) possess weak antifungal activity and one of the minor components (A, A1–A4, B, B1, X), gentamicin B1 was found to be a strong antifungal agent. Methods: This work uses in vitro and in vivo dilution methods to compare the antifusarial, antiaspergillic and anticryptococcal effects of gentamicin derivatives and structurally-related congeners. Results: The in vitro antifusarial activity of gentamicin B1 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.4 μg/mL) and structurally-related compounds (MIC 0.8–12.5 μg/mL) suggests that the purpuroseamine ring substituents are responsible for the specific antimycotic effect. The functional groups of the garoseamine and 2-deoxystreptamine rings of gentamicin derivatives are identical in gentamicin compounds and are unlikely to exert a significant antifungal effect. Among soil dermatophytes, Microsporum gypseum was more susceptible to gentamicin B1 (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) than Trichophyton gypseum (MIC 25 µg/mL). The in vitro antifungal effect of gentamicin B1 against plant pathogenic fungi was comparable to primary antifungal agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin is already in medical use. In vitro and preclinical in vivo synergisms of gentamicin B1 with amphotericin B suggest immediate clinical trials starting with subtoxic doses.

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In vitro antibiofilm activity of resveratrol against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-02961-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangchun Ruan ◽

Xiaoling Deng ◽

Meiling Tan ◽

Chengbo Yu ◽

Meishi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Swarming Motility ◽

Semisolid Medium ◽

Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains cause infectious diseases in poultry. Resveratrol is extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, Cassia tora Linn and Vitis vinifera, and displays good antimicrobial activity. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm effect of resveratrol on APEC in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of resveratrol and the antibiotic florfenicol toward APEC were detected using the broth microdilution method. Then, the effect of resveratrol on swimming and swarming motility was investigated using a semisolid medium culture method. Subsequently, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the biofilm eradication rate were evaluated using crystal violet staining. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of resveratrol was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the effects of florfenicol combined with resveratrol against biofilm formation by APEC were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results The MICs of resveratrol and florfenicol toward APEC were 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The swimming and swarming motility abilities of APEC were inhibited in a resveratrol dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, resveratrol showed a significant inhibitory activity against APEC biofilm formation at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of resveratrol at 32 μg/mL on biofilm formation was observed using SEM. The APEC biofilm was eradicated at 32 μg/mL of resveratrol combined with 64 μg/mL of florfenicol, which was observed using CLSM and OM. Florfenicol had a slight eradication effect of biofilm formation, whereas resveratrol had a strong biofilm eradication effect toward APEC. Conclusion Resveratrol displayed good antibiofilm activity against APEC in vitro, including inhibition of swimming and swarming motility, biofilm formation, and could eradicate the biofilm.

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