Sulfur Dioxide Enhances Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Accumulation and Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by Aluminum Stress in Germinating Wheat Seeds

Aluminum ions are especially toxic to plants in acidic soils. Here we present evidences that SO2protects germinating wheat grains against aluminum stress. SO2donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3) pretreatment at 1.2 mM reduced the accumulation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, enhanced the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and decreased the activity of lipoxygenase in germinating wheat grains exposed to Al stress. We also observed higher accumulation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in SO2-pretreated grain, suggesting the tight relation between sulfite and sulfide. Wheat grains geminated in water for 36 h were pretreated with or without 1 mM SO2donor for 12 h prior to exposure to Al stress for 48 h and the ameliorating effects of SO2on wheat radicles were studied. SO2donor pretreatment reduced the content of reactive oxygen species, protected membrane integrity, and reduced Al accumulation in wheat radicles. Gene expression analysis showed that SO2donor pretreatment decreased the expression of Al-responsive genes TaWali1, TaWali2, TaWali3, TaWali5, TaWali6, and TaALMT1 in radicles exposed to Al stress. These results suggested that SO2could increase endogenous H2S accumulation and the antioxidant capability and decrease endogenous Al content in wheat grains to alleviate Al stress.

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The role of γ-aminobutyric acid in aluminum stress tolerance in a woody plant, Liriodendron chinense × tulipifera

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-021-00517-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pengkai Wang ◽

Yini Dong ◽

Liming Zhu ◽

Zhaodong Hao ◽

LingFeng Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Woody Plant ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Absolute Quantification ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽

Al Stress ◽

Protein Ubiquitination ◽

Liriodendron Chinense

AbstractThe aluminum (Al) cation Al3+ in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development. Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al3+ toxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter; GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress. The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron (L. chinense × tulipifera) is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber; studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential. Here, we performed quantitative iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress. Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis, sugar and proline metabolism, antioxidant activity, cell autophagy, protein ubiquitination degradation, and anion transport in response to Al damage. We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and its activity, leading to increased GABA biosynthesis. Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS, enhanced proline biosynthesis, and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2, which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al3+. We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al3+ tolerance in Arabidopsis. Thus, our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.

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Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide Precede Onset of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Corneal Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy

10.20944/preprints202110.0415.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christi Cho ◽

Maxwell Zeigler ◽

Stephanie Mizuno ◽

Richard S. Morrison ◽

Rheem Totah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Brain Homogenate ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽

Mitochondrial Stress ◽

Acute Seizures ◽

Related Proteins

Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures and during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS subsequent to acute maximal electroshock and 6 Hz 44 mA seizures in mice, as well as in the corneal kindled mouse model of chronic seizures. Plasma H2S was acutely reduced after a maximal electroshock seizure. H2S or MeSH levels in whole brain homogenate and expression of related genes in corneal kindled mice were not altered. However, plasma H2S and MeSH levels were significantly lower during kindling, but not after established kindling. Morever, we demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of mitochondrial membrane integrity-related proteins, Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Mff during kindling, which did not correlate with gene expression. Taken together, short-term reductions in plasma H2S could be a novel biomarker for seizures. Future studies should further define the role of H2S and mitochondrial stress in epilepsy.

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AtHB7/12 Regulate Root Growth in Response to Aluminum Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21114080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 4080

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Jiameng Xu ◽

Siyi Guo ◽

Xianzheng Yuan ◽

Shan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Root Growth ◽

Crop Production ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Al Stress

Aluminum (Al) stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acid soils. At present, only a few transcription factors involved in the regulation of Al resistance have been characterized. Here, we used reversed genetic approach through phenotype analysis of overexpressors and mutants to demonstrate that AtHB7 and AtHB12, two HD-Zip I transcription factors, participate in Al resistance. In response to Al stress, AtHB7 and AtHB12 displayed different dynamic expression patterns. Although both AtHB7 and AtHB12 positively regulate root growth in the absence of Al stress, our results showed that AtHB7 antagonizes with AtHB12 to control root growth in response to Al stress. The athb7/12 double mutant displayed a wild-type phenotype under Al stress. Consistently, our physiological analysis showed that AtHB7 and AtHB12 oppositely regulate the capacity of cell wall to bind Al. Yeast two hybrid assays showed that AtHB7 and AtHB12 could form homo-dimers and hetero-dimers in vitro, suggesting the interaction between AtHB7 and AtHB12 in the regulation of root growth. The conclusion was that AtHB7 and AtHB12 oppositely regulate Al resistance by affecting Al accumulation in root cell wall.

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Time Series RNA-seq in Pigeonpea Revealed the Core Genes in Metabolic Pathways under Aluminum Stress

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11040380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhaoxu Gao ◽

Biying Dong ◽

Hongyan Cao ◽

Hang He ◽

Qing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Biological Regulation ◽

Al Stress ◽

The Impact

Pigeonpea is an important economic crop in the world and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In order to further expand the scope of planting, one of the problems that must be solved is the impact of soil acidity on plants in these areas. Based on our previous work, we constructed a time series RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis under aluminum (Al) stress in pigeonpea. Through a comparison analysis, 11,425 genes were found to be differentially expressed among all the time points. After clustering these genes by their expression patterns, 12 clusters were generated. Many important functional pathways were identified by gene ontology (GO) analysis, such as biological regulation, localization, response to stimulus, metabolic process, detoxification, and so on. Further analysis showed that metabolic pathways played an important role in the response of Al stress. Thirteen out of the 23 selected genes related to flavonoids and phenols were downregulated in response to Al stress. In addition, we verified these key genes of flavonoid- and phenol-related metabolism pathways by qRT-PCR. Collectively, our findings not only revealed the regulation mechanism of pigeonpea under Al stress but also provided methodological support for further exploration of plant stress regulation mechanisms.

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sugarcane Response to Aluminum Stress by RNA-Seq

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21217934 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 7934

Author(s):

Thiago Mateus Rosa-Santos ◽

Renan Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Poornasree Kumar ◽

Pratibha Kottapalli ◽

Chiquito Crasto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

De Novo ◽

Transcriptome Assembly ◽

Arable Land ◽

Aluminum Tolerance ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Aluminum Ions ◽

Detoxification Mechanism ◽

Genomic Studies

Some metals are beneficial to plants and contribute to critical physiological processes. Some metals, however, are not. The presence of aluminum ions (Al3+) can be very toxic, especially in acidic soils. Considerable parts of the world’s arable land are acidic in nature; mechanistically elucidating a plant’s response to aluminum stress is critical to mitigating this stress and improving the quality of plants. To identify the genes involved in sugarcane response to aluminum stress, we generated 372 million paired-end RNA sequencing reads from the roots of CTC-2 and RB855453, which are two contrasting cultivars. Data normalization resulted in 162,161 contigs (contiguous sequences) and 97,335 genes from a de novo transcriptome assembly (trinity genes). A total of 4858 and 1307 differently expressed genes (DEGs) for treatment versus control were identified for the CTC-2 and RB855453 cultivars, respectively. The DEGs were annotated into 34 functional categories. The majority of the genes were upregulated in the CTC-2 (tolerant cultivar) and downregulated in RB855453 (sensitive cultivar). Here, we present the first root transcriptome of sugarcane under aluminum stress. The results and conclusions of this study are a crucial launch pad for future genetic and genomic studies of sugarcane. The transcriptome analysis shows that sugarcane tolerance to aluminum may be explained by an efficient detoxification mechanism combined with lateral root formation and activation of redox enzymes. We also present a hypothetical model for aluminum tolerance in the CTC-2 cultivar.

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GsMAS1 Encoding a MADS-box Transcription Factor Enhances the Tolerance to Aluminum Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21062004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao Zhang ◽

Lu Li ◽

Ce Yang ◽

Yanbo Cheng ◽

Zhenzhen Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Glycine Soja ◽

Wild Soybean ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Mads Box ◽

Wild Type ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Al Stress ◽

Time Specific

The MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) are essential in regulating plant growth and development, and conferring abiotic and metal stress resistance. This study aims to investigate GsMAS1 function in conferring tolerance to aluminum stress in Arabidopsis. The GsMAS1 from the wild soybean BW69 line encodes a MADS-box transcription factor in Glycine soja by bioinformatics analysis. The putative GsMAS1 protein was localized in the nucleus. The GsMAS1 gene was rich in soybean roots presenting a constitutive expression pattern and induced by aluminum stress with a concentration-time specific pattern. The analysis of phenotypic observation demonstrated that overexpression of GsMAS1 enhanced the tolerance of Arabidopsis plants to aluminum (Al) stress with larger values of relative root length and higher proline accumulation compared to those of wild type at the AlCl3 treatments. The genes and/or pathways regulated by GsMAS1 were further investigated under Al stress by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that six genes resistant to Al stress were upregulated, whereas AtALMT1 and STOP2 were significantly activated by Al stress and GsMAS1 overexpression. After treatment of 50 μM AlCl3, the RNA abundance of AtALMT1 and STOP2 went up to 17-fold and 37-fold than those in wild type, respectively. Whereas the RNA transcripts of AtALMT1 and STOP2 were much higher than those in wild type with over 82% and 67% of relative expression in GsMAS1 transgenic plants, respectively. In short, the results suggest that GsMAS1 may increase resistance to Al toxicity through certain pathways related to Al stress in Arabidopsis.

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Unearthing The Alleviatory Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide in Aluminum Toxicity in Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-644066/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chun Quan Zhu ◽

Wen Jun Hu ◽

QianQian Wei ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Xiao Chuang Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Aluminum Toxicity ◽

Al Toxicity ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Al Content ◽

Rice Roots ◽

Wall Components

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) improves aluminum (Al) resistance in rice; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, treatment with 30-μM Al significantly inhibited rice root growth and increased the total Al content and apoplastic and cytoplasm Al concentration in the rice roots. However, pretreatment with NaHS (H2S donor) reversed these negative effects. Transcriptomics and physiological experiments confirmed that H2S increased the ATP, sucrose, glutathione, and ascorbic acid contents, which was accompanied by decreased O2·- and H2O2 contents, to alleviate Al toxicity. H2S significantly inhibited ethylene emissions in the rice and then inhibited pectin synthesis and increased the pectin methylation degree to reduce cell wall Al deposition. The phytohormones indole-3-acetic and brassinolide were also involved in the alleviation of Al toxicity by H2S. In addition, other pathways of material and energy metabolism, secondary metabolism, cell wall components, signal transduction, and transcriptional and translational pathways in the rice roots were also regulated by H2S under Al toxicity conditions. These findings improve our understanding of how H2S affects rice responses to Al toxicity, which will facilitate further studies on crop safety.

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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Sugarcane Response to Aluminum Stress by RNA-Seq

10.20944/preprints202010.0158.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Mateus Rosa-Santos ◽

Renan Gonçalves da Silva ◽

Poornasree Kumar ◽

Pratibha Kottapalli ◽

Chiquito Crasto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Aluminum Tolerance ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Aluminum Stress ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Aluminum Ions ◽

Detoxification Mechanism ◽

Genomic Studies

Sugarcane is an important sugar-source crop. As any other plant, it can be exposed to several abiotic stress conditions. Though some metals contribute to critical physiological processes in plants, the presence of aluminum ions (Al3+) can be very toxic. In order to develop plants that flourish in acidic soils, it is critical to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms of sugarcane response to aluminum stress. To determine the genes involved in sugarcane response to aluminum stress we generated 372 million paired-end RNA sequencing reads, from roots of CTC-2 and RB855453 two contrasting cultivars. Data normalization resulted in 162,161 contigs and 97,335 trinity genes. After the read cutoff, the differentially expressed genes were 4,858 in CTC-2 and 1,307 in the RB855453, Treatment Vs Control, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were annotated into 34 functional categories. The majority of the genes were upregulated in the CTC-2 (tolerant cultivar) and down regulated in RB855453 (sensitive cultivar). Here, we present the first root-transcriptome of sugarcane under aluminum stress. The results and conclusions of this study provide a valuable resource for future genetic and genomic studies in sugarcane. This transcriptome analysis points out that sugarcane tolerance to aluminum may be explained by an efficient detoxification mechanism combined with the lateral root formation and activation of redox enzymes. Following our results, we present here, a hypothetical model for the aluminum tolerance in CTC-2 cultivar.

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Pengaruh Cekaman Aluminium terhadap Kandungan Asam Organik dalam Kalus dan Pinak Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Jurnal AgroBiogen ◽

10.21082/jbio.v2n1.2006.p24-29 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Wening Enggarini ◽

Erly Marwani

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Aluminum Content ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

The Other ◽

Al Content ◽

Al Stress ◽

The Media

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of Al stress on citric, malic and oxalic acid content of L. esculentum cv. Intan callus and plantlet, also aluminum content of L. esculentum plantlet. Callus was induced from cotyledone of L. esculentum on Murashige & Skoog (MS) media containing 10-7 M NAA and 10-6 kinetin. The callus was then transferred step wisely at 3 weeks interval to media containing 220, 275, 330, 385, 440, 550, 825, and 1100 μM AlCl3. The callus cultures on the control media and media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were able to regenerate and produce shoots after 8 passages of subculture. The shoots from media with the addition of 550 μM AlCl3 were transferred into the media with addition of 825 μM AlCl3, then to the media with 1100 μM AlCl3. The High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that Al stress callus and plantlets contained malic acid, but no citric and oxalic acid. The content of malic acid in callus decreased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 0 to 385 μM. On the other hand, the content of malic acid in callus increased with increasing AlCl3 concentration from 440 μM to 1100 μM. Similarly, the content of malic acid in root increased with increasing concentration of AlCl3 from 550 μM to 1100 μM. The result of Neutron Activation Analysis showed that Al content in root decreased as the amount of AlCl3 increased in the media. These results suggested that L. esculentum callus and plantlet respond to the Al stress by producing higher amount of malic acid.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Senescence of Fresh-cut Apple by Regulating Antioxidant Defense System and Senescence-related Gene Expression

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.51.2.152 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 152-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ji-Lian Zheng ◽

Lan-Ying Hu ◽

Kang-Di Hu ◽

Jun Wu ◽

Feng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Related Gene ◽

Apple Slices ◽

Apple Tissue ◽

Fresh Cut ◽

Postharvest Senescence

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants. Here, we show that H2S delayed postharvest senescence of fresh-cut apples (Malus ×pumila) in a dose-dependent manner. Exogenous H2S application maintained significantly higher levels of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, total phenolics, reducing sugars and soluble proteins, and lower levels of free amino acids in apple slices compared with controls. Further investigations showed that H2S significantly reduced the accumulation of superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Apple fruits fumigated with H2S contained significantly higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lower activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and protease relative to controls. H2S also upregulated MdDHAR expression and downregulated the expression of MdLOX2, MdPG1, MdPPO, MdACO1, MdERS1, and MdETR1 in postharvest apple tissue. The present study indicates that H2S was involved in delaying postharvest senescence of apples by acting as an antioxidant and by regulating senescence-related gene expression.

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