scholarly journals Variability of Soil Micronutrients Concentration along the Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathayo Mpanda Mathew ◽  
Amos E. Majule ◽  
Robert Marchant ◽  
Fergus Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Mount Kilimanjaro ◽  
The Mean

Soil micronutrients are important elements for plant growth despite being required in small quantities. Deficiency of micronutrients can result in severe crop failure while excess levels can lead to health hazards; therefore, investigating their status in agricultural land is crucial. Fifty plots were established along an altitudinal gradient from 680 to 1696 m a.s.l. on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Soils were sampled at the top- (0–20 cm) and subsoils (21–50 cm) in four locations within each plot. Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy and wet chemistry were used for soil analysis. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of the micronutrients in the topsoil were Fe (130.4±6.9 mgkg−1), Mn (193.4±20.5 mgkg−1), Zn (2.8±0.2 mgkg−1), B (0.68±0.1 mgkg−1), and Cu (8.4±0.8 mgkg−1). Variations of the micronutrients were not statistically different by elevation (df = 41,p>0.05) and by soil depth (df = 49,p>0.05). Correlations among micronutrients were significant for FeversusMn (r=0.46,p<0.001), BversusZn (r=0.40,p=0.003), BversusCu (r=0.34,p=0.013), and CuversusZn (r=0.88,p<0.001). The correlated micronutrients implied that they were affected by similar factors. Soil pH correlated positively with B, Fe, and Mn and negatively with Cu and Zn, hence probably influencing their availability. Therefore, the need for sustaining micronutrient at sufficient levels is crucial. Management interventions may include moderating soil pH by reducing acidity through liming in the higher elevations and incorporation of organic matter in the lowlands.

scholarly journals Mineral Soil Chemical Properties as Influenced by Long-Term Use of Prescribed Fire with Differing Frequencies in a Southeastern Coastal Plain Pine Forest

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Coates ◽  
Donald Hagan ◽  
Wallace Aust ◽  
Andrew Johnson ◽  
John Keen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Prescribed Fires ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Contrasts

Recent studies suggest increased fire frequency may impair soil chemistry, but few studies have examined long-term effects of repeated, frequent prescribed fires on forest soil properties in the southeastern Coastal Plain, USA. In this study, forest soil chemistry at the 0–10 and 10–20 cm mineral soil depths of sandy surface horizons (Entisols and Spodosols) were compared among units burned 0, 4, 6, and 8 times between 2004 and 2015 and 0 and 20 times between 1978 and 2015 in a longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.)–loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine savanna at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center (Georgetown, SC, USA). At the 0–10 cm soil depth, soil pH (p = 0.00), sulfur (p = 0.01), calcium (p = 0.01), iron (p < 0.01), manganese (p < 0.01), and aluminum (p = 0.02) treatment means differed (2004–2015). Calcium and manganese displayed positive, significant relationships and sulfur displayed a negative, significant relationship with increasing fire frequency (p < 0.05). However, correlation of these relationships was low (r2 ≤ 0.23). Using linear contrasts to compare the mean of all fire treatments (20 fires from 1978 to 2015) to the mean of the unburned compartment, sulfur (p = 0.01) and iron (p < 0.01) were less in soils from the burned compartments. At the 10–20 cm soil depth, soil pH (p = 0.01), manganese (p = 0.04), phosphorus (p = 0.01), potassium (p = 0.02), and iron (p < 0.01) treatment means differed (2004–2015). Potassium displayed a negative, significant relationship and soil pH displayed a positive, significant relationship with increasing fire frequency (p < 0.05). Correlation of these relationships was low (r2 ≤ 0.16), however. Using linear contrasts to compare the mean of all fire treatments (20 fires from 1978 to 2015) to the unburned compartment, potassium (p = 0.00) and iron (p < 0.01) were less in soils from burned compartments. These results are inconsistent with studies suggesting that forest soil chemistry is substantially altered by increased fire frequency and support other studies from this region that have documented minimal or temporary soil chemical changes associated with frequent prescribed fires.

scholarly journals Nutritional status in commercial currant fields

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NISKANEN
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Soil P ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

The nutritional status on commercial currant fields was elucidated by advisory analytical data of 357 pairs of soil and leaf samples from commercial black, red and white currant fields in Southern and Middle Finland. The purpose was to investigate how nutrient concentrations in soil and leaves fitted in the recommended ranges, correlated with each other and to evaluate their usefulness in diagnosis of nutritional status. Soil pH(H 2 O) and extractable nutrients (NO 3 -N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn) and leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B) were analysed. The mean soil pH, P, K and Mn were in the recommended ranges. Over 50% of soil P and 60% of Mg results and the greatest part of Ca results passed below the lower recommended limits, but soil B and Cu were frequently over the upper recommended limits. The mean leaf N, P and K on all currants, Mg on black and red currants and Ca and B on black currant were within the recommended limits. The lower recommended limit of Mg was passed below in 74% of white currant leaf samples. Positive correlations were found between soil and leaf nutrient concentrations for P, Ca and Mg. The recommended lower soil analysis limits might possibly be too high for coarse soils, because low values of soil P, Mg and Ca were common. The nutrients also might not be evenly distributed in the sampled soil layer but might be accumulated in a thin surface soil layer because of repeated surface broadcasting of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Pemetaan Status pH Tanah dan C-Organik Tanah Sawah Tadah Hujan di Kecamatan Panai Tengah Kabupaten Labuhanbatu

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Fitra Syawal Harahap ◽  
Dedi Kurniawan ◽  
Rini Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Rainfed Lowland

<p>The production center for lowland rice in Labuhanbatu Regency in the last three years, precisely in Panai Tengah District, North Sumatra Province, has decreased production since 2018. One of the causes is a decrease in production because the nutrient content in the soil has decreased and added by fertilizer application by farmers. Lowland rice is still common due to limited data on land resources. This study aims to evaluate the land through the identification of classes, distribution and status of soil pH and C-Organic nutrients as well as organic matter in agricultural land in Central Panai District, and to determine the level of soil damage in each Land Mapping Unit. This research was carried out in Central Panai District with elevation. place 11 meters above sea level. Soil analysis was carried out in the integrated science laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Labuhanbatu University from January 2021 to March 2021, while the method in this study was a semi-detailed grid survey with the density of observation of 1 sample per 250 meters. Soil pH measurements used the pH-H<sub>2</sub>O and C-organic methods of soil using the Walkley and Black method. Furthermore, the results of the analysis of nutrient rainfed lowland soils are interpreted into a nutrient status map. The results showed that the pH content of rainfed lowland soil in Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu Regency was classified as very acidic and slightly acidic, while based on the soil nutrient status, namely C-organic and organic matter in the low category, so as to increase the productivity of rainfed lowland soil with soil organic matter content.up to 3% required organic fertilizer in the Central Panai District, Labuhanbatu Regency.</p>

scholarly journals Five-Year Enhanced Natural Attenuation of Historically Coal-Tar-Contaminated Soil: Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Phenol Contents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2265
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Telesiński ◽  
Anna Kiepas-Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to assess the soil pollution on an industrial wasteland, where coal-tar was processed in the period between 1880 and 1997, and subsequent to assess the decline in the content of phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during enhanced natural attenuation. The soil of the investigated area was formed from a layer of uncompacted fill. Twelve sampling points were established in the investigated area for collecting soil samples. A study conducted in 2015 did not reveal any increase in the content of heavy metals, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX), and cyanides. However, the content of PAHs and phenols was higher than the content permitted by Polish norms in force until 2016. In the case of PAHs, it was observed for individual compounds and their total contents. Among the various methods, enhanced natural attenuation was chosen for the remediation of investigated area. Repeated analyses of the contents of phenols and PAHs were conducted in 2020. The results of the analyses showed that enhanced natural attenuation has led to efficient degradation of the simplest substances—phenol and naphthalene. The content of these compounds in 2020 was not elevated compared to the standards for industrial wastelands. The three- and four-ring hydrocarbons were degraded at a lower intensity. Based on the mean decrease in content after 5-year enhanced natural attenuation, the compounds can be arranged in the following order: phenols > naphthalene > phenanthrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)anthracene > chrysene > anthracene.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Afforested Agricultural Land in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest Zone

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562
Author(s):  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽  
Povilas Žemaitis ◽  
Kęstutis Armolaitis ◽  
Vidas Stakėnas ◽  
Gintautas Urbaitis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soc Stock ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soc Stocks ◽  
Topsoil Layer

In the context of the specificity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in afforested land, nutrient-poor Arenosols and nutrient-rich Luvisols after afforestation with coniferous and deciduous tree species were studied in comparison to the same soils of croplands and grasslands. This study analysed the changes in SOC stock up to 30 years after afforestation of agricultural land in Lithuania, representing the cool temperate moist climate region of Europe. The SOC stocks were evaluated by applying the paired-site design. The mean mass and SOC stocks of the forest floor in afforested Arenosols increased more than in Luvisols. Almost twice as much forest floor mass was observed in coniferous than in deciduous stands 2–3 decades after afforestation. The mean bulk density of fine (<2 mm) soil in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of croplands was higher than in afforested sites and grasslands. The clear decreasing trend in mean bulk density due to forest stand age with the lowest values in the 21–30-year-old stands was found in afforested Luvisols. In contrast, the SOC concentrations in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer, especially in Luvisols afforested with coniferous species, showed an increasing trend due to the influence of stand age. The mean SOC values in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of Arenosols and Luvisols during the 30 years after afforestation did not significantly differ from the adjacent croplands or grasslands. The mean SOC stock slightly increased with the forest stand age in Luvisols; however, the highest mean SOC stock was detected in the grasslands. In the Arenosols, there was higher SOC accumulation in the forest floor with increasing stand age than in the Luvisols, while the proportion of SOC stocks in mineral topsoil layers was similar and more comparable to grasslands. These findings suggest encouragement of afforestation of former agricultural land under the current climate and soil characteristics in the region, but the conversion of perennial grasslands to forest land should be done with caution.

scholarly journals Nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients in a selected private hospital in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sipra Mondol ◽  
Faisal Muhammad ◽  
A. B. M. Alauddin Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Background: Most of the time pain is difficult to assess and manage because of being inherently a subjective experience influenced by multiple factors. The perception and tolerance of pain may vary because of different psychological and social influences of the patient. Therefore it is important for health care providers to assess the pain so that individualized management interventions can be provided. This study was aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge and practices related to pain assessment in critically ill patients.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 registered nurses working at different ICU in Square Hospital. The study was conducted within April to August 2017. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and it was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: About 81% of the respondents were in the age group 22-32 years and the mean age of the respondents was 27.74±12.06 years. About 79.0% of the respondents were female and 59.5% of the respondents had diploma in nursing. The mean monthly income of the respondents’ was 19450.5 taka. The majority (59.5%) of the respondents had less than 2 years’ service experience. About 85.5% of the respondents said it is important to assess the pain and need for analgesia before, during, and after wound care.Conclusions: Our findings reported that the nurses were reasonably knowledgeable about the principles of pain assessment. More than four-fifths of the respondents had adequate knowledge about pain assessment.

scholarly journals Vertical distribution of soil nutrients under different land use systems in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Land Use Systems

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.

scholarly journals Notary Role In Agricultural Land Rent Agreement In The Village Of Tungu Godong District Of Grobogan

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ani Hilyani Hilyani ◽  
Aryani Witasari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The People ◽  
The Village ◽  
Lease Agreement

The purpose of this research are: 1) To determine the role of the Notary in the implementation of the agreement rented farmland in the village of Tungu Godong District of Grobogan. 2) To know the rental renting Agricultural Land In the village Tungu Godong District of Grobogan. 3) To know the constraints in the implementation of the lease meyewa farmland and the solution of these constraints. The method in this research sociological juridical This study is based on positive law in Indonesia and is based on existing practices in the community. So paties directly relate to both parties, including the people who do agricultural land lease agreement.Based on the analysis of this study concluded that the role of the Notary in the lease agreement of agricultural land is the agreement made before a Notary with the deed of lease agreement, the lease which is carried out in the village Tungu done by those who do the lease agreement in line of sight crushing price to be agreed , if it is agreed the lease agreement was publishes an agreement in the agreement, such as a lease, the lease payments. The obstacles in the process of leasing such as crop failure, it is also common pests and the solution of these problems are minimized losses by means of land rent farmers cultivating land in addition to the main cropping namely rice, do matcher other crops such as corn.Keywords: Role of the Notary; Rent Agreement; Land of Agriculture.

scholarly journals Analisis Ketidakpastian dalam Memanfaatkan Lahan Pertanian di Desa Sukasari Kaler Kecamatan Argapura Majalengka

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sudrajat Sudrajat
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Other Hand

Abstrak Petani dalam memanfaatkan lahan pertanian selalu berhadapan dengan ketidakpastian. Di sisi lain petani juga harus mempertimbangkan berbagai jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan agar tidak gagal panen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1) mengindentifikasi jenis ketidakpastian yang sering dihadapi petani  dalam  memanfaatkan lahan pertanian; dan  (2) menganalisis pengaruh ketidakpastian terhadap pertimbangan petani dalam menentukan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan. Data yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan petani, sedangkan data sekunder dari beberapa instansi terkait. Pengukuran ketidakpastian dilakukan menggunakan metode skala likerts. Analisis data di lakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya keragaman jenis  ketidakpastian yang selalu dihadapi petani dalam pemanfaatan lahan pertanian dan ketidakpastian tersebut  telah dijadikan dasar oleh petani untuk mempertimbangan jenis komoditi yang akan diusahakan.Abstract Farmers in utilizing agricultural land always faced with uncertainty. On the other hand, farmers should also consider various types of commodities which will be endeavored that no crop failure.  Based on the above, the research is conducted with the objectives: (1) to identify the kinds of uncertainties often faced by farmers in utilizing agricultural land for farming activities; (2) to analyzes the influence of uncertainty on the consideration of farmers in determining the type of commodity to be cultivated. The data collected consist of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from interview with farmer while secondary data from several related institutions. Measurement of uncertainty is done using likerts scale method. Data analysis is done descriptively qualitative. The results of the study found that the diversity of types of uncertainty often faced by farmers in agricultural land use and the uncertainty has been used as a basis by farmers to consider the types of commodities to be cultivated.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impacts of Agriculture to Groundwater Pollution in a Shallow Aquifer in Eastern Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilim FILIPOVIĆ ◽  
Dragutin PETOŠIĆ ◽  
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ ◽  
Ivan MUSTAĆ ◽  
Zlatko SVEČNJAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Investigation Area ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Observation Period

Agricultural activities are frequently associated with groundwater pollution. In this study, the goal is to evaluate the nitrate and phosphorus levels and it's impact to the groundwater. The investigation was located in the Eastern Croatia in the area of 6.600 ha of mainly agricultural land. Groundwater quality in the countertop part of the soil profile to 4.0 m depth was monitored by 40 installed hydropedological piezometers. Sampling water from piezometers was carried out every 60 days. In the groundwater samples nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and orthophosphate were analyzed. According to the indicators it was confirmed that at all locations during the observation period mean concentrations of NH4-N, NO3-N, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the groundwater from piezometers occasionally exceeded the value of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) which is prescribed by the Regulations. The mean concentrations of NO3-N were consistent and varied in the range from 2.42 to 4.61 mg NO3-N/l, the mean concentrations of nitrogen from ammonia exceed the permissible value (NH4-N) throughout the year, the average being higher than MAC (0.50 mg NH4-N/l) and were within the range of 0.57 mg NH4-N/l in to 1.21 mg NH4-N/l. The maximum concentration of phosphorus in groundwater were in the range of values from 0.40 to 1.11 mg P/l. Observation of traditional agricultural production in the investigation area with emphasis on leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus shows that it represents a potential threat to the future pollution of groundwater with nitrogen with phosphorus.

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