Biogenetic Conversion of Wyerone and Dihydrowyerone into Wyerone Epoxide in Vicia faba Cotyledons and Screening of Antibacterial Activity

Background. Vicia faba is a plant that belongs to the family Fabaceae. Cotyledons of this plant produce compounds called phytoalexins as a result of fungal and bacterial infection or stress factors. The phytoalexins are furanoacetylenic compounds. They include wyerone, wyerol, wyerone acid, their dihydro derivatives, and wyerone epoxide. These compounds have antimicrobial activities mainly against fungi. Objective. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the biogenetic conversion of wyerone and dihydrowyerone to wyerone epoxide in V. faba and to investigate the antibacterial activities of some of these phytoalexins. Materials and Methods. Seeds of Vicia faba were used. Labelled wyerone and dihydrowyerone were obtained by treating CuCl2-induced cotyledons with sodium (2-14C) acetate and separated by TLC and HPLC. Labelled wyerone and dihydrowyerone were then applied to induced bean cotyledons to establish any possible interconversion to wyerone epoxide. Antibacterial activity of wyerone, wyerone acid, and wyerone epoxide was investigated by disc diffusion test against a panel of microorganisms. Zones of inhibition were reported. Results. The radiolabeling studies showed that 12.4% of 14C-wyerone, and 6.01% of 14C-dihydrowyerone were incorporated into wyerone epoxide. This indicates that wyerone epoxide was most probably derived from wyerone and dihydrowyerone. In addition, a new compound, 11-hydroxywyerone was isolated for the first time. Additionally, this study showed that wyerone, wyerone epoxide, and wyerone acid had no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria but were active against Gram-positive bacteria.

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VARIATIONS IN PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ECOTYPES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. AND OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.14069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Eleena Panda ◽

Chinmay Pradhan ◽

Anath Bandhu Das

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

The Family ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

New Compounds ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Objective: The present study aims at the comparative analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of four ecotypes of Odisha, India, each of Oxalis corniculata L. (OC-Eco-1, OC-Eco-2, OC-Eco-3, OC-Eco-4) and Oxalis debilis Kunth. (OD-Eco-1, OD-Eco-2, OD-Eco-3, OD-Eco-4) of the family Oxalidaceae.Methods: The ecotypes were collected from four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Khurda) of Odisha, India. The qualitative phytochemical screening was done to test glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Further analysis of phytochemicals was also screened through TLC and HPTLC. Antimicrobial potentiality of leaf extract of various ecotypes was studied against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus epidermis by disc diffusion method.Results: Tannin and terpenoids estimation revealed that significantly high amount of phytoconstituents were present in OD-Eco-3 of O. debilis. The methanolic leaf extracts of each ecotype were screened for qualitative analysis of phytochemical through TLC and HPTLC that showed maximum 16 compounds in O. debilis (OD-Eco-3) a new report, as compared to O. corniculata. All the four ecotypes of O. debilis showed some new HPTLC bands (Rf 0.96, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81) as compared to O. corniculata that occupied 7.70%, 22.38%, 23.79% and 34.42% of peak area respectively. Cluster analysis on the basis of HPTLC banding pattern showed a close affinity among ecotypes of each species. Crude extracts showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermis. Leaf extracts of ecotypes of O. corniculata showed zones of inhibition and MIC better than that of O. debilis against S. epidermis.Conclusion: The findings significantly reported some new compounds for the first time in O. debilis. The study also indicated a promising potential of antimicrobial activity of O. debilis which was the first report.

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Antibacterial Mechanism of Silkworm Seroins

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2985

Author(s):

Hongtao Zhu ◽

Xiaolu Zhang ◽

Mengyao Lu ◽

Haiqin Chen ◽

Shiyi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Antibacterial Mechanism ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Terminal Domain ◽

Silkworm Cocoon ◽

Bacterial Peptidoglycan

Seroin 1 and seroin 2 are abundant in silkworm cocoon silk and show strong antibacterial activities, and thus are thought to protect cocoon silk from damage by bacteria. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of silkworm seroin 3, and found that seroin 3 is synthesized in the female ovary and secreted into egg to play its roles. After being infected, seroin 1, 2, and 3 were significantly up-regulated in the silkworm. We synthesized the full-length protein of seroin 1, 2, and 3 and their N/C-terminal domain (seroin-N/C), and compared the antimicrobial activities in vitro. All three seroins showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. Seroin 2 showed better antibacterial effect than seroin 1 and 3, whereas seroin 1/2/3-N was better than seroin 1/2/3-C. We found that seroin 2-C has stronger peptidoglycan binding ability than seroin 2-N per the ELISA test. The binding sites of seroin 2 with bacteria were blocked by peptidoglycan, which resulted in the loss of the antibacterial activity of seroin 2. Collectively, these findings suggest that seroin 1 and 2 play antibacterial roles in cocoon silk, whereas seroin 3 functions in the eggs. The three silkworm seroins have the same antibacterial mechanism, that is, binding to bacterial peptidoglycan by the C-terminal domain and inhibiting bacterial growth by the N-terminal domain.

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THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES OF ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URS

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2018033542 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Аleksandrovich) Куркин (Kurkin) ◽

Татьяна (Tat'yana) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) Рязанова (Ryazanova) ◽

Александр (Аleksandr) Викторович (Viktorovich) Жестков (Zhestkov) ◽

Артем (Аrtem) Викторович (Viktorovich) Лямин (Lyamin) ◽

Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Авдеева (Avdeeva) ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Ester ◽

Uv Spectroscopy ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Main Component ◽

First Time ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Perm Region

The aim of this paper is the isolation of individual compounds, which are caused the antibacterial activity of the leaves of the bearberry [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.]. The leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, collected in Perm region, there were extracted with 70% ethanol, the obtained water-alcoholic infusion there was evaporated in vacuum.By means of the chromatographic methods with the using of silica gel 40/100 and eluent systems (chloroform and ethanol in several ratio) from the evaporated water-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, a substance with antibacterial activity, ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, which is a new natural compound, was isolated along with arbutin ((1-О-b-D-glucopyranoside of hydroquinone) from the leaves of this plant. The chemical structures of the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid and arbutin were established with the using of data of 1H-NMR-spectroscopy, UV-spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry..The antibacterial activity of ethyl ester of p-digallic acid against test cultures of gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the first time was determined. By antibacterial activity, arbutin was inferior not only to ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, but also to decoction from the leaves of the bearberry. Consequently, the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid is one in main component, which is take the contribution in the antibacterial activity of the decoction and other preparations of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

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Antibacterial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mentha cordifolia Leaves and Their Volatile Constituents

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601100941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601100

Author(s):

Sakon Monggoot ◽

Jariya Burawat ◽

Patcharee Pripdeevech

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽

First Time

A total of 17 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz (Lamiaceae). Seven isolates were identified to the level of genus by using taxonomically relevant morphological traits. Colletotrichum and Phomopsis species were dominant among these strains. All strains were separated from M. cordifolia leaf for the first time. The ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytic fungi were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium TISTR1166 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR781. Most endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity. Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 presented the highest inhibition zone diameter with a MIC of 31.25 μg/mL against the tested pathogens. The chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of this strain was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-one components were identified. 2-Phenylethanol (38.7%), E-ligustilide (12.4%), α-eudesmol (10.2%), β-vetivone (4.6%), β-ylangene (3.7%) and verbanol (3.4%) were the major components of the extract. The strong antibacterial activity of Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 ethyl acetate extract may be attributed to the presence of a high concentration of bioactive compounds including phenyl ethyl alcohol, E-ligustilide and α-eudesmol. The results indicate that there is high diversity of endophytic fungi in M. cordifolia leaf, and that Ustilago sp. MFLUCC15-1024 strain could be an excellent resource of natural antibacterial compounds.

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Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Yellow, Green, Brown, and Red Brazilian Propolis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/6057650 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Christiane Schineider Machado ◽

João Benhur Mokochinski ◽

Tatiana Onofre de Lira ◽

Fátima de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira ◽

Magda Vieira Cardoso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

H Nmr ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Brazilian Propolis ◽

First Time

The chemical composition and biological activity of a sample of yellow propolis from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (EEP-Y MS), were investigated for the first time and compared with green, brown, and red types of Brazilian propolis and with a sample of yellow propolis from Cuba. Overall, EEP-Y MS had different qualitative chemical profiles, as well as different cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities when compared to the other types of propolis assessed in this study and it is a different chemotype of Brazilian propolis. Absence of phenolic compounds and the presence of mixtures of aliphatic compounds in yellow propolis were determined by analysing1H-NMR spectra and fifteen terpenes were identified by GC-MS. EEP-Y MS showed cytotoxic activity against human tumour strain OVCAR-8 but was not active against Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. Our results confirm the difficulty of establishing a uniform quality standard for propolis from diverse geographical origins. The most appropriate pharmacological applications of yellow types of propolis must be further investigated.

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Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Heracleum Sibiricum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800931 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dragoljub L. Miladinović ◽

Budimir S. Ilić ◽

Tatjana M. Mihajilov-Krstev ◽

Dejan M. Nikolić ◽

Olga G. Cvetković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Broth Microdilution Method ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Total Oil ◽

Chemical Class

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Heracleum sibiricum L. (Apiaceae) was studied. The aerial part of plant was hydro-distilled and chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-six compounds, corresponding to 95.12% of the total oil, were identified. Esters represented the major chemical class (69.55%) while the main constituents were octyl butanoate (36.82%), hexyl butanoate (16.08%), 1-octanol (13.62%) and octyl hexanoate (8.10%). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil and reference antibiotics against nine bacterial strains was tested by the broth microdilution method. The results of the bioassays showed that essential oil had slight antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms (MIC and MBC values were in the range of 2431.2 to 9724.8 μg/mL). Reference antibiotics were active in concentrations between 0.5 and 16.0 μg/mL. The results confirm that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the essential oil of H. sibiricum, in comparison with Gram-negative bacteria.

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Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Fe3O4–Ag Hybrid Nanoparticles and Natural Rubber-Polyethylene Blends

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2016/7478161 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Thanh Dung Ngo ◽

Thi My Hanh Le ◽

The Huu Nguyen ◽

Thien Vuong Nguyen ◽

Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Polyethylene Blends ◽

Internal Mixer

For the vulcanized natural rubber (NR), incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the NR matrix did not exhibit the bactericidal property against Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, incorporation of AgNPs into polyethylene (PE) matrix showed good antibacterial activities to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In the present work, NR/PE (85/15) blends have been prepared by melt blending with presence of compatibilizer in an internal mixer. To possess antibacterial property, AgNPs (5–10 nm) or Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles (FAgNPs, 8 nm/16 nm) were added into PE matrix before its blending with NR component. The tensile test indicated that the presence of compatibilizer in NR/PE blend significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation at break (up to 35% and 38% increases, resp.). The antibacterial activity test was performed by monitoring of the bacterial lag-log growth phases with the presence of nanocomposites in the E. coli cell culture reactor. The antibacterial test showed that the presence of FAgNPs in NR/PE blend had a better antibacterial activity than that obtained with the lone AgNPs. Two similar reasons were proposed: (i) the faster Ag+ release rate from the Fe3O4–Ag hybrid nanoparticles due to the electron transfer from AgNP to Fe3O4 nanoparticle and (ii) the fact that the ionization of AgNPs in hybrid nanostructure might be accelerated by Fe3+ ions.

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Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v29i0.19039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 70-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anjana Devkota ◽

Ritu Kumari Das

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Xanthium Strumarium ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Oxazepine and Oxazocine Derivatives

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.5560/znc.2014-0029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (7-8) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jian Tang ◽

Yu-liang Jiang ◽

Bing-xiang Wang ◽

Yong-miao Shen

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Steric Structure ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

A series of annulated 7-membered oxazepine and 8-membered oxazocine derivatives were synthesized by photoreaction of phthalimide derivatives and an alkene. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated, and compounds 18 and 20 exhibited best antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The relationships between structure (especially steric structure) and antimicrobial activities are discussed.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI DARI BEBERAPA KULTIVAR TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 DENGAN HOLE-PLATE DIFFUSION METHOD

Journal of Biological Researches ◽

10.23869/bphjbr.9.1.200310 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49-51

Author(s):

Farida Lanawati Darsono ◽

Stephanie Devi Artemisia

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Activity Test

A study has been performed on the antimicrobial activities of jambu biji (Psidium guajava Linn) leaves from several cultivars (red, white and yellow cultivar) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 representing the Gram positive bacteria. The reason for conducting this research is that the leaves of jambu biji are frequently used in traditional medicine as a remedy against diarrhoea. The hole-plate diffusion method was used for conducting the antimicrobial activity test with antibiotics (Ampicilline trihidrat) as reference standards. The extracts of jambu biji for each cultivar were obtained by reflux with ethanol 96 percent. The concentrations of the extracts applied to the holes were 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v, the extracts were reconstituted with tween 80 and ethanol 96 percent. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji from each cultivar with the concentration of 10 percent, 20 percent, and 30 percent w/v showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The result obtained statictically evaluated using Anava Factorial 3x3 and furthery tested for significancy (a = 0.05). Based on the results of study, it can be concluded that the extract of jambu biji leaves from red cultivar, white cultivar and yellow cultivar showed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

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