scholarly journals Phytochemical, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Fruits of Miswak Plant, Salvadora persica L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Bratty ◽  
Hafiz A. Makeen ◽  
Hassan A. Alhazmi ◽  
Sohier M. Syame ◽  
Ashraf N. Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Ht29 Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Selective Antimicrobial Activity

Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits using GC-MS showed the presence of six esters (20.71%), seven alkanes (15.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The predominant constituents were acetyl dasycarpidan-1-methanol (10.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The petroleum ether extract of the fruits contained mainly eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (23.81%), 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (11.78%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester derivative (10.56%), and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%). The cytotoxic properties of the ethanol extract were investigated by MTT assay against the breast MCF7, ovary A2780, and colon HT29 cells. The fruit extract of S. persica was selective against the ovarian and colon cancer cells compared to normal fibroblast cells (MRC5) as it showed IC50 values 17.50, 8.35, and 5.12, against MCF7, A2780, and HT29 cells, respectively. Interestingly, the fruit extract was also found to possess selective antimicrobial activity for Streptococcus mutans isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, it was found to be ineffective against other Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. This study provides insight into the bioactive components present in the fruits of the plant that can be utilized for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties.

scholarly journals In vitro Antioxidant Potentials of Ethanol Extract of Unripe and Ripe Dennetia tripetala Fruits

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. I. Akpakpan ◽  
E. N. Onyeike ◽  
C. U. Ogunka-Nnoka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Ic50 Values

Dennettia tripetala fruit is a popular Nigerian fruit from the family of plant known as Annonaceae. The whole fruit (flesh and seed) is usually consumed as snacks and it is oftentimes consumed with local gin (ufofop in Ibibio or kaikai in Igbo) or added to dishes as spice due to its peculiar strong pepperish taste and sweet aroma. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antioxidant potentials of ethanol extract of ripe and unripe D. tripetala (DT) fruit in vitro. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of DT was evaluated spectrophotometrically using various in vitro models like 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity; metal chelating activity and reducing power. Vitamin C was used as the standard antioxidant.Unripe and ripe DT fruits, as well as vitamin C showed a competitive inhibition of DPPH and H2O2 free radicals. As concentration of the extracts increased from 20 to100 µg/mL, the % scavenging activity for vitamin C increased from 87.86 ± 0.11 to 90.66 ± 0.07 and for ripe DT fruits from 15.15 ± 0.24 to 25.52 ± 0.23, while for unripe, fruits values increased from 12.09 ± 0.35 to 23.06 ± 0.12. The IC50 values was highest in unripe (549.23) followed by ripe (276.63) and lowest in vitamin C (12.92) indicating that vitamin C was the best scavenger of DPPH radical. Similar trend was obtained for H2O2 scavenging activity as well as reducing power. Unripe DT fruit extract was more potent at chelating metal ions (IC50 was 95.38), followed by the standard ascorbic acid with IC50 of 97.03 and was lowest in ripe DT fruit extract with IC50 value of 124.66. Unripe and ripe DT are potent antioxidants in nature and may be used to supplement our diets as rich sources of natural antioxidants for health protection.

scholarly journals Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Siska ◽  
Diene Roufiani ◽  
Ema Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antiallergic Activity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Group Group

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced.  Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.

scholarly journals Radical scavenging and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extracts of Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. from Macedonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Mileski ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
Ana Ciric ◽  
Slavica Grujic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Positive Controls

This study was undertaken to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of essential oil and extracts of Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. (fam. Apiaceae) collected in Macedonia. The chemical composition of E. sibthorpiana essential oil was characterized by the presence of methyl eugenol (60.40%), p-cymene (11.18%) and ?-phellandrene (10.23%). The free radical scavenging activity of extracts and essential oil was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The aqueous extract of aerial parts exhibited the strongest scavenging activity (IC50=1.67 mg/ml); results of the ABTS test showed that the most effective was the ethanol extract of aerial parts (1.11 mg vit. C/g). The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant activity compared to hydroxyanisole, ascorbic acid and quercetin that were used in the DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the extracts ranged between 38.65-60.72 mg GA/g, and 3.15-19.00 mg Qu/g, respectively. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts and essential oil were investigated using a micro-well dilution technique against human pathogenic strains. The results were comparable with the effects of the positive controls, streptomycin and fluconazole. These findings indicate that E. sibthorpiana extracts and oil can be used in preventive treatments and as an alternative for synthetic preservatives.

scholarly journals Proapoptotic Activity of Achillea membranacea Essential Oil and Its Major Constituent 1,8-Cineole against A2780 Ovarian Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf N. Abdalla ◽  
Usama Shaheen ◽  
Qasem M. A. Abdallah ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Majdi M. Bkhaitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Normal Fibroblast ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Ht29 Cells ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

Among the hundreds of reported Achillea species, A. membranacea (Labill.) DC. is one of the six that grow in Jordan. Many species of this genus are used in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments and several biological and pharmacological activities have been ascribed to their essential oil (EO). For this study, the EO obtained from a specimen of A. membranacea grown in Jordan was analyzed by GC-MS. Ninety-six compounds were detected, of which oxygenated monoterpenes was the predominant class (47.9%), followed by non-terpene derivatives (27.9%), while sesquiterpenes represented 14.2% of the total composition. The most abundant compound in the EO was 1,8-cineole (21.7%). The cytotoxic activity of the EO was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MCF7, A2780 and HT29), and one normal fibroblast cell line (MRC5) by MTT assay. Significant growth inhibition was observed in EO-exposed A2780 and HT29 cells (IC50 = 12.99 and 14.02 μg/mL, respectively), while MCF7 and MRC5 were less susceptible. The EO induced apoptosis and increased the preG1 events in A2780 cells. 1,8-Cineole, the major constituent of the EO, exhibited submicromolar cytotoxicity against A2780 cells, and was 42 times more selective against MRC5 cells. Its cytotoxicity against A2780 cells was comparable with that of doxorubicin, but 1,8-cineole was more selective for MRC5 normal cells. Interestingly, 1,8-cineole enhanced apoptosis in A2780, and caused a remarkable dose-dependent increase in preG1 events. Thus, 1,8-cineole has demonstrated promising cytotoxic and proapoptotic properties.

Determination of Bioactive Components of Oil-Tea Cake by Pyrolysis- GC/MS

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Qi Mei Liu ◽  
Dang Quan Zhang ◽  
Kuan Peng ◽  
Wan Xi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pentadecanoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Analytical Result

The oil-tea cake is the particular byproduct during producing tea-oil from seeds of Camellia oleifera (oil-tea tree). However, the current processing and utilization of oil-tea cake is still low economic benefit and also low value-added. Therefore, 300°C-based pyrolysis- GC/MS technology was used to analyze the top value-added bioactive components of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake. The analytical result showed that 14 peaks were obtained from the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extract of oil-tea cake, and 13 compounds representing 99.16% of the total areas were identified. The MS analytical result showed that the main components of pyrolyzates of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake by 300°C pyrolysis- GC/MS were identified as: ethyl oleate; 14-pentadecenoic acid; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydrsoxy-1,3-propanedryl ester; pentadecanoic acid, ethyl ester; squalene; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3-nitro-; etc.The results of function analyses showed that the 300°C pyrolyzate of benzene/ethanol extractives of oil-tea cake contains abundant bioactive components of rare natural medicinal materials, and also contain many components which can be developed into two value-added materials of industrial chemical and high-grade spice.

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas GELL Obat Jerawat Dari Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Herviani Sari ◽  
Firdaus Fahdi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
Extract Concentration

Bacterial infection is a major factor in causing acne. The causes of acne are many (multifactorial), including genetic, endocrine, dietary factors, the activity of the sebaceous glands themselves, psychological factors, mucin, infection by Propionibacterium acne, cosmetics, and other chemicals. Pare extract can be formulated as a gell pimple, which can inhibit the growth of propionibacterium acne. The samples in this study were gell preparations of the ethanol extract of bitter melon with a concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10%. Based on the results obtained, the addition of the ethanol extract concentration of bitter melon fruit depends on the extract produced. The higher the concentration of gell preparations, the better it is to inhibit bacterial growth. The  results showing that pare fruit extract with a concetration of 5%, 7,5%, 10%, and as gell verile 0,025% get a variety of results. And a good resistance zone on the three concentrations that are most close to verile effectiveness is 10% concentration. In conclusion, bitter melon extract can be formulated as an acne medication that can inhibit the growth of the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.

scholarly journals Organic Acid Content and Antimicrobial Properties of Eleiodoxa conferta Extracts at Different Maturity Stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Seri Intan Mokhtar ◽  
Nur Ain Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
Ripe Stage

Eleiodoxa conferta water extracts at different maturity stages were shown to contain three types of organic acid which are oxalic, ascorbic and malic acids by HPLC analysis. The content of oxalic acid concentration was the highest at young stage (1.33 gml-1) followed by mature stage (1.26 gml-1) and ripe stage at 1.23 gml-1. Malic acid content decreased during ripening from 1.38 gml-1 to 1.07 gml-1. The concentration of ascorbic acid remained constants during the fruit ripening. When antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against several bacteria it was observed that the activity decreased as the fruit ripen. Highest diameter of inhibition zone was recorded against Escherichia coli by the young fruit extract at 15.3 mm. MIC of 0.063 gml-1 exhibit by the young fruit extract was helpful in controlling the growth of Gram negative bacteria, E. coli. However, 0.063 gml-1 concentration of extract from mature fruit is shown to regulate the growth of Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococus aureus.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Properties of Ziziphus jujubа (Rhamnaceae) Fruits

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoilova I ◽  
Trifonova D. ◽  
Marchev A. ◽  
Stanchev V. ◽  
Angelova G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
High Inhibition

In the current study the phytochemical profile of 70% ethanol extract of Ziziphus jujubа (Rhamnaceae), cultivated in Bulgaria has been investigated. The fruit extract contained numerous phytochemicals, such as triterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids. Five triterpenes, 11 phenolic acids and 5 flavonoids have been identified. The fruit extract had a total phenolic content of 21.62 ± 0.0265 mg/g and total flavonoid content 1.34 ± 0.017 mg/g dried extract. Among the triterpenes with the highest concentration was the betulinic acid 20943.17±527.06 µg/g dried extract, rosmarinic acid (1174.26±29.55 µg/g) among the phenolic acids, followed by myricetin (214.61±5.40 µg/g) as a representative of flavonoids and rutin 3 046.89±76.68 among the quercetin glycosides. The inhibitory effect of Z. jujubа fruit extract has been investigated on the key enzymes linked to diabetes – α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In order to evaluate the type of inhibition a Lineweaver-Burk plot was produced. The results obtained from the enzyme kinetic studies exhibited a mixed noncompetitive-uncompetitive type of inhibition on α-glucosidase and mixed competitive-non-competitive type of inhibition on α-amylase. Besides that the obtained results proved high inhibition of α-glucosidase (79.46% at 1.33 mg.ml-1 extract) and moderate inhibition of α-amylase (39.10% at 0.666 mg.ml-1 extract concentration). These results suggest the possible use of fruits of Z. jujubа in the management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Biological activities of spike moss Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring. collected from Co Thach, Binh Thuan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Tran Ngoc Bao Do ◽  
Tien Thi My Le ◽  
Hiep Minh Dinh ◽  
Phuong Ngo Diem Quach
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Selaginella Tamariscina

In Vietnam, Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring. has been used as a traditional medicine for osteoarthritis, haemorrhage, hepatitis, burn, … However, Selaginella tamariscina is less studied than in other countries. Therefore, this research focuses on study some bioactivities (such as antioxidative, antibacterial activities, and inhibition of albumin denaturation) and preliminary phytochemical screening of six extracts (ethanol extracts of root, leaf, whole plant, petroleum extracts of root, leaf, whole plant) of S. tamariscina collect from Co Thach, Binh Thuan Province. The preliminary phytochemical screening results show that Selaginella tamariscina extracts have most of secondary metabolite groups such as phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and lactone. The antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of root is higher than that of other extracts. Moreover, the ethanol extract of root also has the highest reducing ability and free radical scavenging activity, with EC50 = 1.590 ± 0.091mg/ml. In the anti-denaturation of albumin test, the petroleum ether extract of whole plant has the lowest IC50 at 99 ± 5μg/ml.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVITY OF 50% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS TEA LEAVES AS HAND ANTISEPTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Monica Oktaviana ◽  
Johannes C Prihadi ◽  
Lucky H. Moehario
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
Colony Counter

Introduction: : Practicing hand hygiene is a way to control an infection. The recent COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene has become the necessity. Using antiseptic which contain chemical active ingredients causes skin problem. Camellia sinensis is a natural ingredient which its antimicrobial properties is due to the presence of catechin. The study was aimed to determine the effectivity of ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves as hand antiseptic. Methods: This research was a comparative experimental analytic to 32 respondents conducted in the Microbiology Laboraroty of Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences–Atma Jaya Jakarta Catholic University of Indonesia. Sampling was carried out by taking bacterial swabs on the right palms. Followed by dilution using serial dilution method and inoculated onto nutrient agar using the spread plate technic. After incubation at 37oC overnight the bacterial colonies were calculated using colony counter within a range of 30-300 colonies per plate. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney was used for data analysis. Results: The total number of bacterial colonies after sanitizing using 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves was reduced by 55.04% (p=0.003). Meanwhile, 70% alcohol curb the bacterial colonies by 76.84% (p=0.000). The comparison of the effectivity of 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensistea leaves versus 70%  alcohol as hand antiseptic was insignificance (p=0.300). Conclusion: 50% ethanol extract of Camellia sinensis tea leaves showed activity against hand’s microorganisms. However, the percentages of Camellia sinensis extract might be increased so as to achieve the effectivity of 70% alcohol.

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