scholarly journals Natural Products as Sources of Antimalarial Drugs: Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Oluwole Solomon Oladeji ◽  
Abimbola Peter Oluyori ◽  
Deborah Temitope Bankole ◽  
Tokunbo Yemisi Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Medicinal Species

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Malaria is one of the lethal diseases of man, contributing to about 17 million deaths annually, leading to sociocultural, economic, and health influences. Aim of the Study. The study explores the ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological appraisal of antimalarial plants used by people of Omu Aran, Ogbomoso, Ado Ekiti, and Sagamu communities in Nigeria. Materials and Methods. For this study, relevant information was procured from the inhabitants via a structured questionnaire to procure the general knowledge of antimalarial medicinal plants. Results and Discussion. A total of 90 interviewees (44 men and 46 women) were involved in this survey. A total of 59 medicinal species were identified, which were dispersed in 33 families (Asteraceae (6), Apocynaceae (5), Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae (3 each), Phyllanthaceae (2)) totaling 49% of the cited species. The most cited plants are Azadirachta indica (42), Mangifera indica (38), Carica papaya (28), Cymbopogon citratus (27), Cassia fistula (15), Morinda lucida (14), Anacardium occidentale and Vernonia amygdalina (13 each), Helianthus annuus (11), Enantia chlorantha (10), and Moringa oleifera (9) A total of 105 citations were recorded for the plant parts used (leaf (46), bark (17), fruits (9), root (9), latex (11), stem (11), and inflorescence (2)) while decoction (59%), maceration (25%), infusion (9%), and exudation (7%) were the methods of preparation. Use Values (UVs) of 0.47 to 0.11 were recorded for the frequently used antimalarial plants. The Efficiency Levels (ELs) of 11 different medicinal plants stated by the respondents were Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula and Morinda lucida (12), Chromolaena odorata (10), Mangifera indica, Enantia chlorantha and Helianthus annuus (8), Cymbopogon citratus (7), Gossypium arboretum (4), Landolphia dulcis (3), and Aloe vera (2) Cocos nucifera, Curcuma longa, Forkia biglobosa, and Musa acuminate are mentioned for the first time in the study area with little or no reported antiplasmodial activities. Conclusion. The study appraised the commonly used antimalarial plants in the study areas. Therefore, commitment to scientifically explore the bioactive compounds, antimalarial potential and toxicological profile of these plants is inevitable as they could lead to novel natural products for effective malaria therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-dermatophytic activity of medicinal plants derived products

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anu Gupta ◽  
Alisha . ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Prabhjot Kaur Gill
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Citrus Limonum

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Dermatophytes are a group of closely related fungi which are able to invade the keratinized tissue skin, hair and nail. In this study different medicinal plants like <em>Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Citrus limonum, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera</em> were used as antifungal agent against different dermatophyte species.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study consisting of 320 patients clinically diagnosed having dermatophytic infection who reported to the Dermatology outpatient department (OPD), Adesh medical college, Bathinda was conducted for the period of 2 years. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected and sample was taken from the edge of infected area which was then collected in 2 ml of Eppendorf. Extracts of medicinal plants were then explored against dermatophyte. The data was evaluated using appropriate statistical method.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>All dermatophyte species were found sensitive for <em>Melaleuca alternifolia, Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum</em>. These medicinal plants showed very good results as antifungal against dermatophytes while <em>Azadirachta indica </em>and <em>Citrus limonum </em>were moderate sensitive and <em>Curcuma longa </em>and <em>Cocos nucifera </em>did not show any zone of inhibition around the well.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research provides a scientific validation for the use of these medicinal plants in the treatment of dermatophytic infection and could be used in future for dermatophytic infection and other skin infection.</p>

scholarly journals Medicinal Plant by Batak Toba Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA SILALAHI ◽  
NISYAWATI NISYAWATI ◽  
DINGSE PANDIANGAN
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract. Silalahi M, Nisyawati, Pandiangan D. 2019. Medicinal plants used by the Batak Toba Tribe in Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 510-525. Research of the medicinal plants by the Toba Batak ethnic has limited, even though the globalization and modernization resulted to degradation of the local knowledge. The objectives of this study were (i) documentation of medicinal plants used in the traditional therapies by the Batak Toba tribe of Peadundung Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia, and (ii) analysing the data by quantitative ethnobotanical tools such as use value (UV), cultural significance index (CSI), relative frequency of citation (RCF) and informant consensus factor (ICF) to determine the cultural importance of medicinal plants in order to develop a tool for their conservation. Semi-structured interviews with 41 identified respondents was the methodology employed for qualitative data collection. A total of 149 medicinal species of plants, belonging to 131 genera and 55 families, were recorded in the study which are used in the treatment of 21 categories of ailments. Plants with the highest UV were Eurycoma longifolia (UV=3.44), Curcuma longa (UV=2.67) and Zingiber officinale (UV=2.60). Eight species, namely Curcuma longa, Eurycoma longifolia, Allium cepa, Psidium guajava, Aleurites moluccanus, Piper betle, Citrus hystrix and Uncaria gambir were found to be having the highest RCF value of 1.00. Eurycoma longifolia (CSI=126), Curcuma longa (CSI=112) and Zingiber officinale (CSI = 105) emerged as the culturally most significant medicinal plants. Thrush and aphrodisiac use categories received the highest ICF of 1.00 each because the informants agreed of using only a single species for each of these categories. Eurycoma longifolia was used as an aphrodisiac whereas Averrhoa carambola was used against thrush. All these important and significant plants suffer the greatest harvesting pressure, hence their conservation should be given priority.

scholarly journals Ten commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia used for cosmetic formulations – A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1716-1728
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Najiha Othman ◽  
Pei Teng Lum ◽  
Aina Akmal Mohd Noor ◽  
Nurul Azima Mazlan ◽  
Puteri Zarith Sofea Yusri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations

Malaysia is rich in natural and herbal resources which have the potential to be used as traditional medicine as well as cosmetics. These plant sources are used by the folklore to help in enriching their beauty. Leaves, fruits, flowers and roots of medicinal plants in Malaysia are used in cosmetic formulations to get different biological effects. Health issues with particular reference to skin issues, such as acne, dry skin, dull skin and alopecia can be alleviated by using these plants. Since time immemorial, herbal products have been used in maintaining and enhancing physical appearance of humans. Herbal cosmetics have growing demand in the world market and is an invaluable gift of nature. This review is about ten commonly available medicinal plants in Malaysia used in the cosmetic formulations which includes Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, Cocos nucifera, Cucumis sativus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Punica granatum, Garcinia mangostana, Carica papaya, Lawsonia inermis and Hibiscus rosasinensis. These are the ten plants that are commonly used traditionally in treating many skin conditions and hair problems. Different parts of the plant may produce different beneficial effects to the consumers. Using the herbal and natural ingredients in cosmetics alleviates the side effects almost to nil. This is predominantly lower than the side effects caused by synthetic cosmetics.

scholarly journals Arborização do Bairro Peixe-gordo na cidade de Icapuí-Ce

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Isac Maia de Souza ◽  
Lucas Ramos da Costa ◽  
Marcelo Tavares Gurgel ◽  
Sílvio Roberto Fernandes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a arborização do bairro de peixe-gordo. Para isso foi realizado levantando, identificação e caracterização das árvores plantadas com potencial para o uso em arborização urbana, de forma a oferecer novas opções de utilização para estas árvores, levando em conta suas qualidades e limitações. A presente pesquisa foi realizada entre os dias 13 à 28 de julho de 2013, os dados foram coletados através de contagem simples e anotados em uma ficha de campo previamente preparada com informações sobre a data de coleta, nome vulgar (popular) e científico das espécies. Ainda foi realizado o registro de fotos das árvores. Foram encontrados 266 indivíduos arbóreos, pertencente a 29 espécies. A espécie mais frequente constatada foi o coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) Com uma percentagem de 31,2%. Vale ressaltar que, a presença das espécies do (a): Nim (Azadirachta indica a. Juss.) com percentual de 26,3%, carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera) com 6,01%, mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) com 4,13% respectivamente, e o juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) com 3,38% de ocorrência.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants used by traditional healers for hemorrhoid treatment in Borneo island: Ethnopharmacological study RISTOJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012097
Author(s):  
P R W Astana ◽  
U Nisa ◽  
A Triyono ◽  
D Ardiyanto ◽  
U Fitriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Electronic Search

Abstract Borneo is known as the third largest island in the world, which has enormous biodiversity. For generations, the locals used to utilize surrounding plants to treat diseases and maintain their health. Hemorrhoid is one of the diseases which is often treated using medicinal plants. An ethnopharmacological study (RISTOJA) was conducted to find potential plants to be developed in Borneo island by interviewing selected local traditional healers. Identification of medicinal plants was performed, followed by descriptive and literature studies. The most important medicinal plants were defined using the calculation of frequency of citation (FC), use value (UV), and choice value (CV). In order to establish scientific evidence, a literature review was conducted focused on the benefit and toxicity using electronic search engines Pubmed, DOAJ, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The evidence was collected from empirical use to in-vitro, animal, or clinical studies. There were 49 species under 31 families used in herbal formula for hemorrhoids. Based on FC, UV, CV, and literature review, Curcuma longa L., Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff., Melastoma malabathricum L., and Cocos nucifera were confirmed to have enough scientific evidence regarding its safety and efficacy. Accordingly, those plants have the potential to be further developed.

Ceratocystis fimbriata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Morgan-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽  
Branch Canker

Abstract A description is provided for Ceratocystis fimbriata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a variety of hosts but particularly frequent on Cocos nucifera, Coffea spp., Hevea spp., Ipomoea batatas, Prunus spp. and Theobroma cacao. Other hosts include Cassia fistula, Crotalaria juncea, C. retusa, Gliricidia septum, Mangifera indica, Pimenta officinalis, Platanus officinalis, P. alba, Populus tremuloides, Quercus spp. DISEASES: Black rot of sweet potato; mouldy rot of rubber, blue rot and wilt of cacao, trunk and branch canker of coffee, also of prune, apricot, almond and plane; blight of mango; canker and wilt of pimento. DISTRIBUTION: World-wide (CMI Map 91, ed. 3, 1965). TRANSMISSION: Wind is an important agent of spread (41: 377) and also rain by distribution of excrement of insects bearing propagules of the fungus. The following have been reported as vectors Hypothenemus plumeriae, Melanotus caudex (wireworm), Platypus spp., Steirastoma brevis, Xyleborus spp. and the field mouse (35: 227). Transmission has been demonstrated experimentally by a number of other vectors (42: 496).

scholarly journals Common Garlic (Allium sativumL.) has Potent Anti-Bacillus anthracisActivity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Kaur ◽  
Atul Tiwari ◽  
Manish Manish ◽  
Indresh K Maurya ◽  
Rakesh Bhatnagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Endemic Areas

AbstractEthnopharmacological RelevanceGastrointestinal anthrax, a disease caused byBacillus anthracis, remains an important but relatively neglected endemic disease of animals and humans in remote areas of the Indian subcontinent and some parts of Africa. Its initial symptoms include diarrhea and stomachache. In the current study, several common plants indicated for diarrhea, dysentery, stomachache or as stomachic as per traditional knowledge in the Indian subcontinent,i.e.,Aegle marmelos(L.) Correa (Bael),Allium cepaL. (Onion),Allium sativumL. (Garlic), Azadirachta indicaA. Juss. (Neem),Berberis asiaticaRoxb. ex DC. (Daruharidra),Coriandrum sativumL. (Coriander),Curcuma longaL. (Turmeric),Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. (Bermuda grass),Mangifera indica L.(Mango),Morus indicaL. (Black mulberry),Ocimum tenuiflorumL.(Ocimum sanctum L., Holy Basil),Ocimum gratissimumL. (Ram Tulsi),Psidium guajavaL. (Guava),Zingiber officinaleRoscoe (Ginger), were evaluated for their anti-Bacillus anthracisproperty. The usage ofAzadirachta indicaA. Juss. andCurcuma longaL. by Santals (India), andAllium sp.by biblical people to alleviate anthrax-like symptoms is well documented, but the usage of other plants is traditionally only indicated for different gastrointestinal disturbances/conditions.Aim of the StudyEvaluate the above listed commonly available edible plants from the Indian subcontinent that are used in the traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases including those also indicated for anthrax-like symptoms for the presence of potent anti-B. anthracisactivity in a form amenable to use by the general population in the endemic areas.Materials and MethodsAqueous extracts made from fourteen plants indicated above were screened for their anti-B. anthracisactivity using agar-well diffusion assay (AWDA) and broth microdilution methods. The Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) that displayed most potent anti-B. anthracisactivity was assessed for its thermostability, stability under pH extremes encountered in the gastrointestinal tract, and potential antagonistic interaction with bile salts as well as the FDA-approved antibiotics used for anthrax control. The bioactive fractions from the AGE were isolated by TLC coupled bioautography followed by their characterization using GC-MS.ResultsGarlic (Allium sativumL.) extract was identified as the most promising candidate with bactericidal activity againstB. anthracis. It consistently inhibited the growth ofB. anthracisin AWDA and decreased the viable colony-forming unit counts in liquid-broth cultures by 6-logs within 6-12 h. The AGE displayed acceptable thermostability (>80% anti-B. anthracisactivity retained on incubation at 50°C for 12 h) and stability in gastric pH range (2-8). It did not antagonize the activity of FDA-approved antibiotics used for anthrax control. GC-MS analysis of the TLC separated bioactive fractions of AGE indicated the presence of previously unreported constituents such as phthalic acid derivatives, acid esters, phenyl group-containing compounds, steroidsetc.ConclusionThe Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) displayed potent anti-B. anthracisactivity. It was better than that displayed byAzadirachta indicaA. Juss. (Neem) andMangifera indicaL. whileCurcuma longaL. (Turmeric) did not show any activity under the assay conditions used. Further work should be undertaken to explore the possible application of AGE in preventing anthrax incidences in endemic areas.Abstract Figure

scholarly journals Lehya formulations for mother and child care in Havyak community of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Shruthi V Hegde ◽  
Pradeep B. Bhat ◽  
Ganesh R Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Plant Parts

The period between pregnancy and the child birth is a critical phase in the lives of mothers and newborn babies. In most of the Asian countries including India, the use of medicinal plants, cultural traditions and the diets practiced by the ethnic groups have their age old histories. Present study was carried out to compile the traditional knowledge of the age old practitioners on pre and postnatal remedies. The survey was carried out in the areas of Sirsi, Siddapur and Mundgod taluks of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka state, India. Medicinal plants were collected and quantitative data analyses like Use Value (UV), Relative frequency citation (Rfc) and Family Importance Value (FIV) have been provided to analyze the importance of reported plants. The study revealed the use of 28 plant species belonging to 19 families. The home remedies for pregnant women are in the form of paste, called ‘Lehya’ in local language. Habit-wise analysis of the plants indicate that herbs are highly used (35.71%) and in most of the case fruits (32.14%) and seeds (25%) are frequently used plant parts in ‘Lehya’ preparation. The most important plant species according to the quantitative data analysis are Cassia sophera, Centella asiatica, Cocos nucifera, Cucumis melo var. acidulus, Curcuma longa, Phoenix dactylifera and Syzygium aromaticum.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and phytochemical screening of six plants commonly used in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-501
Author(s):  
R. Omagha ◽  
E.T. Idowu ◽  
C.G. Alimba ◽  
A.O. Otubanjo ◽  
E.O. Agbaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Medicinal plants contain active compounds usually present as complex mixtures though at low concentrations, which accounts for the medicinal properties. Therefore it is important to identify and characterize these compounds. This study aims to quantify and characterize the physicochemical and phytochemical compositions of six plants commonly used in the treatment of malaria using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). These plants which are used individually or in combinations: Enantia chlorantha, Cymbopogon citratus, Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Alstonia boonei and Mangifera indica, were extracted with hot water and the extracts characterized with HPLC using standard procedures. The results showed that M. indica stem bark had the highest yield with 81.48% and C. papaya had the lowest yield with 53.80%. Physicochemical properties of the extracts of E. chlorantha, C. citratus, C. longa, C. papaya, A. boonei and M. indica respectively are as follows: Melting point 90, 80, 95, 92, 96 and 96; pH 7.43, 8.02, 6.24, 6.81, 6.41, 6.85; moisture content 18.27, 22.77, 9.96, 9.62, 3.85 and 10.00; Total ash 1.45, 3.51, 0.34, 0.57, 9.10,10.21; refractive index 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34, 1.34 and 1.34. Alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, coumarin were some of the antimalarial active phytochemicals identified. Alkaloid (Atropine) was highest in C. longa (4382.2mg/g). M. indica (32982.8mg/g) had the highest Rutin Hydrate content. While Quercetin was not detected in C. papaya, it was considerably present in A. boonei (491.1mg/g). All the analyzed six plants contain low phenol (gallic acid). The characterized physicochemical and phytochemical compositions of the examined plants suggests why the plants are effective in the treatment of malaria. The information reported herein describes the physicochemical and phytochemical contents of six commonly used antimalarial plants in Nigeria. It is expected that the information will be useful in understanding the pharmaceutical effects of how the plants work in the body and in the development of efficacious and safe antimalarial drugs.

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