scholarly journals Roles of Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract, Its Subsequent Fractions, and the Isolated Compounds in Hepatoprotection against Paracetamol-Induced Toxicity as Compared to Silymarin

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Hussein M. Eldeeb ◽  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Suliman A. Almahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Suaeda vermiculata, a halophyte consumed by livestock, is also used by Bedouins to manage liver disorders. The aqueous-ethanolic extract of S. vermiculata, its subsequent fractions, and pure compounds, i.e., pheophytin-A (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), and quercetin (3), were evaluated for their hepatoprotective efficacy. The male mice were daily fed with either silymarin, plant aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, pure isolated compounds, or carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) for 7 days ( n = 6 /group, p.o.). On the day 7th of the administrations, all, except the intact animal groups, were induced with hepatotoxicity using paracetamol (PCM, 300 mg/kg). The anesthetized animals were euthanized after 24 h; blood and liver tissues were collected and analysed. The serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly for all the S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fraction, and compound-treated groups when equated with the PCM group ( p < 0.0001 ). The antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased significantly ( p < 0.05 ) for the silymarin-, n-hexane-, and quercetin-fed groups. Similarly, the catalase (CAT) enzyme level significantly increased for all the groups, except for the compound 2-treated group as compared to the CMC group. Also, the glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly increased for the n-butanol treated group than for the PCM group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LP) and nitric oxide (NO), the inflammatory markers, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the kidney’s functional biomarker parameters remained unchanged and did not differ significantly for the treated groups in comparison to the PCM-induced toxicity bearing animals. All the treated groups demonstrated significant decreases in cholesterol levels as compared to the PCM group, indicating hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The quercetin-treated group demonstrated significant improvement in triglyceride level. The S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and the isolated compounds demonstrated their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, confirming the claimed traditional use of the herb as a liver protectant.

scholarly journals SOME IMMUNE FACTORS AND HORMONES DETERMINED IN FEMALE ALBINO RATS INDUCED WITH INFERTILITY AND ADMINISTERED WITH ANTHOCLIESTA VOGELII

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Oladimeji
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Clusters Of Differentiation ◽  
Automated Technique

Anthocleista vogelii Planch, phyto-constituents was evaluated and the plant leave extracts investigated on the claims of the traditional medicine practitioners of its usage as fertility enhancer in females. Ethanolic extract of Anthocleista vogelii were administered orally for 14 days to female albino rats placed in different groups. First, temporary infertility was induced with Micronor (norethisterone) or Nacetylcysteine (NAC) given orally to some rats, for seven (7) days prior to other treatment. The rats were sacrificed after the completion of extract administration. The absolute counts of clusters of differentiation CD4+ and CD8+ was performed on the blood samples using the Becton Dickinson’s (BD) FACS Count Automated technique. Hormonal analysis was performed on sera obtained from the experimental animals using commercial standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The extract was found to possess Anthraquinones, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Alkaloids, Phenols and Phytosterols . The obtained results of the test group compared with control showed a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) in CD4+ and CD8+ counts cells and Prolactin, testosterone respectively. The results showed a significant increase of estradiol, leutinizing hormone, in the female rats in the control group compared to extract treated group. The result also suggested that Anthocleista vogelii may have a role in creating the environment required for enhancing pregnancy by decreasing ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ linked Th1 andTh2 cytokines production activation. Estradiol, luetinising hormone, concentration therefore support the claims on the traditional use of Anthocliesta vogelii that it enhance fertility in female.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING FOR POLYHERBAL COMBINATIONS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA AND EMBELIA RIBES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Richa Srivastava ◽  
Sajal Srivastava ◽  
Satya Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract

Objective: In the present study, aqueous ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera and Embelia ribes was evaluated for the acute and subacute toxicity in combination. Despite the wide use of in folk medicine, no study has been published in the scientific literature about their in combination toxicological profile. In the acute toxicity test, oral administration of 2 g/kg of combination produced neither mortality nor changes in behavior or any other physiological activities in mice.Methods: The animals were observed for toxic symptoms continuously for the first 4 h after dosing. Finally, the number of survivors was noted after 24 h, and these animals were then maintained for a further 13 days with observations made daily.Result: In subacute toxicity studies, no mortality was observed when the two doses of 1 or 2 g/kg day of 50% aqueous ethanolic extract in combination were administered for 28 days in mice. Hematological analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters examined in either the control or treated group of both sexes. The urinalysis was negative for glucose, ketogenic bodies, casts, red blood cells, and albumin in the control and treatment groups. There were no significant differences in the body and organ weights between control and treated animals of both sexes.Conclusion: The combination was found safe in acute and subacute toxicities while chronic toxicity studies are further required for the support of the safe and sound use of this traditional plants.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological and Safety Evaluations of Halophytic Plant, Salsola cyclophylla

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Hamdoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen S. Al-Omar ◽  
Salman A. A. Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad H. Alhowail ◽  
Hussein M. Eldeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Halophytic Plant ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Salsola cyclophylla, an edible halophyte, is traditionally used for inflammation and pain. To confirm the claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, a detailed study on respective pharmacological actions was undertaken. The activities are contemplated to arise from its phytoconstituents. The LC-MS analysis of S. cyclophylla 95% aqueous-ethanolic extract revealed the presence of 52 compounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, and aliphatics class. A high concentration of Mn, Fe, and Zn was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest flavonoid contents (5.94 ± 0.04 mg/g, Quercetin Equivalents) and Fe2+-chelation (52%) potential with DPPH radicals-quenching IC50 at 1.35 ± 0.16 mg/mL, while the aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited maximum phenolics contents (136.08 ± 0.12 mg/g, gallic acid equivalents) with DPPH scavenging potential at IC50 0.615 ± 0.06 mg/mL. Aqueous ethanolic extract and standard quercetin DPPH radicals scavenging’s were equal potent at 10 mg/mL concentrations. The aqueous ethanolic extract showed highest analgesic effect with pain reduction rates 89.86% (p = 0.03), 87.50% (p < 0.01), and 99.66% (p = 0.0004) after 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, aqueous ethanolic extract exhibited the highest anti-inflammation capacity at 41.07% (p < 0.0001), 34.51% (p < 0.0001), and 24.82% (p < 0.0001) after 2, 3, and 6 h of extract’s administration, respectively. The phytochemical constituents, significant anti-oxidant potential, remarkable analgesic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities of extracts supported the traditionally claimed anti-inflammatory and analgesic plant activities.

scholarly journals INSIGHTS INTO THE ROLE OF MORUS ALBA IN REVERSING OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDER IN RATS

2016 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Hanaa H. Ahmed ◽  
Fatehya M Metwally ◽  
Hend Rashad ◽  
Asmaa M Zaazaa
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: The goal of the present study was to examine the viability of Morus alba (M. alba) ethanolic extract in repression of obesity-associated<br />hepatic steatosis and related metabolic disorder; dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glycemic status.<br />Methods: Adult female albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, eight rats each as follows: Group (1) control group received standard<br />rodent diet for 24 weeks. The other three groups administered high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and served as obese group, M. alba-treated group,<br />and simvastatin-treated group.<br />Results: The current results showed an increment in thoracic circumference (TCX) and abdominal circumferences (AC) as well as body mass index<br />(BMI) in obese group. In addition, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance have been elucidated in obese group.<br />Moreover, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin<br />values were significantly increased in obese groups versus control group. On the other hand, administration of ethanolic extract of Morus alba or<br />simvastatin could significantly lessen BMI and in addition to improve dyslipidemia in obese group. Glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance value<br />in serum samples demonstrated a significant reduction in obese group upon treatment with M. alba ethanolic extract or simvastatin. Furthermore,<br />noticeable depletion in hepatic MDA, NO contents, serum ALT, AST activities, and serum bilirubin level was recorded as a result of treatment with<br />either ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin. Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed ballooning degeneration in the hepatocytes<br />(hepatic steatosis) associated with inflammatory cells penetration in portal zone in obese group. Meanwhile, the treatment of obese groups with<br />ethanolic extract of M. alba or simvastatin was found to restore the structural organization of the liver.<br />Conclusion: The present findings provide a novel aspect for understanding of the role of M. alba against obesity-associated liver diseases and related<br />metabolic disorder. The mechanisms underlying these effects seem to depend on the hypolipidemic potential, anti-inflammatory property, and<br />antioxidant activity of its phytochemicals.<br />Keywords: Obesity, Morus alba, Dyslipidemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia, Hepatic steatosis.</p>

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract ofTabernaemontana divaricata(L.) R. Br. against DEN and Fe NTA Induced Liver Necrosis in Wistar Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Poornima ◽  
Palanisamy Chella Perumal ◽  
Velliyur Kanniappan Gopalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tabernaemontana Divaricata ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study is an attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity ofTabernaemontana divaricataagainst DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis in rats. Ethanolic extract of the whole plant ofTabernaemontana divaricataat doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight and 5-fluorouracil (standard drug) was orally administered to male Wistar Albino rats once daily for 24 weeks, simultaneously treated with the carcinogen DEN and Fe NTA. In simultaneously treated animals, the plant extract significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP in serum and increased the levels of liver marker enzymes in liver. Treatment with the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants accompanied by a marked reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde when compared to DEN and Fe NTA treated group. When compared with 200 mg/kg bw rats, 400 mg/kg bw rats and 5-fluorouracil treated rats showed better results in all the parameters. The histopathological studies confirmed the protective effects of extract against DEN and Fe NTA induced liver necrosis. Thus, it could be concluded that the use ofTabernaemontana divaricataextract in the treatment of carcinogen induced hepatic necrosis.

WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF MOMORDICA CHARANTIA LINN. IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
M.P Singh ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Sarangdevot ◽  
S.S. Sisodia
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Healing Property ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of wound healing activity of the whole plant of Momordica charantia Linn. in rats. The effect of aqueous ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia Linn. (Family; Cucurbetaceae) was evaluated on resutured incision, granuloma pouch and excision wound models in rats. The wound healing activity was measured by the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, weight of the granulation tissue, and collagen content. The concentrated ethyl alcohol extract was subject to fractionation by using petroleum ether (40-60o V/V), solvent ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, butanone, ethanol and methanol in succession. All the fractions were screened for wound healing property. The results of pharmacological activity led to the conclusion that the petroleum ether fraction exhibited more significant wound healing promotion property followed by solvent ether and butanone, from all the parameters studied. Ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol fractions were least effective.

scholarly journals Motilitas Ascaridia galli Dewasa dalam Larutan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Palem Putri (Veitchia merrillii)

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ummu Balqis ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi ◽  
Maryam Maryam ◽  
Muslina Muslina ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui motilitas Ascaridia galli dewasa dalam ekstrak etanol biji Veitchia merrillii. Ekstrak etanol V. merrillii dianalisis fitokimia. Sebanyak 16 ekor cacing A. galli dewasa dibagi kedalam empat kelompok. Cacing pada kelompok pertama adalah kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Cacing pada kelompok kedua diberi 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. Cacing pada masing-masing kelompok ketiga dan keempat diberi 50 dan 100 mg/ml crude ekstrak biji V. merrillii. Motilitas A. galli ditentukan dalam skor persentase setelah 12, 24, 36 jam dengan menggunakan kriteria: 3 (badan bergerak), 2 (hanya sebagian badan bergerak), 1 (tidak bergerak tetapi masih hidup), 0 (mati). Hasil fitokimia V. merrillii mengandung alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids. Ekstrak biji V. merrillii dosis 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dapat mempersingkat selama 12 jam waktu motilitas cacing A. galli dewasa. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan potensi anthelmintik berbasis herbal untuk pengendalian A. galli.  (Motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in vitro in ethanolic extracts of Nuts Veitchia merrillii) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to know the motility of Ascaridia galli adult worms in aqueous ethanolic extracts of nuts Veitchia merrillii. The ethanolic extract of the V. merrillii was analyzed. Amount of sixteen head A. galli adult worms were divided into four groups. The first group, worms were left as un-treated normal controls. The second group, worms were treated with concentrations of 0,6 mg/ml levamisole. The third and fourth group, worms were treated with crude aqueous ethanolic extract of 50 and 100 mg/ml concentrations nuts of the V. merrillii, respectively. Motility of A. galli were determined after 12, 24, 36 hour by mean of persentage scored using the following criteria: 3 (moving whole body), 2 (moving only parts of the body), 1 (immobile but alive), and 0 (died). The result of phytochemical V. merrillii contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. V. merrillii nuts extract concentrations of 100 mg/ml in vitro can shorten the time motility A. galli adult worms for 12 hours. The study indicated the potential for developing herbal-based anthelmintics to control A. galli.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Bambusa vulgaris Var. vulgaris Leaf and its Toxicity Studies in Male Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
GO Alade ◽  
KK Ajibesin ◽  
OR Omobuwajo
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Low Toxicity

The study evaluated the pharmacognostic characters and toxicity of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaf in male wistar rats. The microscopy of the leaf revealed diagnostic characters such as anomocytic stomata, sinuous epidermal cells, numerous prisms of calcium oxalate crystals and covering trichomes. Histopathological examination revealed no significant adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys and the spleens after fourteen days oral administration of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. Haematological evaluation however revealed a significant 31% reduction (p<0.05) in packed cell volume and a significant 31% increase (p<0.05) in white blood cell count at 500 mg/kg. The results suggest that administration of B. vulgaris extract may possess low toxicity when used.Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris, Toxicity, Microscopy, Standardization, Histology

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