National Movements with and without Religion: The Nation and Religion in a Historical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982097897
Author(s):  
Miroslav Hroch
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Nation Formation ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Nation States ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Point Of Departure

In order to understand the role of religion in the formation of European nations, we need to differentiate the terms we are using when we analyse their relationship. In the case of nation formation, my point of departure is to distinguish two basic types of process: the case of nation-states, i. e. nations with “their own” state and high culture since the Middle Ages, and the case of “smaller nations”, which emerged through national movements, where the ethnic communities tried to achieve all attributes of a fully formed nation. My reflections focus on the second type of nation formation. Speaking about the “religion”, we have to distinguish the role of the Church as an institution, the participation (or not participation) of the clergy, the degree of integration of the religious teaching into the national programme, and finally the presence of religious arguments in the everyday national thought of small nations. There existed no general model of interaction of these four factors in the study of smaller nations.

History Through the Prism of V.V. Rozanov’s Views and Myth-Creating

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Galina V. Talina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Static Image ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Public Person

The article analyzes V.V. Rozanov’s conceptions of antiquity, Middle Ages and new history. Rozanov singles out three periods of Russian history – Kiev, Vladimir-Moscow and Petersburg ones. The essence of each of those periods the philosopher consecutively correlates with adoption of Christianity, political organization formation and the beginning of individual creative work dominance. While interpreting his contemporary events as a public person and a journalist, Rozanov regards earlier epochs from the position of a myth-creator. The diverse historical process gives way to the literary and static image of the epoch. The author of the article pays special attention to how Rozanov characterizes historical personalities, to his views on the role of religion, state, bureaucracy and parliamentarism.

Reverberations of the Armenian Genocide

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Azarian-Ceccato
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Armenian Genocide ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Central California ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diasporic Community ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Point Of Departure

Narrative research has not traditionally examined the intergenerational transmission and reverberation of narratives within ethnic communities, and yet it is through the chain of generations that voices of the past reverberate and testimonies endure which fuel and form present day notions of the past. This article is a call for and an example of the importance ethnographic investigation into communities of memories, for it is through community storytelling that records are set straight as a memorial for victims and survivors. This line of inquiry is pertinent to various communities throughout the world, as we come to see the role of language, and in particular, narrative in the formation of ideas and conflicts, as scholars such as Slyomovics, (1998) have pointed out. This research takes as its point of departure narrative renditions of the Armenian genocide recounted in both public and private venues by the great-grandchildren of genocide survivors in an ethnic enclave in Central California. In this diasporic community we see how communities of memory are formed in a space of mediation which links the new generation with the old, the present with its past as well as with its imagined communities (Anderson, 1983). Through examination of the linguistic reverberations of this historical and familial narrative, I ask what becomes of authorship when collected stories are salient enough to be included in one’s own personal history, and how these narrativizations contribute to one’s sense of self? These questions are answered both by linguistic analysis of pronouns and deixis, as well as through analysis of prevalent themes. The results of this research lend into the historical progression of memory through time by those who did not experience the trauma, but rather were witnesses by listening to the trauma of others.

scholarly journals The Religious Teaching and Women’s Sexuality Construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Z. Ghorashi ◽  
◽  
E. Merghati Khoe ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sexual Practice ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
Role Of Religion

Objective: In Iran, sexual understandings are strongly determined by religious teaching among women in particular. The aim of this study was to determine the role of religion on Iranian women’s sexual practice evolution. our purpose was to detect women’s individual conceptualization of Islamic Shiite principles and their practice upon these conceptualizations. Design and Method: In this qualitative study, 52 married women in their reproductive age were interviewed (n=4) and participated in eight focus group discussions. They were selected from public health centers in Rafsanjan. Emerged data from the interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Findings are categorized in three major themes: “unconditional obedience”, ”inconsistency between obedience and virtue”, “misunderstandings”. Conclusions: Religious teaching has a basic and comprehensive role in sexual behavior construction and sexual health of women. However, occasional inconsistency between believes, learning and sexual expectations, practices and situations would lead to jeopardize the psychological and somatic health of women. Misunderstandings have essential role in making such problems.

Religion, Nationalism, and the Politics of Secularism

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Scott Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Religion And Nationalism ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religion In Public Life ◽  
Point Of Departure

This chapter examines the relationship between religion, nationalism, and the state and advocates a truly neutral conception of secularism. The point of departure is an analysis of the recurring debate over the proper role of religion in public life. Particular attention is given to the relationship between religion and nationalism, the secularization thesis, and the reasons religion remains an important part of modern politics. The chapter then turns toward the “politics of secularism,” and the tension between liberal (or ecumenical) secularism in theory and its practice. At issue is whether the secular tradition is invariably exclusive, or whether secularism as implemented has simply failed to live up to its ecumenical promise. The closing section examines this question in light of the justpeace tradition, and offers an endorsement for a re-conceptualized vision of secularism that is genuinely defined by neutrality in matters of religion and belief.

Review Article: God and Globalization

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
J. Jayakiran Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Christian Mission ◽  
The Public ◽  
China And India ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Face ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Role Of Religion

AbstractThe fourth and final volume in Max Stackhouse series on 'God and Globalization' invites to consider more deeply the realities of globalization. In particular, questions of imperialism and post-colonialism are related to questions concerning the place given to religion and faith by nation-states. China and India, while both experiencing rapidly changing economies, have diverse approaches to the role of religion in the public sphere. Globalization forces 'the west' to engage with the differing economic and religious circumstances of 'the east', and to reconsider the appropriateness of Christian mission in the face of the plurality of faiths and their competing truth claims.

Religious Minority as a Source of National and State Identity: The Case of Slovakia

2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982110133
Author(s):  
Miroslav Tížik
Keyword(s):  
Religious Minority ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Slovak Population ◽  
National Movement ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Role Of Religion

In Central Europe, the role of religion in the creation of modern states has had many guises. In some predominantly Catholic countries, religious minorities have been an important source for national movements that sought emancipation from dominant political rule, which was often connected with the dominant (Catholic) religion. The article is focused on the case of Slovakia, where Lutherans, in spite of making up only a small proportion of the Slovak population, have been one of the two fundamental sources of the national movement for the last two centuries. It shows how the contemporary character of the state, society, and national identity and its relation to religion is influenced by the bi-confessionalism (dualism) of the Slovak national movement that was initiated by Slovak Lutherans in the eighteenth century. Although the Lutheran religious minority has been disappearing since 1990, the article shows how its heritage is still present in the character of contemporary institutions of national tradition and identity.

Islam: the test of globalization

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelmajid Char
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
Condition Of Women ◽  
Western Hegemony ◽  
The Impact

Globalization has consequences for the religious sphere, but it does not constitute a break with the previous situation. It constitutes rather an acceleration of a process begun with the birth of nation-states. The impact of the values of modernity is general, since even those in power, whatever their tendency, invoke values of democracy, progress, freedom and justice, whereas submission is what was required of subjects. Nevertheless, people today look to religion for fixed reference points, because of the brutal transition from the Middle Ages to the 20th and 21st centuries, and because modernity is not a endogenous phenomenon. Islam then is playing the role of bulwark against western hegemony. It is also instrumentalized both by the powers that be and by the oppositions, all of whom give themselves over to displays of one-upmanship over fidelity to Islam. Does Islam then maintain its relevance in the context of globalization? The fact is that the bases on which social relations are now founded no longer permit discrimination on the ground of sex or religion, and that there is a loosening of the grip of traditional ritualism and that more and more Muslims are looking for an understanding of the faith that is freed from old-fashioned dogmas. These new givens are being demonstrated particularly when it comes to the exercise of power and the condition of women. As a result, traditional conceptions are destined to evolve, particularly concerning the status of the Koran, the growing awareness of the historical process that made the Koran into a juridical code, the archetype that has been stuck to the person of the Prophet, and the alienation that consists in the sacralization of every human act.

Monastic Education in Contemporary Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borchert
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Educational Stakeholders ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Monastic Education ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
And Training

Education is a central component of Buddhism and has been since the start of the religion. The forms of Buddhist education are diverse, including the education and training of monastics and laypeople, men, women, and children from early ages through university and continuing and adult education. The training of monastics is simply one, albeit, important subset of wider systems and practices of Buddhist education. Monastic education exists in multiple forms, including those associated with apprentice or situated forms of learning, and curricular forms in schools, primarily secondary and postsecondary institutions. Contemporary forms of monastic education are entangled with and shaped by discourses and practices of modernization, dynamics of gender in Buddhist societies, and debates about the role of religion within given societies across Asia. These debates become visible in attending to the goals of education, the multiple motivations of monastics for their education, as well as those of other educational stakeholders. Although it may be tempting to see monastic education as a distinct phenomenon, it should be viewed within a wider pedagogical ecosystem within the nation-states of Asia.

scholarly journals Religion, theology and the social sciences in a society in transition

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
The Social ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Point Of Departure

The societal changes introduced with the advent of the new political dispensation in South Africa in 1994 brought with them serious consequences for the different religions and for the academic disciplines devoted to the study of religion. This includes disciplines such as theology and religious studies, as well as those social sciences with an academic interest in religion as influential societal factor. The second part of the article presents a brief survey of the impact of these societal changes on religion, particularly the Christian religion, and the academic disciplines of theology, religious studies and the social sciences. An outline of the position and role of religion and the academic disciplines of theology, religious studies and the social sciences in the apartheid society from which South Africa is evolving, is used as point of departure in the first part of the article. The third part of the article ventures beyond mere description of the position and role of religion and the different academic disciplines involved with the study of religion. It aims to make out a case that in the New South Africa religion and academic disciplines exclusively devoted to the study of religion, such as theology, need the social sciences.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RELIGION AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Endy Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
Mass Organization ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
Role Of Religion

Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana agama dan teknologi pertanian dapat memberdayakan masyarakat dan mendorong sebuah transformasi sosial. Survei dan wawancara diterapkan guna mendapatkan data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian. Objek penelitian ini adalah komunitas petani di Banjarnegara yang tergabung dalam organisasi petani yang difasilitasi oleh organisasi massa islam Muhammadiyah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agama, dalam hal ini ajaran agama yang dipegang erat oleh organisasi massa Islam (Muhammadiyah) dapat meningkatkan kondisi ekonomi sebuah komunitas petani di Banjarnegara. Muhammadiyah memfasilitasi komunitas petani tersebut untuk menerapkan teknologi pertanian yang tepat sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil panen secara signifikan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa agama dan teknologi pertanian memainkan peranan penting dalam memberdayakan masyarakat dan membawa transformasi sosial bagi komunitas petani di Banjarnegara. The objective of this study is to reveal how religion and agricultural technology can empower a peasant community and foster a social transformation. Survey and interview were implemented to gain the data. The object of the study was a community of peasants in Banjarnegara district that belong to a peasant organization facilitated by Muhammadiyah. The results show that religion, in this case is religious teaching tightly-hold by an Islamic mass organization (Muhammadiyah), can improve the economic condition of a community of peasants in Banjarnegara. Muhammadiyah facilitated the peasants community to apply a proper agricultural technology which can improve the crops significantly.  The study conclude that religion and agricultural technology play a great role in empowering society and bring about social transformation for peasants community in Banjarnegara.

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