Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Yu ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Female Officers

Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing literature on police organizations describes an unmistakable culture that celebrates masculine values and a social structure that exists purposely and specifically to repress female officers. Using a survey data set of 1,114 female federal law enforcement officers, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine perceived inclusion and its effects on women experiencing disrespect by male colleagues and incidences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. In addition, reporting behavior is captured for female officers who experience wrongful conduct. The study finds that women who report working in an inclusive organizational culture are less likely to experience pervasive negative attitudes from their male colleagues or occurrences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. However, the existence of an inclusive organizational culture did not show a significant difference in reporting sexual harassment or sexual discrimination if women experienced such wrongful behavior.

Women and Public Organization: An Examination of Mentorship and Its Effect on Reporting Workplace Discrimination

2019 ◽  
pp. 0734371X1988057
Author(s):  
Helen H. Yu ◽  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Officers

A number of studies have focused on mentorship as a variable often associated with career advancement; however, there is little to no research on the impact mentors have with women reporting workplace discrimination, specifically sex-based discrimination to include sexual harassment. Using a survey dataset of 1,113 female officers from a large federal law enforcement agency, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine mentorship and to include mentor’s gender and its effect on women’s reporting behaviors. This study finds that the probability of reporting sexual harassment increases when women have mentors; however, the existence of mentors did not lead to a significant difference in reporting sex discrimination. In addition, there is no significance on the mentor’s gender with women’s reporting behaviors.

Breaking the code of silence: who are the women reporting sex-based discrimination in federal regulatory agencies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-589
Author(s):  
David Lee ◽  
Helen H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Federal Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
Reporting Behaviors ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis study examines women's reporting behaviors in US federal law enforcement and provides an exploratory analysis of individual and occupational variables to describe the women who respond assertively to reporting unlawful workplace behaviors.Design/methodology/approachSurvey responses are collected from sworn female officers employed by two US federal law enforcement agencies who responded “yes” to having experienced sexual harassment (n = 368) and/or sexual discrimination (n = 410) in the workplace.FindingsThe findings suggest that individual characteristics such as age, as well as occupational variables such as grade level and tenure duration, significantly impact assertive reporting behaviors for sex-based discrimination.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample represents those respondents from only two organizations, limiting the sampling frame and generalizability.Practical implicationsWhile these findings are not promising for junior women working in law enforcement, they have important practical implications for agency decision-makers who want to eliminate or reduce unlawful behavior in the workplace.Originality/valueMost of the literature on reporting sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment, has focused on why women do not report unlawful behaviors in the workplace, while a limited number of scholars have identified who will respond more assertively when encountering such discriminatory behavior. This article builds on the latter by examining additional occupational and individual variables to the discussion.

scholarly journals Downscaling Rainfall in Benin: A Deltaic City of the Niger Delta Region, under two Emission Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
M. B. T. Kpang ◽  
M. O. Nwagbara
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Flood Effects

This study endeavored to downscale rainfall in Benin City so as to reveal what pathway would be more tolerable in the metropolis both now and in the future, putting the current effect of rainfall in the area in mind. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted and data for rainfall (1985-2015) was collected from the archive of the Nigerian meteorological agency (NIMET). While data of large scale predictors were collected from the HadCM3 data achieve. Calibration period was from 1985 to 2001, while validation was 2001 to 2015. Analysis of variance was used to trace if there was a significant difference in the temporal rainfall characteristics for A2 and B2 emission scenarios. However the study found that the predictors that explain rainfall patterns in the area were Shum, Rhum, R850 and R500; and during calibration it was found that rainfall significantly depended on these predictors at P<0.05. However, during validation, statistics show that the models performed considerably well in which case the modeled data related well with the observed data for all seasons of the year i.e. DJF season r-0.92 (r2-0.85; RMSE 0.31; RSD, 0.89) at P<0.05; MAM r-0.81 (r2-0.66; RMSE 0.41; RSD, 0.91) at P<0.05; JJA r-0.76 (r2-0.58; RMSE 0.31; RSD, 0.97) at P<0.05; SON r-0.82 (r2-0.67; RMSE 0.26; RSD, 0.82) at P<0.05. However there are some uncertainties in the data set for which caution must be taken while relying on the out puts of the model of the current study. As a result, the study recommends the use of clean technology, and a development of flood risk preparedness to deal with flood effects as a result increasing amounts of rainfall in the metropolis amongst others.

scholarly journals Effects of Emotion-focused Therapy and Existential Group Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the Victims of Child Sexual Harassment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Behrad Zadafshar ◽  
◽  
Tayebeh Sharifi ◽  
Reza Ahmadi ◽  
Maryam Chorami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Emotion Focused Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Background: Traumatic childhood experiences, especially sexual harassment, are among the main factors causing anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Emotion-focused Therapy (EFT) and Existential Group Therapy (EGT) on depression, anxiety, and stress in the victims of child sexual harassment. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test and a control group design. The research population consisted of all men and women with a history of child sexual harassment referring to the counseling and psychological service centers of Isfahan City, Iran. In total, 45 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental groups and a control group (n=15/group). The experimental groups received EFT or EGT (eight 90-minute sessions), Accordingly, the obtained results were compared with the control group immediately after the intervention and 3 months later. The required data were collected by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) and analyzed by repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS. Results: The current research results revealed that EGT effectively reduced depression symptoms (P<0.01); however, EFT did not significantly affect depression symptoms. Both interventions reduced anxiety symptoms in the study subjects (P<0.01). Furthermore, EFT was more effective than EGT in reducing stress symptoms (P<0.01). There was a significant difference between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages as well as the time*group interaction in the mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the present study findings, psychotherapists and psychiatric nurses are recommended to apply these interventions for controlling depression, stress, and anxiety among the victims of child sexual harassment.

Stick Figure and Think, Talk And Write: Integrating Media With Teaching Strategy For A Better Writing Competence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Eva Sudarwati ◽  
Shynta Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Stick Figure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Writing Competence

Abstract This study attempts to see the effect of Think, Talk, and Write strategy on the students’ narrative writing competence. Considering the importance of the use of teaching media, this study tries to integrate Stick Figure as a teaching media in Think, Talk, and Write Strategy. A quasi experimental study was conducted to see the improvement of the students’ narrative writing competence. It involved 42 students who were selected on the basis of convenience sampling and assigned into two groups; experimental and control groups. The statistical analyses of paired sample t-test in experimental group showed that there was significant improvement on the students’ writing competence before (M=5.77, SD= 2.342) and after (M= 11.79, SD= 2.342), t(21)=12.059, p<0.05.Moreover, the result of independent t-test between experimental and control groups showed a significant difference. It can be seen that the mean differences was 3.79545 and the significance value is lower than 0.05, 0.000<0.05.

EFEKTIVITAS STRATEGI CLOZE STORY MAPPING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS V DI SD 2 PADOKAN KASIHAN BANTUL

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuri Danuri ◽  
Dwendha Lahitani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Story Mapping ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Class Average

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CSM strategies on comprehension reading skills in classes V Padokan 2 Elementary School. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. In this study the subjects of the study were VA class students as the control class and V C as the experimental class with 28 VA and VC class students. Quantitative data analysis technique used is the calculation of independent sample t-test. Based on data analysis and discussion, researchers can conclude that CSM strategies are more effective than conventional methods of reading comprehension learning. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class as evidenced by the results of the independent sample t-test obtained by the value of Asymp. Sig (2-Tailed) 0.014 <0.05. CSM strategy is an effective learning strategy seen from the average value of the experimental class posstest which is 81.61 higher than the control class average value of 72.96.

Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Swallowing Process in Stroke Patient with Neurogenic Dysphagia

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Ruth Ariyani ◽  
Widjajalaksmi ◽  
Luh K Wahyuni ◽  
Susyana Tamin ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neurogenic Dysphagia ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Voluntary Cough ◽  
Pharyngeal Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: The aim of this study to determine the therapeutic effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on pharyngeal phase of swallowing for stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia,and to see the effect of NMES in reducing the incidence of standing secretion, residue, penetration and aspiration.Methods: It is a quasi-­experimental study design. 10 stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, Jakarta, 40-­80 years old with hemodynamically stable, cooperative and will be get NMES therapy for 4 weeks. Pre and Post treatment assessment caompared using a modified MASA test (The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability) and FEES examination (Flexible Endoscophic Evaluation of Swallowing). Analysis of change scores using Wilcoxon test.Results:The obtain average age of patients 59.80+9.705 years. Significant difference seen in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing increased score of gag reflex, velum elevation, cough reflex, voluntary cough, voice quality, pharynx response, pharyngeal constrictor contraction and vocal cord adduction (p<0.005).Also seen significant reduction in the incidence of standing secretion, residue and penetration (p<0.005), but not significantly in the incidence of aspiration (p=0083).Conclusions: NMES increased the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, reduced the incidence of standing secretion, residue and penetration of stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia, but have not able to reduced aspiration.Keywords :Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NEMS), neurogenic dysphagia, MASA test (The Mann Assessment of Swallow ing Ability), FEES examination (Flexible Endoscophic Evaluation of Swallowing), swallowing process.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dan Gaya Kognitif Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa di Kelas VII MTSN 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sartika Sepriyani ◽  
Rayandra Asyhar ◽  
Asrial Asrial
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The ability to solve problems is a skill that students need to have in dealing with various problems in life. This study aims to determine the effect of problem based learning models; cognitive styles and interaction between both factors on science learning outcomes of students in class VII of MTs 2 Tanjung Jabung Timur in academic year 2015/2016. This research was conducted with a quasi-experimental research method by applying a 2 × 2 factorial design. The study sample consisted of an experimental class of 30 students and a control class of 29 students. Data collection was conducted using two types of instruments, namely the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) to measure students cognitive styles and students' learning outcomes test in essay forms. The Problem Based Learning model affect the learning outcomes, there is significant difference in science learning outcomes between students who have Cognitive field dependent (FD) style that is taught by the Problem Based Learning model and students who have Cognitive FD style that is taught by conventional learning models. The results show that the value of the experimental class post-test is higher than that of the control class. In short, the experimental class with the application of the Problem Based Learning model in the learning process provides higher learning outcomes than that of the conventional models.

scholarly journals Ownership Variation in Violated Regulations and National Care Standards: Evidence From Social Care Providers

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110014
Author(s):  
Anders M. Bach-Mortensen ◽  
Ani Movsisyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Gap

Social care services are increasingly provisioned in quasi-markets in which for-profit, public, and third sector providers compete for contracts. Existing research has investigated the implications of this development by analyzing ownership variation in latent outcomes such as quality, but little is known about whether ownership predicts variation in more concrete outcomes, such as violation types. To address this research gap, we coded publicly available inspection reports of social care providers regulated by the Care Inspectorate in Scotland and created a novel data set enabling analysis of ownership variation in violations of (a) regulations, and (b) national care standards over an entire inspection year ( n = 4,178). Using negative binomial and logistic regression models, we find that for-profit providers are more likely to violate non-enforceable outcomes (national care standards) relative to other ownership types. We did not identify a statistically significant difference between for-profit and third sector providers with regard to enforceable outcomes (regulations).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a breastfeeding program for mothers returning to work in Japan: a quasi-experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Nakada
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Continuation Rate ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
Continuation Rates

Abstract Background Maternal employment has been described as a barrier to breastfeeding in many countries. In Japan, many mothers quit breastfeeding after returning to work because they do not know how to continue breastfeeding. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a breastfeeding support program for mothers. The secondary objective was to explore the effectiveness of a pamphlet for mothers returning to work. Methods This was a quasi-experimental design study with a program group (n = 48), pamphlet group (n = 46) and comparison group (n = 47) that took place from February 2017 to August 2018. Participants in the program and pamphlet groups were women who planned to return to work within 4–12 months after giving birth, while the comparison group included women who had been back at work for at least 3 months. The program involved a 90-min breastfeeding class, a pamphlet, a newsletter, and email consultation. The pamphlet group was sent only the pamphlet, while the comparison group received no intervention. The outcome was breastfeeding continuation rate at 3 months after returning to work. Results The breastfeeding continuation rate 3 months after returning to work was significantly higher in the program group than in the comparison group (79.2% vs. 51.1%, p = 0.004). After adjusting for background factors, the program intervention had an effect on breastfeeding rates (adjusted odds ratio = 4.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.57, 13.96; p = 0.006). However, comparing the pamphlet and comparison groups revealed no significant differences in breastfeeding continuation rates at 3 months after returning to work (69.6% vs. 51.1%, p = 0.07). Conclusions Program intervention was associated with a significant increase in breastfeeding continuation rates 3 months after returning to work. Randomized controlled trials are needed to make this program applicable in practice. Pamphlet intervention resulted in no significant difference. Further study is necessary after examining the contents of the pamphlet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document