The Interconnection among Science, Industry, State, and Society in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-443
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Nikolaevna Perepechko ◽  
Galina Yakovlevna Belyakova
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
Current Transition

The article analyzes the interconnection among science, industry, state, and society in Russia and the world. It also deals with the common characteristics and peculiarities of the Russian economy in transition. The authors focus on the transition from a linear to nonlinear model of the innovation process and the role of this transition in the technological progress of particular countries. The paradox in Russia is caused by an inherited linear model of the innovation process from the USSR. The transition to a nonlinear model is being carried out, but slowly and it is not yet generalized. The Russian innovation and legal spheres require comprehensive reforms, and the government needs to become the driving force for these changes in order for Russia to achieve the postindustrial stage of development. Understanding the peculiarities of the national innovation system (NIS) in Russia during the current transition period sheds light on how the Russian paradox can be overcome.

scholarly journals Development and formation of Denmark innovation system: statistical overview

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
I.S. Balanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
World Intellectual Property Organization ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic

The author continues a series of research on the history, features and key moments of the emergence of innovative systems in Scandinavian countries. Scientific-innovative ecosystems have already been analyzed in such countries of Northern Europe as Sweden, Finland, Iceland. The next step is to familiarize you with the peculiarities of innovation in Denmark. Since Denmark is in the northern part of Europe, part of the Scandinavian countries, it is natural that the development of the Danish political, economic and social systems was in close connection with the evolution of the same systems in other states of the region. The same can be said about the development of the scientific component of the Danish statehood. And although Denmark has a number of its own, not similar features – natural resources, population composition, relief, etc. – the formation of the innovation system in it was entirely under the so-called “Scandinavian” scenario, that is moderately, consistently and evenly. In the course of studying this topic, the author tried to use already existing at present scientific work of foreign and domestic scientists. Unfortunately, with a large number of studies of innovative systems in Europe and its north, analytical reviews of the Danish subjects are practically absent. Therefore, the author widely used the statistical data and scientific reviews of the official sites of the European Union, the World Intellectual Property Organization, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, etc. The informative reports and analytical publications edited by these organizations have greatly contributed to a deeper analysis of the process of becoming, and especially the current state of the Danish innovation system, comparing it with other countries in the region and the world. In addition to the statistics, the study provides a brief historical background on the beginning of the country’s innovation – listed basic legal documents, analyzed the main components of the innovation system, called the leading “players” of the innovation process in Denmark. Concluding and looking for parallels for Ukraine, it became clear that at this stage of development, our states are very different from each other. The population, the territory, the minerals, and most importantly, the political, economic, social situation and, above all, the security picture are the main factors that make Ukraine and Denmark completely different from each other. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to provide practical recommendations for reforms in Ukraine under the “Danish” scenario. However, for today in Ukraine, we have a transition period, when a complete change of the state course in all directions is possible. Therefore, the author still hopes for at least a partial embodiment of the “Danish” (or “Scandinavian”) scenario in the development of the innovation system in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Partnerstwo dla Modernizacji w stosunkach niemiecko-rosyjskich

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-107
Author(s):  
Bogdan Koszel
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
The Government ◽  
European Partner

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia has become Germany’s main Central European partner. The economic interests and hopes of gigantic contracts to modernize the Russian economy have played a colossal role in German policy. The Government of Chancellor Angela Merkel aspired to shape the Eastern policy of the European Union, and it was highly favorable towards the strategy of Russian modernization to be implemented with the participation of Western partners, as proposed by President Medvedev in 2009. However, this project never went beyond the stage of preliminary agreements, and both sides are increasingly disappointed with its progress. Germany continues to aspire to play the role of the leading EU member state involved in the transformation process in Russia, yet this is no longer treated in terms of the ‘Russia first’ attitude without any reservations. Germans are becoming increasingly aware that their efforts are doomed to fail without true Russian efforts aimed at the democratization of both their public life and economic structures.

scholarly journals The Role of State Corporations in the Russian Economy (as in the Case of “Rosatom” and “Rostec” State Corporations)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Akmaljon S. Ergashev ◽  
Elena V. Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Short Period ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

The article is devoted to the study of the role of state corporations in the economy of the Russian Federation as in the case of Rosatom and Rostec. The authors analyze the existing concept of state corporation, Russian and foreign practices. The article presents the results of the research of economic features based on reports published on official website of Russian state corporation, as well as prospects of Russian state corporations are identified. At the present stage of development and operation of Russian state corporations, society increasingly sees their products, but it doesnt even suspect that these are domestic products that meet all international standards, which are also exported to many countries of the world. Products, goods and services are exported to North and South America, Europe, Central and South-East Asia, and Africa. In a relatively short period of existence and operation, Russian state corporations have increased their revenues and have made a significant contribution to the prosperity of countrys economy.

The study of personnel stimulation methods on the way to a new system of motivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Ju.V. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The article is devoted to the study of methods of motivation and stimulation of personnel to work in the conditions of modern dynamic changes in the global market. The author noted that in the current unstable conditions of functioning of domestic enterprises, the system for ensuring their development acquires such features as the need and reliability of effective work of personnel. Personnel management of enterprises is impossible without understanding the essence, content and role of the labor incentive process, which has led to the relevance of its study, that is, conducting a comprehensive study of the needs, motives and incentives of a person, clarifying the classification of these categories, which contributes to a proper understanding of the categorical apparatus and ensuring effective staff motivation and incentives. At this stage of development, the Russian economy is experiencing instability and inability to fully meet the needs of the population in the workplace. There is a staff turnover that adversely affects the quality of work of staff who understand the precariousness of their position and therefore do not have sufficient incentive to fully benefit the company for which they work. To ensure the effective use of all the professional and intellectual potential of the worker, it is necessary to find new or time-tested mechanisms to stimulate his work activity. In the course of the study, the author reviewed the theoretical foundations of the methods of motivating and stimulating labor highlighted the features of the functioning of the domestic labor market. The experience of foreign companies in relation to non-standard methods of motivation and stimulation was also studied, on the basis of which reasonable directions for the formation of a system of motivation and incentives for labor in Russia at the present stage of development of economic relations were proposed.

Knowledge Production and R&D

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Design Phase

Who produces scientific and technical knowledge these days? What type of knowledge is being produced, and for what purposes? This chapter studies the role of public policy in knowledge production (especially R&D activities) relevant for the innovation process from a perspective of innovation systems. It identifies four typical policy-related obstacles and barriers related to knowledge production in an innovation system. Next, it elaborates a set of overall criteria for the selection and design of relevant policy instruments addressing those unbalances. Most importantly, the chapter argues that in most countries innovation policy continues to be subsumed under research policy. An holistic and problem-oriented innovation policy requires that innovation policy and research policy are separated from each other in the design phase—but it must be ensured that they support each other when implemented (in the same way as many other policy areas have to be coordinated with each other).

Innovation System and Increasing Reformulation Practices in the Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sector of South India

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 236-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harilal Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
South India ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Incentive Structure ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The Government

This article emphasises the role of domestic knowledge capabilities and networks in shaping an incentive structure for innovation and research. I combine an analysis of in-house research activities by ayurvedic firms in South India with their inter-firm and inter-institutional relations in the establishment of a new innovation regime aiming to promote growth in the ayurvedic sector. The tensions typical of this competitive environment are discussed by paying attention to the absence of contingent regulatory practices and the recent efforts in this direction as illustrated by the use of the ‘Magical Remedies Act’ to curtail the claims of many firms in the market. The ayurvedic pharmaceutical company Oushadhi owned by the Government of Kerala as well as the private firmssnaOushadhasala Pvt. Ltd. and Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala Pvt. Ltd. (all from Thrissur district of Kerala) are analysed to delineate their research priorities and bottlenecks for innovations. The data of this ayurvedic sector is contrasted with the case of the Kani tribe and the ways in which their traditional knowledge has been reformulated into an industrial ayurvedic product. Through this exploration, the paper attempts to offer an economic explanation for increasing reformulation practices in Ayurveda.

scholarly journals Project and Program Management Under Conditions of Strategic Planning Modernization

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Natalya Pazdnikova ◽  
Ilya Pazdnikov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Program Management ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The modernization of strategic planning in the Russian economy is caused by the existing situation and problems of public administration in the conditions of the formation and implementation of projects initiated by the government. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate the need to deal with the issues connected with the emergence of a huge diversity of projects that will provide a clear understanding of the role of strategic mechanisms applied in the territories of the Russian Federation. For the solution of this goal, originally, the genesis of the formation of the national project and program management has been carried out. The contribution of the Soviet school to the development of the state project development as well as studies of the modern stage of strategic planning has been analyzed. The authors suggest a hypothesis that project and program management is a key component of the government policy. The effectiveness of project management can be studied by means of the methods of strategic management. The authors conduct the research on the basis of comparative analysis, normative and expert methods which allow estimating the characteristics of projects and programs on the basis of the portfolio ideology. In addition, the approach to the formation of the economic mechanism of the portfolio to the partnership of project participants and program management on the basis of the interaction of system elements have been proposed. The obtained results of the study of foreign and domestic experience allow us to suggest a classification of social projects and programs within the portfolio partnership of participants and to analyze the current statistics. The results of the study show an increase of quantitative and qualitative components of project and program management practice of strategic changes. The main results prove that over time the strategic change in project activity, contradictions are observed and inconsistencies in state requirements and practices are found that need effective decisions.

scholarly journals Sultan Sumbawa Political Communication Pattern in Managing the Government (Study of Sultan Kaharuddin III's Government)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Ofi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Islamic Values

The role of political communication in running a government is a way to achieve a goal. Political communication in Indonesia has existed since the time of the ancient Javanese kingdom. The study of political communication in Asia, especially in Indonesia, is still not too famous as in Western countries, the study of political correspondence that develops in Indonesia has more to do with modern governance based on the concept of Western political studies. In this study, researchers will examine what forms of social-political communication exist in Indonesia, especially in the former Sultanate. The government of Sultan Kaharuddin III, who led the Sultanate of Sumbawa, was chosen as the object of study this time. This research was conducted because during the reign of Sultan Sumbawa, when it used a government system that adopted Islamic values ​​and at that time also was a transition period for the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, then the Sultanate of Sumbawa only joined the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. This research will be examined using qualitative research methods. Researchers will look for how the form of political communication by Sultan Sumbawa using data collection techniques by observation, interviews with informants, and other supporting data collection. Researchers will interpret the phenomena that occur by using phenomenology. The results of this study describe the form of Sultan Sumbawa's political communication that uses the noble values ​​of social philosophy and is based on Islamic values ​​in running the government. The use of local arts and traditions has also become one of the political communication media used to achieve goals in the government system. So this is a distinguishing factor between the Sumbawa Sultanate and other Sultanates in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Peran Ombudsman RI Perwakilan Aceh Dalam Pengawasan Kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-370
Author(s):  
T. Fitra Yusriwan ◽  
Taqwaddin Taqwaddin ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Research Result ◽  
The State ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Government Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Law Regulation

Fungsi dan tugas Ombudsman harus dilaksanakan untuk menindaklanjuti perbuatan maladministrasi, yang perbuatannya merugikan negara dan masyarakat. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk membahas implementasi peran Ombudsman RI dalam pengawasan kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh dan mengetahui tentang kendala dan hambatan yang dihadapi Ombudsman serta upaya pencegahan dan penyelesaian. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yaitu menelaah hukum sebagai pola prilaku yang ditujukan pada penerapan peraturan hukum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, peran Ombudsman dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap kinerja Pemerintah di Kota Banda Aceh belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan fungsi, tugas dan kewenangan yang diatur Undang-Undang, disebabkan karena masih adanya kendala yang dihadapi.The function and the duty of Ombudsman must be implemented to overcome the maladministration which can cause disadvantageous to the state and society. This research aims to find out and describe the role of Aceh Ombudsman in supervising the work performance of Banda Aceh government and to discuss the obstacles faced by Aceh Ombudsman and prevention efforts and socialization supervising to overcome the barriers. The method used of this study is juridical-empiric approach to analyze law based on the behavior pattern related to the law regulation implementation. Based on the research result, it shows that the role of Aceh Ombudsman in supervising the government work performance in Banda Aceh has not been running appropriately yet as its function, duties, and authorities because there are still obstacles faced by the Ombudsman. 

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Obruch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

The article examines transformational trends characteristic of the current stage of development of subjects of the transport and logistics sector, in particular enterprises of the railway transport. It is established that digital innovations are now considered as a key factor for successful adaptation of entities to new business conditions, the introduction of which in the activities of enterprises contributes to the optimization of processes, sustainable development of business entities and the establishment of their effective communication with stakeholders. It is emphasized that the acceleration of technological progress and the reduction of the innovation life cycle requires increasing the pace and, accordingly, the cost of research activities, which in the conditions of limited own resources of the enterprise creates the need to find new approaches to the organization of innovation activities and involve other economic entities in the innovation process. The article analyzes the current state and trends in the development of railway transport enterprises, the peculiarities of the impact of digitalization on changing the principles of their management and transforming the innovative environment of railway industry enterprises. It is established that against the background of the development of the digital economy, drastic changes are also taking place in the innovative environment of railway transport enterprises, associated with the large-scale penetration of digital technologies into their activities, the deepening of Global Innovation Partnership and cooperation based on the development of digital ecosystems, the strengthening of cross-functionality and convergence of elements of the innovation system, the transition from mass standardized production to the development of customized products and services. The features of the formation of open and closed innovation systems according to such criteria as the type of innovation environment, features of interaction of subjects of innovation activity, the duration of the innovation cycle, the type of innovation and the role of the consumer in the innovation process are studied. Attention is focused on the expediency of forming open innovative systems at railway transport enterprises, which are characterized by the use of not only their own, but also external ideas, technologies, ways to enter the market, etc.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document