Mechanical, thermal and dynamic-mechanical studies of functionalized halloysite nanotubes reinforced polypropylene composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112096511
Author(s):  
Prakash Krishnaiah ◽  
Sivakumar Manickam ◽  
Chantara Thevy Ratnam ◽  
MS Raghu ◽  
L Parashuram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Surface Modified

Mechanical, dynamic-mechanical and thermal performance of polypropylene (PP) composites which are composed of (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were investigated. Functionalization of HNTs was confirmed by the presence of amine stretching peaks in the FTIR spectrum. A decrease in the agglomeration and high dispersion of APTES-HNTs across the PP matrix was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The mechanical properties of APTES-HNT-PP polymer composites were superior over their unmodified counterparts. Tensile properties such as maximum strength, Young’s modulus and impact strength were significantly enhanced by 28%, 45% and 60% respectively, with 6 wt% incorporation of surface-modified HNTs into PP matrix. A drastic improvement of stiffness and thermal stability of composites was noted with the incorporation of APTES modified HNTs into PP polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed a total increase of 22% in the crystallinity of clay polymer nanocomposite after filled with surface-modified HNTs. Overall, the outcome of this research confirms the modification of the surface of HNTs with a silane coupling agent, which enhances the mechanical and thermal performance of PP composites incorporated HNTs.

Feasibility Study of Chemical Treatments on Sorghum Fibres for Compatibility Enhancement in Polypropylene Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 929 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismojo ◽  
Rai Pratama ◽  
Ghiska Ramahdita ◽  
Anne Zulfia Syahrial ◽  
Mochamad Chalid
Keyword(s):  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Weak Compatibility ◽  
Pp Composites

Polypropylene (PP) is one of the biggest petro-polymers, which is used in very wide application nowadays. The environment problem due to materials such as plastics having very long time degradability, and critical petroleum sources have promoted some studies to empowerment of natural resources such as natural fibres for substituting or at least modifying petro-polymers. Because of biodegradability obtained from natural source, sorghum fibers are interesting to be used as filler in PP composites, despite of weak compatibility between them. Surface modification on the sorghum fibers through alkalinization prior to acetylation was aimed to improve the fiber compatibility to PP. The treatments were expected to substitute hydroxyl group in the sorghum fibers, into acetic ester group in order to increase their hydrophobicity as the fillers. Moreover, the treatments were able to unbundle single fibers into micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) fibres with increase in crystallinity index. Usage of this MFC fiber as filler in PP leads to improvement of the composite performances such as thermal properties. In this study, Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) were used to evaluate the performances of the Sorghum fibers after the treatments and as the filler in the Sorghum fibers/PP composites. The experimental results showed the MFC fibers as the smallest sizes in 5.0 microns and the highest crystallinity index up to 79.1 %, obtained from alkalinization with 2.5 M NaOH prior to acetylation with 17.4 M CH3COOH and the glacial (CH3CO2)2. Compatibility study of the treated Sorghum fibers on PP shows an improvement indicated by a strong interaction between the fibers and PP on morphology observation, increase in melting point of PP from 163.4°C (using virgin Shorgum fibers) into 163.6°C (using treated Sorghum fibers) in DSC measurements.

scholarly journals Maleated polypropylene as coupling agent for polypropylene composites reinforced with Eucalyptus and Pinus particles

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 4774-4791
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Waste from the processing of hardwood and coniferous wood generated in the timber industries is difficult to dispose of and can cause considerable environmental impacts, such as soil and groundwater contamination. In this context, composites with varying concentrations of polypropylene, maleated polypropylene, and particulate Eucalyptus and Pinus waste were produced in a twin screw extruder and injection molded as test bodies for tensile and flexural tests. The morphology of the composites was investigated via scanning electron microscopy. The thermal properties were identified through differential scanning calorimetry. The tensile and flexural results for the two waste formulations indicated that the addition of vegetable fillers increased the modulus of elasticity and bending, and the compatibilizer provided increased resistance to stress and maximum deflection. The scanning electron micrographs illustrated the wetting of the cellulosic charge by the thermoplastic polymer with the compatibilizer, which corroborated the possible occurrence of an esterification reaction and hydrogen bonding interactions in the matrix-particle interface. The incorporation of waste in the composite resulted in the reduction of the degree of crystallinity of polypropylene, regardless of the use of the compatibilizer. This was explained by the barrier capacity of the charge, which prevented the growth of the crystals.

scholarly journals Crystallization and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/continuous carbon fiber/metallocene polypropylene composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Tan ◽  
Xiuxue Guo ◽  
Hao Tan ◽  
Qinglu Zhang ◽  
Changheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Melting And Crystallization

Abstract In this work, a high fluidity polypropylene prepared with the metallocene catalyst (mPP) was used as matrix, carbon nanotube (CNT) and continuous carbon fiber (CCF) were added to prepare composites, and their mechanical properties, melting and crystallization behavior were investigated. In the mechanical properties, the effects of tension force in the preparation process and compatibilizer maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the tensile strength of the composites were researched. The results show that the tensile strength of the composites increases first and then decreases with the increase of tractive force. In addition, the melting and crystallization behaviors and dynamic mechanical behaviors of mPP, CNT/mPP and CNT/CCF/mPP composites were characterized and studied by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results show that the melting point (Tm ), crystallization temperature (Tc ) and storage modulus (E') of CNT/mPP are all increased by adding 1wt% CNT, especially the Tc is increased by 8.8 ºC. It shows that after CNT was added to mPP as inorganic carbon material, it plays a prominent role in heterogeneous nucleation. After CCF was composited with CNT/mPP, the composites with CCF content of 30 and 42wt% were prepared, and their Tm , Tc , crystallinity (Xc ) and E' were all improved, especially E' was greatly improved, such as the initial E' was increased by 5.64 and 11.74 times. Even at the end of the curve, the E' of the composites with CF is still significantly higher than that of mPP and CNT/mPP. It indicates that adding CCF will greatly improved the deformation resistance and load deformation temperature of mPP.

Surface Modification of CaCO3 Micro/Nanofillers by Pimelic Acid: Consequences on Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Fang Wei Qi ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Pimelic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Pp Composites

In present study, two kinds of CaCO3 with micro-sized and nanometer-sized particles were treated by pimelic acid (PA) with different proportion. Then the treated particles (the total content of micro-sized and nanometer-sized CaCO3 particles was 10 wt%) were mixed with polypropylene (PP) to prepare CaCO3/PP composites by melting blending. The crystallization behavior and morphology of composites were studied by wide-angle-X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized microscope (PLM), respectively. Compared with PP and other samples, the content of β-crystal in the composite NCP2 where the ratio of nanoand micro particles was 2:8 (NCP2), reached the highest values. The growth speed of crystals in PP matrix was much quicker, leading to the larger spherulites than the NCP2 and NCP8. The time of complete nucleation for NCP8 was lower than PP, but higher than NCP2.

Mechanical and thermal behavior analysis of wood–polypropylene composites

2020 ◽  
pp. 004051752094424
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Jianyong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
The Impact

Bio-based materials have attracted great attention due to their good mechanical properties, biodegradability, low cost, and easy processing, especially abundant resources. In this work, polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with 15, 30 and 45 wt% wood powder (WP) were prepared by injection molding and their thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical properties were characterized. It was found that the strength and modulus of the composite materials in the tensile and bending tests significantly increased, but the impact strength decreased. The dynamic mechanical test also showed that the storage modulus increased with the increase of WP content. WP endowed the composite material with rigidity and strength, but it was not good for toughness. Besides, the addition of WP did not change the crystal structure of the composites, while the degree of crystallinity decreased. WP-filled PP composites with stable mechanical and thermal properties have great potential to replace traditional glass fiber-reinforced composites in many fields such as construction, sports equipment, and the automotive industry.

scholarly journals Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Klaudiusz Wypiór ◽  
Krzysztof Mijalski ◽  
Ewelina Chmielnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallinity Degree

The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanofiller Content on Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Montmorillonite Nanoclay Filler Hybrid Shape Memory Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hasfanizam Mat Yazik ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Abd Rahim Abu Talib ◽  
Norkhairunnisa Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Tan Δ

The aim of the present study has been to evaluate the effect of hybridization of montmorillonite (MMT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the thermal and viscoelastic properties of shape memory epoxy polymer (SMEP) nanocomposites. In this study, ultra-sonication was utilized to disperse 1%, 3%, and 5% MMT in combination with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% MWCNT into the epoxy system. The fabricated SMEP hybrid nanocomposites were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The storage modulus (E’), loss modulus (E”), tan δ, decomposition temperature, and decomposition rate, varied upon the addition of the fillers. Tan δ indicated a reduction of glass transition temperature (Tg) for all the hybrid SMEP nanocomposites. 3% MMT/1% MWCNT displayed best overall performance compared to other hybrid filler concentrations and indicated a better mechanical property compared to neat SMEP. These findings open a way to develop novel high-performance composites for various potential applications, such as morphing structures and actuators, as well as biomedical devices.

Synthesis and properties of phthalonitrile-based resins containing spirocycle acetal

2020 ◽  
pp. 095400832097759
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Hua Yin ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Pei Dai ◽  
Ling Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laser Desorption Ionization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Nmr Spectrometry ◽  
Current Context

Designing novel low-melting, high-rigidity phthalonitrile resin is of great significance in the current context of development. In this study, rigid spirocycle acetal structure was introduced into phthalonitrile to reduce the melting point and maintain their thermal stability. The chemical structure of resins was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal stability and mechanical properties of the cured resins were investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The processability was studied by rheological analysis. The results indicated the three monomers had a low melting temperature, wide processing windows and low viscosities. These polymers did not exhibit Tg from room temperature to 400°C, exhibited superb dynamic mechanical property and thermal stability.

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