The Impact of Counseling on Bowen’s Differentiation of Self

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Messina ◽  
Jered B. Kolbert ◽  
Matthew J. Bundick ◽  
Laura M. Crothers ◽  
Donald A. Strano
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Emotional Cutoff ◽  
Outpatient Counseling ◽  
The Impact

Bowen’s natural systems theory has been identified as a foundational theory in understanding family processes, and yet there is a lack of research examining the impact of counseling on Bowenian constructs of differentiation, emotional reactivity (ER), fusion, and “I” positions (IPs). In order to investigate this potential impact, the present study employed a pre–post quasi-experimental design, sampling 20 adults receiving outpatient counseling services for a 3-month period from a community mental health center in the Northeastern United States. The results revealed that participants demonstrated moderate to large statistically significant improvements in their overall differentiation of self, as well as in the dimensions of ER and taking IPs. However, there were no improvements in the dimensions of emotional cutoff and fusion with others. The results are discussed in relation to Bowenian theory as well as the common factors model.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes, Differentiation of Self, and Emotional Distress: Jews and Arabs in Israel

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ora Peleg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Emotional Cutoff ◽  
The Relationship

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a global epidemic, and is constantly on the rise. In Israel, the percentage of diabetics in the Arab population is twice that found in the Jewish population (12% and 6.2%, respectively). Findings suggest that low differentiation of self (DoS: emotional reactivity+ fusion with others, I-position, emotional cutoff) may raise vulnerability to certain physiological pathologies by increasing susceptibility to psychological distress. The major goal of this study was to test differences in DoS and emotional distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms) between diabetic and healthy participants. The second aim was to examine cultural differences within these metrics. Another purpose was to examine the relationship between DoS and emotional distress among healthy and diabetic participants. The sample included 261 participants, of whom 154 were healthy and 107 were diabetic. Diabetics reported more severe depressive symptoms, higher levels of anxiety and emotional cutoff and lower levels of I-position than healthy individuals. The groups did not differ in their levels of emotional reactivity + fusion with others. Arabs demonstrated higher levels of emotional cutoff, anxiety and depressive symptoms and lower levels of I-position than Jews. However, Arabs and Jews did not differ in their levels of emotional reactivity + fusion with others. Emotional reactivity + fusion with others contributed the most to diabetes among Arabs, while depressive symptoms contributed the most among Jews. Finally, among Jewish participants, age was positively correlated with emotional cutoff and depressive symptoms. Emotional cutoff was positively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Emotional reactivity + fusion with others was positively correlated with anxiety. Among Arab participants, age was positively correlated with emotional cutoff, anxiety and depressive symptoms. I-position was negatively correlated with all study variables. Emotional cutoff was positively correlated, anxiety and depressive symptoms. Emotional reactivity + fusion with others was positively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Die deutsche Version des Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI-G)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Reinhard Maß ◽  
Marie-Lene Schottke ◽  
Ann-Marie Borchert ◽  
Pauline Marie Ellermann ◽  
Lena-Marieke Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Emotional Cutoff ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version ◽  
Differentiation Of Self Inventory

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Differenzierung des Selbst ist ein zentrales Konstrukt der Familiensystemtheorie, das häufig mit dem Differentiation of Self Inventory (DSI) untersucht wird. Das DSI besteht aus den vier Unterskalen „Emotional Reactivity“ (ER), „Emotional Cutoff“ (EC), „I-Position“ (IP) und „Fusion with Others“ (FO). Bislang liegt keine deutschsprachige Version dieses Fragebogens vor. Fragestellung: Entwicklung und Evaluation einer deutschen Version des DSI (DSI-G). Methode: Eine autorisierte Übersetzung wurde N = 259 gesunden Erwachsenen vorgelegt. Da die Faktorenanalyse ergab, dass FO sich in der deutschen Version nicht abbildete und eine relativ geringe Reliabilität aufwies, wurde in einer zweiten Stichprobe ( N = 63) eine Neukonstruktion dieser Unterskala vorgenommen. Das DSI mit der neuen FO-Unterskala wurde mit einer dritten Stichprobe ( N = 215) evaluiert. Ergebnisse: Die neukonstruierte FO-Unterskala bildet sich zusammen mit den anderen drei Unterskalen in einer vierfaktoriellen Lösung ab. Das DSI-G korreliert in plausibler Weise mit Depression, Ängstlichkeit, Bindungsstil und Beziehungsqualität. Alle vier Unterskalen sind hinreichend reliabel. Schlussfolgerungen: Das DSI-G ist in Forschung und Praxis einsetzbar und könnte sich vor allem in der Therapie-Evaluation als nützlich erweisen.

scholarly journals Are People with Poor Differentiation of Self at Risk of Developing Eating Disorders? A Study of Jewish and Arab Participants

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora Peleg ◽  
Orna Tzischinsky
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Emotional Cutoff

Abstract Purpose: In light of findings that Israeli Arabs report higher prevalence of eating disorders (EDs) than Israeli Jews and that higher rates of the risk of EDs have been reported by females than males, the first aim of this study was to further investigate the cultural and gender differences in differentiation of self (DoS) and risk of developing EDs among Israeli young adults. The second aim was to examine whether DoS is associated with the risk of EDs. Methods: Of the 859 participants (670 females, mean age 26.8), 440 were Jewish and 419 were Arab. Participants took the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and completed the Differentiation of Self-Revised (DSI-R) questionnaire.Results: Results revealed that Jewish participants had significantly lower diet, bulimia, and total EAT-26 scores than their Arab counterparts, while Jewish female participants had higher dieting and lower emotional cutoff scores than Jewish male participants. In addition, Jews who reported higher levels of risk of EDs showed higher levels of BMI, emotional reactivity, emotional cutoff, and fusion with others. Arabs who reported higher levels of risk of EDs reported higher levels of BMI and emotional cutoff and lower levels of I-position. Conclusion: People with high risk of EDs may have difficulty maintaining intimate family relationships. In distressing situations, they tend to disconnect rather than share with or gain support from significant others. In each culture, the risk of EDs increases for differently: among the Arab participants, when feelings and needs remain unexpressed; among the Jewish participants, even when they have symbiotic family relationships.Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

scholarly journals Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19: a modelling study in China and the United States

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e043863
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Weifeng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe aim to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the transmission of COVID-19 across communities after accounting for community-level factors such as demographics, socioeconomic status and human mobility status.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional regression analysis via the Fama-MacBeth procedure is adopted.SettingWe use the data for COVID-19 daily symptom-onset cases for 100 Chinese cities and COVID-19 daily confirmed cases for 1005 US counties.ParticipantsA total of 69 498 cases in China and 740 843 cases in the USA are used for calculating the effective reproductive numbers.Primary outcome measuresRegression analysis of the impact of temperature and relative humidity on the effective reproductive number (R value).ResultsStatistically significant negative correlations are found between temperature/relative humidity and the effective reproductive number (R value) in both China and the USA.ConclusionsHigher temperature and higher relative humidity potentially suppress the transmission of COVID-19. Specifically, an increase in temperature by 1°C is associated with a reduction in the R value of COVID-19 by 0.026 (95% CI (−0.0395 to −0.0125)) in China and by 0.020 (95% CI (−0.0311 to −0.0096)) in the USA; an increase in relative humidity by 1% is associated with a reduction in the R value by 0.0076 (95% CI (−0.0108 to −0.0045)) in China and by 0.0080 (95% CI (−0.0150 to −0.0010)) in the USA. Therefore, the potential impact of temperature/relative humidity on the effective reproductive number alone is not strong enough to stop the pandemic.

scholarly journals Using syndromic measures of mortality to capture the dynamics of COVID-19 in Java, Indonesia, in the context of vaccination rollout

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimandra A. Djaafara ◽  
Charles Whittaker ◽  
Oliver J. Watson ◽  
Robert Verity ◽  
Nicholas F. Brazeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
If Current ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background As in many countries, quantifying COVID-19 spread in Indonesia remains challenging due to testing limitations. In Java, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented throughout 2020. However, as a vaccination campaign launches, cases and deaths are rising across the island. Methods We used modelling to explore the extent to which data on burials in Jakarta using strict COVID-19 protocols (C19P) provide additional insight into the transmissibility of the disease, epidemic trajectory, and the impact of NPIs. We assess how implementation of NPIs in early 2021 will shape the epidemic during the period of likely vaccine rollout. Results C19P burial data in Jakarta suggest a death toll approximately 3.3 times higher than reported. Transmission estimates using these data suggest earlier, larger, and more sustained impact of NPIs. Measures to reduce sub-national spread, particularly during Ramadan, substantially mitigated spread to more vulnerable rural areas. Given current trajectory, daily cases and deaths are likely to increase in most regions as the vaccine is rolled out. Transmission may peak in early 2021 in Jakarta if current levels of control are maintained. However, relaxation of control measures is likely to lead to a subsequent resurgence in the absence of an effective vaccination campaign. Conclusions Syndromic measures of mortality provide a more complete picture of COVID-19 severity upon which to base decision-making. The high potential impact of the vaccine in Java is attributable to reductions in transmission to date and dependent on these being maintained. Increases in control in the relatively short-term will likely yield large, synergistic increases in vaccine impact.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of the European resilience curriculum in preschool, early and late primary school children

2021 ◽  
pp. 014303432110250
Author(s):  
Celeste Simões ◽  
Anabela C. Santos ◽  
Paula Lebre ◽  
João R. Daniel ◽  
Cátia Branquinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

Resilience is an individual’s ability to adapt successfully to and persevere during and after significant challenges. Resilience programmes based on a socioemotional learning approach have been associated with an increase in protextive factors (e.g., prosocial competencies), improvements in physical and mental health, and a decrease in internalised and externalised symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the RESCUR curriculum implemented in Portuguese schools on students’ academic, behavioural, and socioemotional outcomes, based on child and teacher reports. Participants included 1,084 children (53.2% male) aged 3-15 ( M = 7.24, SD = 2.31). A quasi-experimental study compared outcomes for an experimental intervention group (AIG) with a waiting list control group (WG). The results showed the RESCUR programme decreased mental health difficulties while increasing both prosocial behaviours and well-being. In addition, academic performance increased for those in preschool after implementation. Both teachers and children consistently reported positive behavioural changes in resilience-related competencies after implementing RESCUR. Our findings contribute to the recent research on the potential of RESCUR to address key socioemotional competencies and improve relevant protextive factors. Study limitations and future recommendations are addressed.

scholarly journals Does Multidisciplinary Team Simulation-Based Training Improve Obstetric Emergencies Skills?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Encarna Hernández ◽  
Marcos Camacho ◽  
César Leal-Costa ◽  
María Ruzafa-Martínez ◽  
Antonio Jesús Ramos-Morcillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Breech Delivery ◽  
Obstetric Emergencies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Clinical simulation in obstetrics has turned out to be a tool that can reduce the rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact and evaluate the effects of training with high-fidelity simulation of obstetric emergencies on a multidisciplinary group. The quasi-experimental research study was structured in three phases: a first phase where the most important obstetric emergencies were determined, a second phase of design and development of the selected cases for simulation training, and a third and final phase where the abilities and satisfaction of the multidisciplinary team were analyzed. Three scenarios and their respective evaluation tools of obstetric emergencies were selected for simulation training: postpartum hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, and breech delivery. The health professionals significantly improved their skills after training, and were highly satisfied with the simulation experience (p < 0.05). An inter-observer agreement between good and excellent reliability was obtained. Regarding conclusions, we can state that high-fidelity obstetric emergency simulation training improved the competencies of the health professionals.

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