Leaving lights on – A conscious choice or wasted light? Use of indoor lighting in Swedish homes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2090864
Author(s):  
Kiran M. Gerhardsson ◽  
Thorbjörn Laike ◽  
Maria Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Indoor Lighting ◽  
Further Development

Promoting resource- and energy-efficient home lighting through technology and behaviour change requires an understanding of how residents currently use lighting and what they want from it. However, users' needs and desires relating to lighting in homes are poorly understood, as research is still limited. This paper aims to provide a fuller picture of residents' experiences with their home lighting. Interviews about how residents perceive the character of lighting and luminaires and lighting use suggest that home lighting has nine capabilities: to enable vision; to facilitate visual tasks; to display objects; to send a message; to support a particular atmosphere; to shape the architectural space; to offer a visual aesthetic experience; to maintain or change rhythmicity; and to evoke memories. Secondary data confirmed five of them. The identified capabilities relate to behavioural goals, psychological wellbeing and social needs. We conclude that seemingly wasted light in people's homes, i.e. lights left on in unoccupied rooms, can serve a purpose for the residents, such as avoiding visual or aesthetic discomfort, making the home inviting, benefitting people outside and providing safety. Findings have implications for the further development of new lighting technologies and design, energy-saving campaigns targeting residents and for urban outdoor environments.

Development of Efficiency in Visual Functioning: Rationale for a Comprehensive Program

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie C. Barraga ◽  
Marcia E. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Functioning ◽  
Comprehensive Program ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The rationale for a comprehensive program in visual functioning is based upon an assumed interaction between: (a) functions performed by the visual system, (b) developmental visual tasks organized in keeping with perceptual/cognitive milestones, and (c) a variety of indoor and outdoor environments.

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Provision of Psychosocial Services for Oncological Patients and Their Loved Ones in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Emilija Gaidytė ◽  
Eugenijus Dunajevas
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Action Explanation ◽  
Public Resources

It is acknowledged by various organizations, experts, and researchers around the world that meeting psychological and social needs is an important factor in cancer treatment. However, there is a shortage of psychosocial care supply for cancer patients and their family members in Lithuania. The aim of this study is to discern the causes of this insufficient supply. In order to find out the possible causes, Jon Elster’s action explanation framework was used. According to the framework, it is possible to deduce these factors: institutional constraints, economical (resources and labor supply) constraints, social preferences, and political preferences. Qualitative research (expert interviews) and secondary data analysis research methods were employed to gather the required data. A data analysis shows that the there are no institutional constraints for the provision of psychosocial care. However, there is a lack of public resources dedicated for the provision of psychosocial care. As a consequence, the main providers of psychosocial care for cancer patients and their family members are NGOs, which heavily depend on volunteer labor force. There is a contradiction in the point of view toward the professionalization of psychosocial care provision. It is the natural position of medical professionals that the provision of psychosocial care should be in the hands of professionals. On the other side, NGOs disagree with such a perspective. The need for psychosocial care is verbalized by experts and professionals; however, the general public prefers medical treatment. Thus, it is understandable why the public resources allocated to the provision of psychosocial care are so scarce. It is also evident that the political parties are not interested in psychosocial care, as it was shown by our analysis of their political programs.

scholarly journals Indoor Lighting Customization Based on Effective Reflectance Coefficients: A Methodology to Optimize Visual Performance and Decrease Consumption in Educative Workplaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Antonio Peña-García ◽  
Ferdinando Salata
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Programming Methodology ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Indoor Lighting

The importance of accurate lighting has been proven to be essential for good performance in all kinds of buildings, where most of the professional activities are carried out. National regulations and international standards dealing with indoor lighting establish the technical requirements of lighting installations to ensure the performance of their users. These requirements deal with illuminance on the working plane, uniformity, glare, color temperature of light and some other parameters. However, regulations and technical documents on indoor lighting are mainly referred to standard conditions that are sometimes far away from the reality. Hence, some installations can fulfill the technical requirements, whilst being uncomfortable for task development, impairing user’s performance and are oversized in terms of energy consumption. This work departs from a field study in highlighting the regulatory limitations in the matter of reflectance, to propose a quasi-Lambertian approach to real conditions in indoor workplaces with a special aim in educative environments. It consists of the introduction of “effective reflectance” coefficients for some key visual tasks and furniture carried out by users in certain typical positions and working planes. Based on this coefficient, it is proposed to implement a simple measurement and luminary programming methodology adapted to each particular workplace, especially in educational centers. The final target is to improve visual performance and save energy.

Starting up a Business with Support of Subsidies for the Development of Entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Jegorow
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

The aim of this article is to determine the relationship of subsidies for starting up a business with its further development. Presented synthesis combines the analysis of literature, secondary data sources, descriptive statistics and observation. Thus, the article is a part of the cognitive function of economics. The analysis shows that recent years were characterized by a clear quantitative growth of newly registered enterprises.  This was accompanied by large public support provided in the form of subsidies for starting up a business. However, in many cases, the objective of the business was to be granted subsidies rather than its development under the auspices of the financing institutions

scholarly journals Investigation of the Use of Energy Efficient Bulbs in Residential Buildings in Ile-Ife, Osun State, NigeriaInvestigation of the Use of Energy Efficient Bulbs in Residential Buildings in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahab Akeem Bolaji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling

The use of incandescent bulbs by the majority of building occupants in Nigeria has complemented high cost of electrical energy consumption and this has informed prevalence of different types of energy efficient lighting bulbs. The study, therefore, identified and examined types of lighting bulbs used, assessed the rate of use of energy efficient bulbs in selected residential buildings and examined factors influencing its use. The study was carried out in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Residential settlements in core wards in the study area were considered and four wards in the core zone of the Local Government were randomly selected from the total of eleven while data collection was done with the use of primary and secondary data techniques. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 5% sample size from the entire population and systematic sampling procedure was further employed by selecting every 10th building in the direction of movement which indicated selection of 123 houses. A total of 123 structured questionnaires were administered on the respondents on issues associated with the use of lighting bulbs. Data collected were analysed by both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study found that 90.53% and 72.63% of the respondents used incandescent and energy saving bulbs respectively; variation existed in the wattages of different brands of energy saving and non-energy saving bulbs used in the selected buildings: A major proportion of the respondents used an average number of 1-5 lighting bulbs in buildings and its spaces therein; while quality and cost-saving benefit, energy saving benefit and durability of bulb influenced the choice of fluorescent tubes, compact fluorescent bulbs and light emitting diodes with a mean score value of 2.20, 2.29 and 2.85 respectively. In view of the need to enhance visual performance and comfort of buildings and its occupants respectively, efforts must be made by government to ensure that consumers awareness and enlightenment be increased on the types of lighting bulbs to procure and there is also need to strengthen mechanisms through the importation and sales of energy efficient bulbs only so as to enhance its cost-saving and environment–related benefits amongst others.

scholarly journals The Ways to Improve the Accounting-Analytical Provision of the Non-Profit Communal Healthcare Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (512) ◽  
pp. 212-218
Author(s):  
N. G. Krasnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Audit ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
And Control ◽  
Further Development

The article examines the organizational aspect of accounting for incomes and expenses, as well as the problems of accounting for incomes and expenses of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises (CNP HA). The accounting-analytical information is considered as the socio-economic basis of business globalization, which is relevant in the context of strengthening the value of accounting and reporting for the further development of economic science and practice. The essence of the concept of «accounting-analytical provision of social needs», ways, forms and factors of its improvement are researched. The directions of improvement of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises and ways to modernize the methodology of carrying out the internal audit of incomes and expenses are proposed. The accounting-analytical provision of the enterprise is one of the main prerequisites for the effective functioning of any enterprise and an important element of the formation of the efficient managerial decisions. The purpose of the accounting-analytical provision of the activities of the CNP HA is to provide the management staff of the enterprise with complete, timely and reliable information for the adoption of current and strategic managerial decisions. The accounting and reporting system should be formed in accordance with the adopted methodological principles and approaches to analytical researches aimed at a comprehensive impact on the activities of the enterprise to ensure profit and strengthen its financial position in the market. Priority directions for improving the principles and methods of accounting and auditing of incomes and expenses of CNP HA are defined; the same is considered with regard to the economic analysis to maximum satisfying the needs of users in making managerial decisions as to the dynamic development of the CNP HA. The proposed directions for improving the methodology for carrying out an internal audit of incomes and expenses allow for operational analysis and control of incomes and expenses, and in the future use this information to make effective decisions on the functioning of the non-profit communal healthcare enterprises in the long term perspective.

scholarly journals Penerapan Yellow Box Junction Pada Perlintasan Sebidang Untuk Mengurai Antrian Kendaraan Akibat Penutupan Pintu Perlintasan Sebidang

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Tantara Tesa Putra ◽  
Edi Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Queue Length ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Transportation Problems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Passenger Trains ◽  
Railway Crossing ◽  
Further Development

Good transportation is smooth, safe, safe, convenient and efficient transportation. In order to realizesuch good transportation, effort is needed in overcoming various transportation problems that existtoday and then do various further development. One of the transportation problems is the locationof the intersection of Jalan Teuku Umar by crossing a plot of KS Tubun Road between the road andthe railroad track. The crossing of this plot resulted in congestion in the aftermath of the closure ofthe railway crossing. This is very dangerous and causes a burden of loss if there is a train thatpasses at close intervals due to the unraveling of congestion that occurred on Jalan Teuku Umar.The method in this research is research and development. In this research, the research location isTeuku Umar Street. The data collection is divided into primary data and secondary data. Primarydata were obtained by directly conducting a survey to a research site on Jalan Teuku Umar. Theobservation period in the field is done on Sunday, 17 September 2017 for 14 hours from 06.00 to20.00 WIB. Secondary data is data sourced from institutions - insatansi related to research that isPT. Kereta Api Indonesia on the schedule of passenger trains and freight passing through a planeof Teuku Umar Street. Based on the analysis of the application of yellow box junction at theintersection can decompose the queue length that occurs on Teuku Umar Street.

Dewey, Aesthetic Experience, and Education for Humanity

2019 ◽  
pp. 410-442
Author(s):  
Andrea English ◽  
Christine Doddington
Keyword(s):  
Global Education ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Progressive Education ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Shared Humanity

Following from John Dewey’s notion that aesthetic experience is experience in its fullest sense, this chapter focuses on examining Dewey’s concept of aesthetic experience as it is inextricably tied to his concepts of human nature and education. It begins by exploring the concept of aesthetic experience in the context of Dewey’s broader theory of education and growth. The chapter then discusses how aesthetic experiences are cultivated in the context of formal learning settings, including classrooms and outdoor environments, paying special attention to the critical and indispensable role of the teacher in creating situations for students’ aesthetic experiences. In this context, the chapter discusses how Dewey’s critique of traditional and progressive education is still relevant in today’s global education climate. It concludes by discussing the crisis in education as the authors see it today and suggests that Dewey’s views provide three key insights for addressing this crisis: the value of teachers, the role of art as an ethical-political force, and the special place of philosophy of education in the cultivation of shared humanity.

Improving energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings: a review of best practices

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kwame Simpeh ◽  
Jon-Patrick George Pillay ◽  
Ruben Ndihokubwayo ◽  
Dorothy Julian Nalumu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart Technologies

PurposeHeating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for approximately half of all energy usage in the operational phase of a building's lifecycle. The disproportionate amount of energy usage in HVAC systems against other utilities within buildings has proved a huge cause for alarm, as this practice contributes significantly to global warming and climate change. This paper reviews the status and current trends of energy consumption associated with HVAC systems with the aim of interrogating energy efficiency practices for improving HVAC systems' consumption in buildings in the context of developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study relied predominantly on secondary data by analysing the relevant body of literature and proposing conceptual insights regarding best practices for improving the energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings. The systematic review of the literature (SLR) was aided by the PRISMA guiding principle. Content analysis technique was adopted to examine germane scholarly articles and finally grouped them into themes.FindingsBased on the SLR, measures for enhancing the energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings were classified based on economic considerations ranging from low-cost measures such as the cost of tuning the system, installing zonal control systems, adopting building integrated greenery systems and passive solar designs to major approaches such as HVAC smart technologies for energy management which have multi-year pay-back periods. Further, it was established that practices to improve energy efficiency in buildings range from integrated greening system into buildings to HVAC system which are human-centred and controlled to meet human modalities.Practical implicationsThere is a need to incorporate these energy efficiency practices into building regulations or codes so that built environment professionals would have a framework within which to design their buildings to be energy efficient. This energy efficient solution may serve as a prerequisite for newly constructed buildings.Originality/valueTo this end, the authors develop an integrated optimization conceptual framework mimicking energy efficiency options that may complement HVAC systems operations in buildings.

Architecture in Islam: An Analytical Study of the Design of the Islamic House in Contemporary Concepts: العمارة في الاسلام: دراسة تحليلية لتصميم المسكن الإسلامي في ظل المفاهيم التصميمية المعاصرة

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Thiab
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Space

The emergence of modern theories of architecture generated a big change and formed a remarkable development in architecture and in its progress’ pace; this development caused a change in the appropriate standards ​​between the architectural space and its users. The degree to which the residential space utilizes the social and functional needs of its residents is closely related to the creation of special experience. Contemporary Studies has paid great attention to address these aspects in residential design solutions by proposing a variety of housing models. Hence, it is necessary to search for the architectural version of the analgesic that is best suited Jordanian family for its present and future requirements confirmed by the moral teachings of Islam as a religion of every time and place. In our research, we are trying to identify functional requirements and social needs that are adequate for housing the Jordanian family in an effort to develop these advantages and characteristics in line with the requirements of modern demands of these families. The research methodology is to understand housing in Islamic architecture and its relationship to its surroundings and the community, and monitor the modern transformations in modern housing architecture in Jordan. The research later adopts these forms and constrains as the evaluation criteria in the analytical study of the villa "Attebaa" taking an example a contemporary house of the architect Ayman Zuayter work. The research then concludes and recommends looking at housing architecture as a result of individuals need, which is reflected on the community as part.

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