Fraud reporting in Catalonia in the Internet era: Determinants and motives

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082094140
Author(s):  
Steven Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Public Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Online Fraud ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Context ◽  
Rational Component ◽  
Crime Event

Fraud has been identified as one of the most prevalent property crimes in the Internet era and underreporting represents one of the most pressing challenges to prevention and policing. Like fraud itself, the issue is not new and therefore traditional findings and approaches designed to foster reporting may also be applicable to online fraud. This study performs a series of regression models to analyse data on fraud victims from two editions of the representative Catalan Public Security Survey. The aim is to identify and compare socio-demographic, context and crime event determinants of online and offline fraud reporting, as well as the reasons for not reporting. Thus, the article contributes to the literature regarding cybercrime and traditional crime a/symmetries. The findings show that, surprisingly, online fraud is reported at a higher rate than offline fraud, mainly owing to the greater odds of being considered a crime by the victim. In general, fraud reporting appears to involve a rational component because financial and non-financial harms and the expected utility of reporting are more relevant to the decision than socio-demographic factors. In addition, the most common reasons for not reporting refer to the opportunity costs of doing so. The demographic predictors of online reporters show only slight differences from their offline counterparts, but more associations are found regarding the reasons for not reporting. Finally, the implications for policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Internet Usage and Overweight/Obesity: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey in Nepal

Sexes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md. Momin Islam ◽  
John Oldroyd ◽  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Rakibul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Obesity Interventions ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To examine the associations between internet use and overweight/obesity in people aged 15–49 years in Nepal and the extent to which these associations differ by biological sex. Materials and methods: The study analyzed the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016 data. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the total effects of internet use (IU) in the last 12 months and frequency of internet use (FIU) in the last month on overweight/obesity adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Of the 10,380 participants, the prevalence of overweight/obesity by IU was 38% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.9%, 40.1%) for males and 44.1% (95% CI: 41.6%, 46.6%) for female. The likelihood of overweight/obesity was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.55; 95% CI: 1.40, 1.73; p < 0.001) among those participants who used the internet compared to the participants who did not use the internet in the last 12 months. Similar associations were observed when using the augmented measure of exposure-FIU in the last month. We observed the modification effect of sex in the associations of IU (p-difference < 0.001) and FIU (p-difference < 0.002) with overweight/obesity in Nepal. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future overweight/obesity interventions in Nepal discourage unnecessary internet use, particularly among males.

scholarly journals Economic dimensions and legal regulation of the recovery of alimony obligations for the support of minor children in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-652
Author(s):  
Yulia Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
Integral Indicator

The research aims to substantiate economic factors and legal regulation of alimony obligations for minors’ maintenance in Russia, referring to other countries’ experiences and applying a questionnaire, indicators of the parents’ well-being, the satisfaction of the child’s needs, and parents’ participation in raising a child after a divorce was determined as can be seen in Russia, the USA, Germany, and France. Regression models are built reflecting the influence of the number of alimony payments, the indicator of parent’s participation in raising a child, the opportunity costs associated with the choice made by each spouse in favor of the family and children, on the integral indicator of the effectiveness of alimony obligations and its particular indicators. The results obtained have determined the guidelines for forming legal regulation of alimony obligations in Russia, which will increase the legislative efficiency of the recovery of alimony payments

The Impact of Internet Adoption on the International Marketing of the Jordanian Banking Sector

2013 ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Said Al-Hasan ◽  
Brychan C. Thomas ◽  
Ayman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Implementation

The research aims are to explore the extent of the banking sector’s adoption of Internet applications in Jordan for marketing products and to identify the impact of such adoption on developing international markets. This study also aims to determine the major obstacles restraining banks marketing their products internationally through the Internet and to make recommendations conducive to an effective and optimal implementation of Internet applications for marketing bank products locally and internationally. The statistical software package SPSS was used to analyse data and test hypotheses and from the findings a series of recommendations were formulated for upgrading the banking industry in Jordan. A population frame included banking organisations in Jordan and a research sample of 19 banks was used involving an inclusive field survey. For the unit of analysis, the study analysed information and data gathered through the questionnaire which was distributed to managers and other personnel involved in marketing at banks. Statistical methods used to analyse data and test hypotheses were frequency rates and percentages relevant to the questionnaire, standard deviations and means, and multiple regression analysis. The key results from the statistical analysis have shown that the Jordanian banking sector’s adoption of the Internet has had an impact on the international clients’ commitment towards the banks.

The Impact of Internet Adoption on the International Marketing of the Jordanian Banking Sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 1328-1343
Author(s):  
Said Al-Hasan ◽  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Ayman Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Optimal Implementation

The research aims are to explore the extent of the banking sector's adoption of Internet applications in Jordan for marketing products and to identify the impact of such adoption on developing international markets. This study also aims to determine the major obstacles restraining banks marketing their products internationally through the Internet and to make recommendations conducive to an effective and optimal implementation of Internet applications for marketing bank products locally and internationally. The statistical software package SPSS was used to analyse data and test hypotheses and from the findings a series of recommendations were formulated for upgrading the banking industry in Jordan. A population frame included banking organisations in Jordan and a research sample of 19 banks was used involving an inclusive field survey. For the unit of analysis, the study analysed information and data gathered through the questionnaire which was distributed to managers and other personnel involved in marketing at banks. Statistical methods used to analyse data and test hypotheses were frequency rates and percentages relevant to the questionnaire, standard deviations and means, and multiple regression analysis. The key results from the statistical analysis have shown that the Jordanian banking sector's adoption of the Internet has had an impact on the international clients' commitment towards the banks.

Healthcare-Internet of Things and Its Components

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-277
Author(s):  
Aman Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Iot Devices

Elderly population in the Asian countries is increasing at a very fast rate. Lack of healthcare resources and infrastructure in many countries makes the task of provding proper healthcare difficult. Internet of things (IoT) in healthcare can address the problem effectively. Patient care is possible at home using IoT devices. IoT devices are used to collect different types of data. Various algorithms may be used to analyse data. IoT devices are connected to the internet and all the data of the patients with various health reports are available online and hence security issues arise. IoT sensors, IoT communication technologies, IoT gadgets, components of IoT, IoT layers, cloud and fog computing, benefits of IoT, IoT-based algorithms, IoT security issues, and IoT challenges are discussed in the chapter. Nowadays global epidemic COVID19 has demolished the economy and health services of all the countries worldwide. Usefulness of IoT in COVID19-related issues is explained here.

‘Oh we can’t actually do anything about that’: The problematic nature of jurisdiction for online fraud victims

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Cross
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Online Fraud ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Step ◽  
State Territory

One of the most pressing challenges with policing online fraud relates to jurisdiction. Policing is traditionally based on territoriality, but the internet has changed this. Offenders in one country can target a victim in a second country, who is requested to send money to a third or fourth country. This article examines online fraud victims’ reporting to police. Specifically, it demonstrates the misconceptions that exist regarding jurisdiction, namely the relationship between the Australian Federal Police and state/territory police. A clear disconnect emerges between understandings and expectations of who can investigate what relating to online fraud. The Australian Cybercrime Online Reporting Network’s establishment in 2014 is a positive step but this has not fixed the issue entirely. Overall, the article argues that the jurisdictional challenges experienced by police are not understood by victims, and improvement is needed regarding awareness of victims and police alike, to reduce unnecessary, additional trauma to victims.

scholarly journals Research on Color Space Perceptions and Restorative Effects of Blue Space Based on Color Psychology: Examination of the Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3137
Author(s):  
Jiangjun Wan ◽  
Yawen Zhou ◽  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The People ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Color Psychology ◽  
Positive Effect

An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that blue space can promote the recovery of the human body, as does green space. However, the influence of blue space on the color space has been studied much less. Based on research on color psychology and healthy cities, the current study takes Yijie District of Dujiangyan City as the research object. Logistic regression models and the semantic differential method was used to explore residents’ perceptions of color space and their restorative ratings of blue space. This study describes the characteristics of the people visiting blue space, investigates whether the benefits brought about by blue space are related to the color space, and studies whether the surrounding colors in the blue space have a positive effect in promoting residents’ perceptions of pleasure. Based on residents’ choices of environmental pictures containing various colors, a color tendency map was constructed. The results revealed strong correlations between residents’ perceived pleasure and color space color collocation. Socio-demographic factors were found to affect the frequency of visiting blue space. Reasonable color planning is necessary for human health. Based on the study findings, relevant planning suggestions are proposed as a reference basis for waterfront space color planning.

Random changepoint segmented regression with smooth transition

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022096495
Author(s):  
Julio M Singer ◽  
Francisco MM Rocha ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pedroso-de-Lima ◽  
Giovani L Silva ◽  
Giuliana C Coatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Standard Software ◽  
Nonlinear Nature ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

We consider random changepoint segmented regression models to analyse data from a study conducted to verify whether treatment with stem cells may delay the onset of a symptom of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in genetically modified mice. The proposed models capture the biological aspects of the data, accommodating a smooth transition between the periods with and without symptoms. An additional changepoint is considered to avoid negative predicted responses. Given the nonlinear nature of the model, we propose an algorithm to estimate the fixed parameters and to predict the random effects by fitting linear mixed models iteratively via standard software. We compare the variances obtained in the final step with bootstrapped and robust ones.

scholarly journals Actors in the Emerging Internet of Things Ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Leminen ◽  
Mervi Rajahonka ◽  
Mika Westerlund
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Role Behavior ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This study investigates actors in the ecosystems of the Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research suggests that unstructured ecosystems make one of the greatest challenges for creating business models for the IoT. The present study concludes four contributions. First, the study reviews literature to develop a framework for role mechanisms in ecosystems and applies the framework to analyse data from fifteen interviews in six cases. Second, it identifies four diverse actor roles in IoT ecosystems: butterfly, ant and greenfly, spider, and the swarm of bees. Third, the study shows how actors take and make different roles in four emerging IoT ecosystems; product-, company-, industry-, and peer to peer ecosystems, which are structured in accordance with the identified actors' role behavior. Fourth, it suggests a new role pattern, role replication, where companies replicate their value designs and networks to other contexts.

Freedom of Network Society in a Social Security Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 234-255
Author(s):  
Joanna Grubicka
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Public Order ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
The Web ◽  
Do So

The purpose of this article is to reflect on what freedom of speech in the web is. In the age of universal freedom of access to the Internet, controversy is growing between supporters of full freedom and supporters of legal restrictions on the use of global Internet resources. Should the Internet be the space of unlimited freedom? Surprisingly enough, the answer to this question is not obvious, although intuitively one would like to answer in the affirmative. By definition, the Internet is an egalitarian tool of communication, a space for free creation and flow of content, for which the only limit is technology and human imagination, whose boundaries cannot be determined. The global network is a field completely unregulated and not bound by any rules. This situation is slowly changing and legislators and courts are beginning to set the boundaries of online proceedings. People posting content on the Internet must do so with precaution so as not to violate the limits of freedom of speech, especially in the field of broadly understood public security, crime, morality, public order, other people’s personal rights, and confidential information.

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