scholarly journals A different point of view: the evaluation of motor imagery perspectives in patients with sensorimotor impairments in a longitudinal study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabina Gäumann ◽  
Rahel Sarah Gerber ◽  
Zorica Suica ◽  
Jasmin Wandel ◽  
Corina Schuster-Amft
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Movement Type

Abstract Background Motor imagery (MI) has been successfully applied in neurological rehabilitation. Little is known about the spontaneous selection of the MI perspectives in patients with sensorimotor impairments. What perspective is selected: internal (first-person view), or external (third-person view)? The aim was to evaluate the MI perspective preference in patients with sensorimotor impairments. Methods In a longitudinal study including four measurement sessions, 55 patients (25 stroke, 25 multiple sclerosis, 5 Parkinson’s disease; 25 females; mean age 58 ± 14 years) were included. MI ability and perspective preference in both visual and kinaesthetic imagery modalities were assessed using the Kinaesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20), the body rotation task (BRT), and mental chronometry (MC). Additionally, patients’ activity level was assessed. Descriptive analyses were performed regarding different age- (< 45, 45–64, > 64), activity levels (inactive, partially active, active), and KVIQ-20 movement classifications (axial, proximal, distal, upper and lower limb). A mixed-effects model was used to investiage the relationship between the primary outcome (MI perspective: internal, external) with the explanatory variables age, MI modality (visual, kinaesthetic), movement type (axial, proximal, distal), activity levels and the different assessments (KVIQ-20, BRT, MC). Results Imagery modality was not a significant predictor of perspective preference. Over the four measurement sessions, patients tended to become more consistent in their perspective selection, however, time point was not a significant predictor. Movement type was a significant predictor: imagination of distal vs. axial and proximal vs. axial movements were both associated with preference for external perspective. Patients with increased physical activity level tend to use internal imagery, however, this effect was borderline not statistically significant. Age was neither a significant precictor. Regarding the MI assessments, the KVIQ- 20 score was a significant predictor. The patients with higher test scores tend to use the external perspective. Conclusion It is recommended to evaluate the spontaneous MI perspective selection to design patient-specific MI training interventions. Distal movements (foot, finger) may be an indicator when evaluating the consistency of the MI perspective in patients with sensorimotor impairments.

A Different Point of View: The Evaluation of Motor Imagery Perspectives in Patients With Sensorimotor Impairments in A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabina Gäumann ◽  
Rahel Sarah Gerber ◽  
Zorica Suica ◽  
Corina Schuster-Amft
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Mental Chronometry

Abstract BackgroundMotor imagery (MI) has been successfully applied in neurological rehabilitation. Little is known about the spontaneous selection of the MI perspectives in patients with sensorimotor impairments. What MI perspective is selected: internal (first- person view), or external (third-person view)? The aim was to evaluate the MI perspective preference in patients after stroke (STR), with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) or Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsIn a longitudinal study including four measurement sessions over two weeks, MI ability and MI perspective preference in both visual and kinaesthetic imagery modalities were assessed using the Kinaesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire including 20 items (KVIQ-20), mental rotation, and mental chronometry. Additionally, patients' activity level was assessed. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed regarding different age- (≤44, 45-63, 64≤) and activity levels (inactive, partially active, active), and KVIQ-20 movement classifications (axial, proximal, distal, upper and lower limb).ResultsIn total, 55 in- and outpatients (25 SRT, 25 MS, 5 PD; 25 females; mean age 58±14 years) were included. At the first measurement session, the mean mental rotation score was 27±4.1 out of 32. For mental chronometry, a congruency ratio of 1.0±0.3 was determined. The KVIQ-20 scores for the visual and kinaesthetic subscales were 62.4±16.2 and 58.2±17.2. The internal MI perspective was favoured in 66.5% on the visual subscale and in 72.7% on the kinaesthetic subscale. The external perspective was preferred in 30.3% on the visual subscale and in 26.5% on the kinaesthetic subscale. Over the four measurement sessions, patients became more consistent in their MI perspective selection. MI perspective changes occurred mainly during imagination of shoulder, arm and neck movements. During imagination of foot and finger movements their MI perspective was more constant. Results showed a tendency to use an external perspective in patients older than 64 years and in patients with a descreasing physical activity level. Axial and proximal movements were commonly imagined using the external perspective. ConclusionIt is recommended to evaluate the spontaneous MI perspective selection to design patient-specific MI training interventions. Distal movements (foot, finger) may be an indicator when evaluating the consistency of the MI perspective in patients with sensorimotor impairments. Trial registrationThis is a research project involving persons other than a clinical trial according to the Human Research Act other than clinical (non-clinical trial). Registered: EKNZ 2015-172, 19. Mai 2015

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Infusion of Glu-Plasminogen Concentrate in Patients with Hypoplasminogenemia

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 3498-3498
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Hardesty ◽  
Stacy Plum ◽  
Karen Thibaudeau ◽  
Martin Lee ◽  
Amy D. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Dose Escalation ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Plasminogen Deficiency

Abstract Background: Hypoplasminogenemia is a rare multisystem disease associated with fibrous deposition on mucous membranes throughout the body, primarily affecting the eyes, ears, sinuses, tracheobronchial tree, genitourinary tract, and gingiva. The best defined clinical manifestation of hypoplasminogenemia is ligneous conjunctivitis, which is characterized by thick, woody (ligneous) growths on the conjunctiva of the eye. Several genetic defects leading to plasminogen deficiency have been identified. Replacement therapy with exogenous plasminogen can achieve resolution of the lesions, but no approved replacement product is available. ProMetic BioTherapeutics, Inc. (ProMetic) is developing a lyophilized human Glu-plasminogen for systemic treatment of hypoplasminogenemia. No pharmacokinetic (PK) data for Glu-plasminogen in plasminogen-deficient patients are available in the literature. However, PK parameters may vary among patients, depending on mutation type or presence of active lesions. The current Phase I dose escalation study is being conducted to provide data on the pharmacokinetic profile and safety of this plasminogen product in patients with hypoplasminogenemia. Methods: Patients with hypoplasminogenemia (plasminogen activity level ≤40% of normal values) received a single IV infusion of 2 mg/kg of plasminogen as the first dosing cohort of a clinical study titled "A Phase 1, Dose Escalation, and Pharmacokinetic Study of ProMetic Plasminogen Administered as Intravenous Infusion in Adults and Children with Hypoplasminogenemia." The initial dose was chosen based on data generated in the GLP toxicology studies performed with the molecule. The product was supplied in 50 mL vials at a concentration of 6.3 mg/mL, which was reconstituted in 12.5 mL of sterile water for injection. The final concentration of reconstituted plasminogen was 5 mg/mL. Blood samples for PK analysis were taken 30 min prior to dosing, and then at 15 minutes, 1, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 168, and 216 hours after infusion. This data is part of a planned analysis after completion of cohort 1 including 5 individuals. Results: Five patients (1 male, 4 females), median age 24 (range 14-38) years received a mean (±SD) volume of 26.6 ± 5.2 ml of plasminogen solution, infused over 10 minutes. Plasminogen activity levels increased from a mean of 34.6 ± 3% to 70.4 ± 7.7% at 15 minutes and slowly decreased to a mean of 45 ± 5.9% at 48 hours (reference range, 70-130%). Plasminogen activity levels for individual patients are shown in Figure 1 below. PK parameters for plasminogen activity through 48 h are shown in Table 1 below. No adverse events considered possibly related to the product were reported following intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg plasminogen. At day 30 no patient exhibited antibodies to plasminogen. Conclusions: ProMetic's lyophilized Glu-plasminogen administered at 2 mg/kg can be given safely to patients with plasminogen deficiency. PK parameters after infusion of 2 mg/kg of plasminogen support moving forward with the next dosing cohort in the clinical trial (6 mg/kg). These data represent the first PK profiles for Glu-plasminogen in plasminogen-deficient patients. The half-life was 27.2 hours, compared with the half-life of 3-4 hours previously reported for Lys-plasminogen in plasminogen-deficient patients. Table 1. PK parameters for plasminogen activity after infusion of 2 mg/kg plasminogen solution in 5 patients with hypoplasminogenemia Geometric mean (95% CI) Half-life (h) 27.2 (16.2-45.7) Cmax (%) 35 (27-46) AUClast (h*%) 935 (683-1280) AUCINF (h*%) 1359 (797-2317) Vz (µg/%/kg)a 57.7 (47.7-69.8) Cl (µg/(h*%)/kg)a 1.47 (0.86-2.51) MRTlast (h) 17.5 (15.0-20.5) MRTINF (h) 38.1 (22.0-65.9) HL, half-life; AUClast, area under the curve up to last measurable concentration; AUCINF, AUC extrapolated to infinity; Vz, volume of distribution; Cl, clearance; MRTlast, mean residence time to the last sampling time; MRTINF, MRT extrapolated to infinity. aPK analysis was performed with plasminogen activity in %; therefore, units cannot be reduced. Figure 1. Plasminogen activity after infusion of 2 mg/kg plasminogen solution in 5 patients with hypoplasminogenemia Figure 1. Plasminogen activity after infusion of 2 mg/kg plasminogen solution in 5 patients with hypoplasminogenemia Disclosures Hardesty: Biogen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria; Prometic Biotherapeutics: Research Funding. Plum:ProMetic Biotherapeutics: Employment. Thibaudeau:ProMetic BioTherapeutics: Employment. Lee:ProMetic: Consultancy. Shapiro:ProMetic Life Science, Bayer Healthcare, Baxalta, Biogen, CSL Behring, Daiichi Sankyo, Kedrion Biopharma, Octopharma, OPKO, PTC Therapeutics, Selexys: Research Funding; Baxalta, Novo Nordisk, Biogen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Baxalta, Novo Nordisk, Biogen: Consultancy; Biogen: Speakers Bureau.

scholarly journals Do e-athletes move? A study on physical activity level and body composition in elite e-sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Akan Bayrakdar ◽  
Yağmur Yıldız ◽  
Işık Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Study Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of e-sports on physical activity level and body composition. Material and Methods.  The athletes who participated in the study were 19.92± 2.21 years of age, 1.73±0.04 m body height and 78.35±6.52 kg body weight. A total of 137 athletes participated in the study, including 27 from Turkey, 47 from South Korea and 63 from the United States (USA). The data was collected by e-mail from the sports clubs. The athletes who representing their country in international competitions involved in the study. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS program. Results.  According to the findings of the study, the body mass index (BMI) of e-sport athletes is 26.03±1.85, the number of physical activity steps is 6646±3400 and the daily e-sport hours are 9.34±1.12. The BMI was determined as USA 26.12, South Korea 26.02 and Turkey 25.84 respectively. The number of physical activity steps was identified as 5255 steps in the US, 7785 steps in South Korea and 7909 steps in Turkey. The daily e-sports hour is set at US 9.63 hours, Turkey 9.29 hours and South Korea 8.97 hours. In comparison of country-based athletes, there was a significant difference between physical activity level and daily e-sports hours at p<0.05. The value of BMI is not different. Although it is not statistically related to the physical activity level and BMI. There was no statistically significant relationship between daily e-sports hours and BMI and physical activity step counts. However, as the time of e-sports increases, BMI increases and the number of physical activity steps decreases. Conclusions.  As a result it is seen in the findings of the research that athletes dealing with e-sports are included in the fat group as a body composition and their daily physical activity steps are low. In addition, according to the results of the research, e-sports are thought to have negative effects on physical health. Thanks to the physical activity programs to be applied to these athletes, it is thought that their body composition and physical activity levels can be improved.

scholarly journals Effect of Seat Backrest Inclination on the Muscular Pattern and Biomechanical Parameters of the Sit-to-Stand

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège Tebbache ◽  
Alain Hamaoui
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters

Objectives: The sit-to-stand (STS) transfer mobilizes an extended part of the kinematic chain throughout a postural phase characterized by a flexion of the trunk and a focal phase consisting of a whole-body extension. The aim of this study was to analyze the variations of the global muscular pattern and the biomechanical parameters in both phases, in relation with seat backrest inclination.Methods: Fifteen participants were asked to stand up from a seat with 5 backrest inclination settings and at 2 execution speeds. The ground reaction forces and the activity levels of fifteen muscles of the trunk and lower limbs were investigated.Results: Backrest-induced modifications were mainly observed in the postural phase: inclining the backrest backward increased the phase duration and the activity level of the sternocleidomastoideus and the rectus abdominis, while it reduced the activity of the tibialis anterior. It also allowed for an increased maximal anteroposterior velocity of the body center of mass. Higher execution speed led to increased and earlier muscular activities of many trunk and lower limbs muscles, predominantly in the postural phase.Discussion: Taken together, these results suggest that a greater backrest inclination increases the demand in the postural phase due to the increase of the upper body gravity torque about the ischial tuberosities, and requires an adaptation of muscular activity levels and timing, but with the same overall pattern. The kinetic energy gained during the longer excursion of the trunk may also require less activation of the lower limbs muscles involved in the generation of propulsive forces of the body.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Associated With Drop Out From Sport in Norwegian Adolescents. A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Fossland Moa ◽  
Sveinung Berntsen ◽  
Pål Lagestad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Organized Sport

Several studies indicate that participation in organized sport may result in higher physical activity levels among youth which are associated with high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. However, no study has examined whether cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) is associated with drop out from sport. The study was a 5-year longitudinal study which followed a sample of adolescents, with measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, weight and height between the age of 14 and 19 yrs. Self-reported data about participation in sport, active commuting and physical activity level were also included. Through logistic regression analyses we found a positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness at the age of 14 years and participation in organized sport at the age of 19. However, no significant associations were found between physical activity (PA) level, overweight, gender and active commuting to school at the age of 14, and participation in organized sport at the age of 19. We argue that a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness may increase the probability for experiencing high levels of enjoyment, competence and performance in sport, because sport participation requires a certain level of cardiorespiratory fitness. The findings indicates the importance of removing barriers, and to increase access and design of sport programs of interest to youth in the contexts in which they live, attract adolescents with different levels of ambition and abilities in sport. Further studies should include longitudinal studies among young children, and their drop out patterns from sport during adolescence.

Integrating Focusing and Differentiation: A Therapeutic Path for Couples in Intimate Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Couples Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Emotional Healing ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Inner World

Continuing the workshop I've given in the WPC Paris (2017), this article elaborates my discussion of the way I interlace Focusing with Differentiation Based Couples Therapy (Megged, 2017) under the systemic view, in order to facilitate processes of change and healing in working with intimate couples. This article presents the theory and rationale of integrating Differentiation (Bowen, 1978; Schnarch, 2009; Megged, 2017) and Focusing (Gendlin, 1981) approaches, and its therapeutic potential in couple's therapy. It is written from the point of view of a practicing professional in order to illustrate the experiential nature and dynamics of the suggested therapeutic path. Differentiation is a key to mutuality. It offers a solution to the central struggle of any long term intimate relationship: balancing two basic life forces - the drive for individuality and the drive for togetherness (Schnarch, 2009). Focusing is a body-oriented process of self-awareness and emotional healing, in which one learns to pay attention to the body and the ‘Felt Sense’, in order to unfold the implicit, keep it in motion at the precise pace it needs for carrying the next step forward (Gendlin, 1996). Combining Focusing and Differentiation perspectives can cultivate the kind of relationship where a conflict can be constructively and successfully held in the inner world of each partner, while taking into consideration the others' well-being. This creates the possibility for two people to build a mutual emotional field, open to changes, permeable and resilient.

Scaffolds for Drug Delivery in Tissue Engineering

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas V. Gaikwad ◽  
Abasaheb B. Patil ◽  
Madhuri V. Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Heart Muscle Cells

Scaffolds are used for drug delivery in tissue engineering as this system is a highly porous structure to allow tissue growth.  Although several tissues in the body can regenerate, other tissue such as heart muscles and nerves lack regeneration in adults. However, these can be regenerated by supplying the cells generated using tissue engineering from outside. For instance, in many heart diseases, there is need for heart valve transplantation and unfortunately, within 10 years of initial valve replacement, 50–60% of patients will experience prosthesis associated problems requiring reoperation. This could be avoided by transplantation of heart muscle cells that can regenerate. Delivery of these cells to the respective tissues is not an easy task and this could be done with the help of scaffolds. In situ gel forming scaffolds can also be used for the bone and cartilage regeneration. They can be injected anywhere and can take the shape of a tissue defect, avoiding the need for patient specific scaffold prefabrication and they also have other advantages. Scaffolds are prepared by biodegradable material that result in minimal immune and inflammatory response. Some of the very important issues regarding scaffolds as drug delivery systems is reviewed in this article.

Presentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>

scholarly journals Transition from Emotional to Rational Advertising for Food Products on the Romanian Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
A.F. Jităreanu ◽  
Elena Leonte ◽  
A. Chiran ◽  
Benedicta Drobotă
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Brand Advertising ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Advertising helps to establish a set of assumptions that the consumer will bring to all other aspects of their engagement with a given brand. Advertising provides tangible evidence of the financial credibility and competitive presence of an organization. Persuasion is becoming more important in advertising. In marketing, persuasive advertising acts to establish wants/motivations and beliefs/attitudes by helping to formulate a conception of the brand as being one which people like those in the target audience would or should prefer. Considering the changes in lifestyle and eating habits of a significant part of the population in urban areas in Romania, the paper aims to analyse how brands manage to differentiate themselves from competitors, to reposition themselves on the market and influence consumers, meeting their increasingly varied needs. Food brands on the Romanian market are trying, lately, to identify new methods of differentiation and new benefits for their buyers. Given that more and more consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about what they eat and the products’ health effects, brands struggle to highlight the fact that their products offer real benefits for the body. The advertisements have become more diversified and underline the positive effects, from the health and well - being point of view, that those foods offer (no additives and preservatives, use of natural ingredients, various vitamins and minerals or the fact that they are dietary). Advertising messages’ diversification is obvious on the Romanian market, in the context of an increasing concern of the population for the growing level of information of some major consumer segments.

scholarly journals Later sleep timing predicts accelerated summer weight gain among elementary school children: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennette P. Moreno ◽  
Javad Razjouyan ◽  
Houston Lester ◽  
Hafza Dadabhoy ◽  
Mona Amirmazaheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
School Year ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Abstract Objectives and background Social demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children’s sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children’s sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods. Methods This was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of sleep midpoint, physical activity, and light exposure were estimated using wrist-worn accelerometry during the school-year (fall) and summer. To examine the effect of sleep parameters, physical activity level, and light exposure on change in BMI, growth curve modeling was conducted controlling for age, race, sex, and chronotype. Results Children’s sleep midpoint shifted later by an average of 1.5 h during summer compared to the school-year. After controlling for covariates, later sleep midpoints predicted larger increases in BMI during summer, (γ = .0004, p = .03), but not during the school-year. Sleep duration, sleep midpoint variability, physical activity levels, and sedentary behavior were not associated with change in BMI during the school-year or summer. Females tended to increase their BMI at a faster rate during summer compared to males, γ = .06, p = .049. Greater amounts of outdoor light exposure (γ = −.01, p = .02) predicted smaller increases in school-year BMI. Conclusions Obesity prevention interventions may need to target different behaviors depending on whether children are in or out of school. Promotion of outdoor time during the school-year and earlier sleep times during the summer may be effective obesity prevention strategies during these respective times.

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