scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer – a time trend analysis with German health insurance data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Tetzlaff ◽  
Jelena Epping ◽  
Juliane Tetzlaff ◽  
Heiko Golpon ◽  
Siegfried Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
German Population ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Abstract Background Lung Cancer (LC) is one of the most prevalent cancer diseases. Due to the lack of databases which allow the combination of information on individual socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer incidence, research on social inequalities in LC among the German population is rare. The aim of the study is to analyse time trends in social inequalities in LC in Germany. Methods The analyses are based on data of a large statutory health insurance provider. The data contain information on diagnoses, occupation and education (working age), and income (full age range) of the insurance population. Trends were analysed for two subpopulations (retirement age and working age) and stratified by sex. The analyses are based on incidence rates and proportional hazard models spanning the periods 2006–2009, 2010–2013 and 2014–2017. Results Incidence rates declined in men but increased in women. For men, inequalities were strongest in terms of income and the decline in incidence was most pronounced in middle- and higher-income men. Among women at retirement age, a reversed income gradient was found which disappeared in the second period. The educational gradient among the working-age population decreased over time due to the trend towards increasing incidence among individuals with higher education. Declining gradients were also found for occupational position. Conclusion The findings reveal considerable inequalities in LC and that trends vary with respect to SES, sex and age. Widening income inequalities were found in the retired population, while educational and occupational inequalities tend to narrow among the working-age population.

Pension Reform in Russia: Assessing the Susceptibility of GDP Production to a Shift in the Number of the Working-Age Population

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
T. P. Skufina ◽  
S. V. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Pension Reform ◽  
Fixed Capital ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
The Impact

The presented study considers the susceptibility of gross domestic product (GDP) production to a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in retirement age starting with 2019.Aim. The study aims to examine the quantitative assessments of GDP production in Russia with allowance for the changes in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the actual retirement age.Tasks. The authors forecast the number of the working-age population with allowance for an increase in the retirement age; develop a model to establish a correlation between the number of the workingage population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production; quantify the impact of the shift in the number of the working-age population on GDP production in Russia. Methods. This study is based on the results of modeling and long-term forecasting.Results. An economic-mathematical model to establish a correlation between the number of the working-age population, investment in fixed capital, and GDP production is presented. To specify the economic effects of a shift in the number of the working-age population due to an increase in the retirement age, Russia’s GDP production is forecasted for the “old” and “new” (increased retirement age) pension scheme. The forecast is provided for three variants of the number of the working-age population.Conclusions. It is found that with the “old” pension scheme with a lower retirement age GDP production across all three variants will decrease by 2036 compared to 2017. With regard to the “new” scheme that increases the retirement age, it is concluded that an increase in the retirement age is a factor that facilitates GDP production. However, its effect on economic growth will be insignificant.

Some Issues of Morbidity with Temporary Incapacity for Work in the Ural Federal District

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
AS Shastin ◽  
VG Gazimova ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
TS Ustyugova ◽  
TM Tsepilova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Working Age Population

Introduction: In the context of a decreasing size of the working-age population, monitoring of the health status and disease incidence in this cohort shall be one of the most important tasks of public and occupational health professionals. Health risk management for the working population in the Russian Federation requires complete and reliable data on its morbidity, especially in view of the fact that its average age demonstrates a stable growth. It is, therefore, crucial to have precise and consistent information about the morbidity of the working-age population. Objective: The study aimed to assess incidence rates of diseases with temporary incapacity for work in the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We reviewed data on disease incidence rates published by the Federal State Statistics Service in the Common Interdepartmental System of Statistical Information, Section 15.12, Causes of Temporary Disability, and Section 2.9.I.4, Federal Project for Public Health Promotion. The constituent entities under study were ranked according to the number of cases and days of temporary incapacity per 100 workers and E.L. Notkin scale was used to determine grade the incidence. The statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10 software. Long-term average values of certain indicators, median values, standard deviation (σ) and coefficients of variation were estimated. The difference in the indices was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Compared to 2010, incidence rates of diseases with temporary incapacity for work in the constituent entities of the Ural Federal District in 2019 demonstrated a significant decline. The sharp drop was observed in 2015. We also established that the Common Interdepartmental System of Statistical Information contains contradictory information on disease incidence. Conclusion: It is expedient to consider the issue of revising guidelines for organization of federal statistical monitoring of morbidity with temporary incapacity for work and to include this indicator in the system of public health monitoring.

scholarly journals Are there social gradients in the occurrence of lung cancer and in the survival of lung cancer patients? Findings from an observational study using German claims data of Lower Saxony

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036506
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schröder ◽  
Johannes Beller ◽  
Heiko Golpon ◽  
Siegfried Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
International Statistical Classification

ObjectivesOnly a few studies on health inequalities in terms of lung cancer are available. We examined whether social inequalities are present for the occurrence of lung cancer. Confining the analyses to patients, it was also examined whether survival over the observation period and over a standardised period of 18 months differed by occupational position and income.MethodsOur findings are based on claims data from a German statutory health insurance covering 2005–2016. The database comprised N=3 163 211 women (50.7%) and men (49.3%) aged 18 years and older. Diagnoses (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision: C34.0 to C34.9) were hospital-based, and income and occupational position were used as indicators of socioeconomic position. Analyses on social gradients were performed for employed and retired insured, but only for employed insured information on occupation and on income were available, for retired women and men only income was available. Analyses were performed by means of proportional hazard regression.ResultsIn employed women, social gradients for the occurrence emerged for occupational position, but not for income. In men, social differences were found for both indicators. For retired insured, income gradients were found in men. Looking at overall survival, neither in women nor in men social gradients emerged.ConclusionsThe reported social inequalities in the occurrence of lung cancer are pointing towards social differences in smoking behaviour, exposition to hazardous occupation-related substances and differences in preventive strategies. The absence of social inequalities in survival after lung cancer suggests equality in medical treatment of the disease.

scholarly journals Increasing prevalence of Addison's disease in German females: health insurance data 2008–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesine Meyer ◽  
Kathrin Neumann ◽  
Klaus Badenhoop ◽  
Roland Linder
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
German Population ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Insurance Data

ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate the epidemiology of autoimmune Addison's disease (AD) in Germany.DesignRoutine data were analyzed from the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) database of the Techniker Krankenkasse (TK) for an observation period from 01/01/2008 to 31/12/2012. The TK is one of the largest German health care insurance providers covering more than 10% of the German population.Subjects and methodsBetween 2008 and 2012, a total of 2477 diagnoses of primary adrenal failure were recorded in the SHI database. After exclusion of secondary, iatrogenic or other non-idiopathic forms and after adjustment for incomplete data sets, 1364 diagnoses of autoimmune-mediated AD remained.ResultsThe prevalence of AD in our cohort showed a steady increase from 82 per million in 2008 to 87 per million in 2012. On average, the prevalence rose about 1.8% per year, and due to a pronounced increase (2.7%) in females. The prevalence was lower in men (63–68 per million) than in women (96–108 per million). Autoimmune comorbidities were found in 46.5% of AD patients. Adrenal crises were documented with a frequency of 14–17/100 patient years.ConclusionsThese data provide a first epidemiological profile of this rare and perilous endocrine disease in Germany. Although the prevalence of AD appears lower than in the Scandinavian countries, the increasing figures in females over the last 5 years warrant further investigations. Furthermore, adrenal crises pose a considerable burden. Hereby, we can show that health insurance data provide a valuable tool for epidemiological studies in the absence of national registries.

Age-specific prevalence of diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany 2002 and projection to 2030

Lupus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1407-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brinks ◽  
R Fischer-Betz ◽  
O Sander ◽  
J G Richter ◽  
G Chehab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
German Population ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
Future Population

Objective The objective of this report is to estimate the prevalence and future number of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Germany. Methods Data from a representative sample of all insurants from the statutory health insurance in Germany comprising more than 2.3 million individuals have been screened for SLE diagnoses. The gender- and age-specific prevalence of SLE is calculated. The case definition is based on at least one recorded diagnosis of SLE during 2002. The stratum-specific prevalence is applied to the current and the future population of Germany in order to estimate and predict the number of people with SLE until 2030. Results The overall prevalence of diagnosed SLE in 2002 was 15.4 (95% CI: 13.1–17.9) and 55.4 (51.4, 59.8) per 100,000 in the male and female German population. This corresponds to an estimated 30,000 and 31,000 people with diagnosed SLE in 2002 and 2010, respectively. This number will slightly increase until 2020 and decrease thereafter. Conclusions Compared with health insurance data from France, the prevalence in our data is similar. Under the assumption that the gender- and age-specific prevalence of SLE in Germany will not change considerably, the number of cases in the next two decades will change only slightly.

scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY OF JAPAN IN THE LABOR MARKET FOR OLDER AND DISABLED PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Balakaeva ◽  
◽  
К. Shyntasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Basis

This article examines the state policy of Japan in the labor market for older and disabled people in the changing demographic situation associated with a decrease in the birth rate, an aging population and a reduction in the country's working-age population. Against the background of increasing social spending, the government is trying to solve the problem of labor shortages by increasing the employment of older people, of course on a voluntary basis. The government's measures are shown to increase the retirement age and to reduce the distance between the retirement age and the maximum permissible age of employment of employees (teinen). The data on changes in the structure of workers' employment after reaching teinen are presented. The policy of attracting disabled people to the labor market in order to improve their social status, improve living conditions and positively influence the economic situation is revealed. Both achievements and shortcomings in solving this issue are noted.

Age- and sex-specific first health care use for migraine in 2016 in children and adolescents from prospectively collected health insurance data in Germany

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Albers ◽  
Rüdiger von Kries ◽  
Andreas Straube ◽  
Florian Heinen ◽  
Mirjam N Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Care Use ◽  
German Population ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Migraine in children and adolescents is associated with significant disability and a high risk of persistence into adulthood. Objective Data on migraine incidence in children and adolescents are few and relatively coarse. To tailor interventions starting shortly after disease onset, detailed information on age- and sex-specific incidence of migraine in children and adolescents is needed. Methods We used health care data prospectively collected by the BARMER statutory health insurance, representing ∼11% of the German population. The incidence of migraine diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 code G43) in the year 2016 was assessed in subjects aged 0–19 years, who had been continuously insured with the BARMER between 2005 and 2016 or during their entire lifespan. Results Data from ∼1.2 million children and adolescents were available. The incidence of migraine diagnoses steadily increased with age, reaching ∼1% per year around the age of 10 for both sexes, and 3.49% per year in females and 1.72% per year in males at the age of 19. Incidences in males and females were similar up to the age of 13 and higher in females from there on. The proportion of incident migraine diagnoses specified as “definite” versus “probable” migraine increased with age. Conclusion The present study provides a representative estimation of the first documented health care use for migraine in children and adolescents in Germany within 1-year age bins, separately for boys and girls. These data will be helpful for tailoring early healthcare interventions to reduce disability and prevent migraine chronification.

scholarly journals Podaż pracy w Polsce – dotychczasowe tendencje i projekcje na przyszłość

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Kwiatkowski ◽  
Leszek Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Working Age Population

The scope of the paper refers to long- and medium-run trends of labour supply in Poland. The main purpose is to determine current trends in the labour supply and its projections till the year 2050. In the theoretical part of the paper determinants of labour supply are considered. The projections are based on the population forecasts till 2050 made by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO) and by the authors’ own simulations. Several variants of upper limit of working age and activity rates are taken into account. The population forecasts by the CSO indicate it will occur big decrease of working age population till 2050. The biggest decrease will refer to the group of working age 18–59/64 years and the lowest decrease in the age group 18–66 years. The analysis shows that the declines in labour supply in the years 2020–2050 will occur in all variants of working age population, the biggest decline in the variant assuming the age group 18–59/64 and the smallest decline – in the group 15–74 years. Retirement age is of big importance for the size of labour supply. This is why it is recommended to encourage older people to prolong their economic activity. It is also necessary to increase activity rates in the working age population.

scholarly journals HEALTH INEQUALITIES: WHO IS THE MOST DISADVANTAGED AMONG THE UKRAINIAN WORKING-AGE POPULATION?

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Ірина Мажак
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Gender Groups

Despite inequalities in health, it is a very well developed topic, andtackling health inequalities is one of the main challenges of modern publichealth policies, these are not much explored in Ukraine.The European Social Survey data pooled together from 2004, 2006,2008, 2010, and 2012 including 6,820 Ukrainian respondents of working-age.Self-reported health was used as a dependent variable and four groups ofsocial determinants of health – as predictors. The multilevel binomial logisticregression analysis was conducted to investigate gender and social differencesin subjective health. Both genders were analyzed together and separately.Almost 60 % of the Ukrainian working-age population reported poor health.Multilevel binomial logistic regression analysis showed that respondents whowere female, married or had been divorced, and had children at home tendedto report poor health; the probability of poor health is increasing with age anddecreasing with the level of SES for both genders.Existence of between and within gender groups’ social inequalities inself-reported health as well as the most disadvantaged female subgroups arerevealed among the Ukrainian working-age population.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing COVID-19 in the working age population – first results from a cohort study in Southern Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Björk ◽  
Malin Inghammar ◽  
Mahnaz Moghaddassi ◽  
Magnus Rasmussen ◽  
Ulf Malmqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
World Population ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
First Results ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Lower Effect ◽  
Working Age Population

AbstractBackgroundVaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 needs to be assessed in diverse real-world population settings.MethodsA cohort study of 805 741 residents in Skåne county, Southern Sweden, aged 18-64 years, of whom 26 587 received at least one dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Incidence rates of COVID-19 were estimated in sex- and age-adjusted analysis and stratified in two-week periods with substantial community spread of the disease.ResultsThe estimated vaccine effectiveness in preventing infection ≥7 days after second dose was 86% (95% CI 72-94%) but only 42% (95% CI 14-63%) ≥14 days after a single dose. No difference in vaccine effectiveness was observed between females and males. Having a prior positive test was associated with 91% (95% CI 85 to 94%) effectiveness against new infection among the unvaccinated.ConclusionA satisfactory effectiveness of BNT162b2 after the second dose was suggested, but with possibly substantially lower effect before the second dose.

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