scholarly journals Dynamic evolution of emphysema and airway remodeling in two mouse models of COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yang ◽  
Tingting Di ◽  
Zixiao Zhang ◽  
Jiaxin Liu ◽  
Congli Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Exposure Method

Abstract Background Establishment of a mouse model is important for investigating the mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we observed and compared the evolution of the pathology in two mouse models of COPD induced by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods One hundred eight wild-type C57BL/6 mice were equally divided into three groups: the (1) control group, (2) CS-exposed group (CS group), and (3) CS + LPS-exposed group (CS + LPS group). The body weight of the mice was recorded, and noninvasive lung function tests were performed monthly. Inflammation was evaluated by counting the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and measuring the expression of the IL-6 mRNA in mouse lung tissue. Changes in pathology were assessed by performing hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining of lung tissue sections. Results The two treatments induced emphysema and airway remodeling and decreased lung function. Emphysema was induced after 1 month of exposure to CS or CS + LPS, while airway remodeling was induced after 2 months of exposure to CS + LPS and 3 months of exposure to CS. Moreover, the mice in the CS + LPS group exhibited more severe inflammation and airway remodeling than the mice in the CS group, but the two treatments induced similar levels of emphysema. Conclusion Compared with the single CS exposure method, the CS + LPS exposure method is a more suitable model of COPD in airway remodeling research. Conversely, the CS exposure method is a more suitable model of COPD for emphysema research due to its simple operation.

scholarly journals Qufeng Xuanbi Formula ameliorates airway remodeling in asthmatic mice by suppressing airway smooth muscle cells proliferation through MEK/ERK signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohan Wang ◽  
Lingling Tang ◽  
Suofang Shi ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Xianhong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Erk Signaling ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protein Expressions

Abstract BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. Qufeng Xuanbi Formula (QFXBF), a Chinese herbal decoction, has shown efficiency for the management of asthma. The purpose of current study is to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of QFXBF for the treatment of asthma both in vitro and in vivo. MethodsPDGF-induced ASMCs proliferation model and MTT assay have been applied for exploring the effects of QFXBF on the proliferation of ASMCs. Moreover, 40 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, OVA group, High QFXBF group, Low QFXBF group, and dexamethasone (DEX) group (n = 8 per group). The mouse allergic asthma model has been established by intranasally administered ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization method. Morphological changes of the lung tissue have been examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson’s staining. Finally, the protein expressions of α-SMA, PCNA, p-MEK1/2, MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and ERK1/2 in ASMCs and lung tissue were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescent staining assays. ResultsPDGF induced significant increase in viability of ASMCs. Compared with mice in control group, the airway walls and airway smooth muscle of mice in OVA group mice thickened, and the inflammatory cells around the bronchus increased significantly. Moreover, administration of QFXBF markedly inhibited the proliferation of ASMCs and alleviated the pathologic changes induced by OVA. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, PCNA, and α-SMA were significantly increased in OVA-treated mice and PDGF-treated ASMCs. Finally, treatment of QFXBF also significantly decreased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, p-MEK1/2, α-SMA and PCNA. ConclusionQFXBF can inhibit the proliferation of ASMCs via suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling in PDGF-induced ASMCs and OVA-induced mice.

scholarly journals Lung Function and Respiratory Health of Populations Living Close to Quarry Sites in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6068
Author(s):  
Maysaa Nemer ◽  
Rita Giacaman ◽  
Abdullatif Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
At Home

Environmental exposure to dust from quarrying activities could pose health dangers to the population living nearby. This study aimed to investigate the health effects of dust exposure on people living close to quarry sites and compared them with those who live far from the quarry sites. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 79 exposed participants, who lived less than 500 m away from the quarry sites, and 79 control participants who lived more than 500 m away. All participants answered a questionnaire on dust exposure at home and health effects, as well as performed a lung function test in which both reported and measured health effects were investigated. People who live in close proximity to the quarry sites reported exposure to dust at home (98%), land destruction (85%), plant leaves covered with dust (97%), and an inability to grow crops (92%). The exposed group reported significantly higher eye and nasal allergy (22% vs. 3%), eye soreness (18% vs. 1%), and dryness (17% vs. 3%), chest tightness (9% vs. 1%), and chronic cough (11% vs. 0%) compared to the control group. Lung function parameters were significantly lower among the exposed group compared to the control group; mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 3.35 L vs. 3.71 L (p = 0.001), mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 2.78 L vs. 3.17 L (p = 0.001). Higher levels of airway restriction were found among the exposed group. Among the exposed group, lung function parameters worsened with the increasing closeness of home to the quarry site. This study demonstrates the negative health effects of environmental dust exposure among two communities living near quarry sites in Palestine. The results highlight the importance of developing and strictly enforcing rules and regulations in Palestine to protect population health.

scholarly journals Osteoprotegerin is elevated in pulmonary fibrosis and associates with IPF progression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Habibie ◽  
Kurnia S.S. Putri ◽  
Carian E. Boorsma ◽  
David M. Brass ◽  
Peter Heukels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Isolated Lung ◽  
Precision Cut Lung Slices

ABSTRACTOsteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), is used as a biomarker for assessing severity of liver fibrosis. However, its expression and role in pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. We hypothesized that OPG also has a role in pulmonary fibrosis.Human and mouse control and fibrotic lung tissue were used to examine OPG expression, and mouse precision-cut lung slices to study OPG regulation in pulmonary fibrosis. Serum from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and controls was analysed to investigate whether OPG levels correlate with disease status as measured by lung function.OPG-protein levels were significantly higher in mouse and human fibrotic lung tissue compared to control. OPG-mRNA and protein production were induced in mouse precision-cut-lung slices upon TGFβ stimulation and could be inhibited with galunisertib, a TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor. OPG-protein levels in fibrotic mouse lung tissue correlated with degree of fibrosis. Isolated lung fibroblasts from IPF patients had higher OPG-protein levels than control fibroblasts. Serum OPG levels in IPF patients, at first presentation, negatively correlated with diffusing capacity to carbon monoxide. Finally, serum OPG levels higher than 1234 pg/ml at first presentation were associated with progression of disease in IPF patients.In conclusion, OPG is produced in lung tissue, associates with fibrosis, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for IPF disease progression. Validation in a larger cohort is warranted to further explore the role of OPG in pulmonary fibrosis and its potential for assessing the prognosis of fibrotic lung disease in individual patients.Take home messageOsteoprotegerin is present in fibrotic lung tissue and high serum levels correlate with low lung function and IPF disease progression in this small study, indicating osteoprotegerin may have value as a biomarker to predict IPF progression

scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF FLAVONOID IN RED MULBERRY ON REDUCING FREE RADICALS AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES DUE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Dita Sukmaya Prawitasari ◽  
Indira Pradita Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals

Background. Free radicals in cigarette smoke will hurt health when they enter to the respiratory tract. An excessive increase of free radicals in the body will cause oxidative stress. Free radicals are generated physiologically by the body's metabolism and can neutralize antioxidants in the body. An imbalance number of free radicals will result in cell damage and death. It has characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the blood and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Giving red mulberry (Morus rubra) as an intake of antioxidants from outside the body can prevent adverse effects of cigarette smoke. Objective. This study analyses flavonoids' impact on red mulberry in reducing free radicals due to exposure to cigarette smoke by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages. Method. This research is experimental with a post-test control group design using male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) as experimental animals. Treatment of experimental animals through red mulberry per oral and exposure to cigarette smoke had conducted for 30 days. The parameters used were levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Results. The research showed an increase in free radicals in the group exposed to cigarette smoke. Increasing intake of red mulberry can further reduce malondialdehyde levels and the number of alveolar macrophages (p<0.05). Conclusions. The antioxidants in red mulberry can reduce malondialdehyde levels in the blood and the number of alveolar macrophages in lung tissue due to exposure to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals Andrographolide Inhibition of Th17-Regulated Cytokines and JAK1/STAT3 Signaling in OVA-Stimulated Asthma in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
YaJie Shi ◽  
Chang Shu ◽  
XuChun Ding ◽  
ShiPing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stat3 Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Clinical Syndromes

Asthma has long been considered a disease of airway inflammation. The excessive or prolonged production of inflammatory mediators can result in airway remodeling and severe clinical syndromes such as dyspnea or even apnea. Therefore, pharmaceutical intervention is required to restrain the excessive release of such inflammatory mediators in control of asthma. Novel therapeutics and mechanistic insight are sought for the management of this chronic inflammatory disease. Andrographolide (AG) is a type of diterpenoid ester compound and is reported to demonstrate multiple properties such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory capacity of AG by regulating immunologic function in airway of asthma has not been fully studied to date. Therefore, this study investigates whether AG is capable of suppressing the inflammatory response of asthma in OVA-stimulated mice and the mechanism by which this is achieved. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, OVA model group, OVA + AG (0.1 mg/ml) group, and OVA + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) group. The serum, BALF, and lung tissue of the mice were collected separately for the administration of ELISA, rt-PCR, western blot and pathological section and staining. We found that AG attenuated the OVA-induced production of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, and RORγt; inhibited the OVA-mediated phosphorylation of JAK 1 and STAT3; and alleviated airway remodeling and the neutrophil infiltration of lung tissue. We conclude that AG inhibits the inflammatory response of asthma in OVA-stimulated mice by blocking the activation of Th17-regulated cytokines and the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Burnout of the Mind – Burnout of the Body?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Traunmüller ◽  
Kerstin Gaisbachgrabner ◽  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Andreas R. Schwerdtfeger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Urinary Catecholamines ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Abstract. In the present paper we investigate whether patients with a clinical diagnosis of burnout show physiological signs of burden across multiple physiological systems referred to as allostatic load (AL). Measures of the sympathetic-adrenergic-medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were assessed. We examined patients who had been diagnosed with burnout by their physicians (n = 32) and were also identified as burnout patients based on their score in the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and compared them with a nonclinical control group (n = 19) with regard to indicators of allostatic load (i.e., ambulatory ECG, nocturnal urinary catecholamines, salivary morning cortisol secretion, blood pressure, and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]). Contrary to expectations, a higher AL index suggesting elevated load in several of the parameters of the HPA and SAM axes was found in the control group but not in the burnout group. The control group showed higher norepinephrine values, higher blood pressure, higher WHR, higher sympathovagal balance, and lower percentage of cortisol increase within the first hour after awakening as compared to the patient group. Burnout was not associated with AL. Results seem to indicate a discrepancy between self-reported burnout symptoms and psychobiological load.

Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

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