Effect of organic acids on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immunity of broiler chickens with and without coccidial challenge

AbstractA total of 360-day-old broiler chicks were allocated into six groups in 2 (Coccidial challenge or not) × 3 (dietary treatments) factorial design. Three dietary treatments including: basic diet, basic diet plus organic acids (OAs) in drinking water, and basic diet plus OAs in the feed with and without coccidial challenge. The OAs in water or feed improved (P < 0.01) average body weight (ABW), average body weight gain (ABWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control diet during starter, grower, and whole experimental period. Coccidial challenge decreased BW, ABWG, and average feed intake (AFI), as well as resulted in poor FCR during the starter and whole experimental period (P < 0.05). Though there was no interaction between OAs supplementation and coccidial challenge, the OAs supplementation improved the overall performance with and without coccidial challenge birds on 21 d and 35 d. IgG was found higher (P = 0.03) in broilers fed OAs in feed without the coccidial challenge group. On 18 d, OAs supplementation in feed increased TNF-γ (P = 0.006), whereas the coccidial challenge decreases TNF-γ (P = 0.01) and IL-10 (P = < .0001), and increases IgM (P = 0.03), IgG (P = 0.04) and IgA (P = 0.02). On 29 d, the coccidial challenge increases IgM and IgA. On 18 d, jejunal lesion score was found significantly higher in the coccidial challenged group as compared to OAs supplementation with coccidial challenged groups on 18 d (P < 0.0001) and 29 d (P = 0.03). Crypt depth was higher, and Villus-height to Crypt depth ratio was lower in the coccidial challenge group on 18 and 29 d. The Goblet cells were found higher in the non-coccidial challenge on 18 d. After 18 d, 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of ileal chyme has shown that coccidial challenge decreases Lactobacillus_reuteri species as compared to the non-challenged group (P = 0.02). After 29, Cyanobacteria abundance reduced (P = 0.014) in the challenged group than the non-challenged group at the phylum level. At the genus level, Lactobacillus (P = 0.036) and unidentified Cyanobacteria (P = 0.01) were found higher in the non-challenged group than the coccidial challenge group. The results indicate that the OAs supplementation showed improved responses in a pattern similar to the non-challenged control group by neutralizing the negative effects of the coccidial challenge.

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The Effects of Feed Color on Broiler Performance between Day 1 and 21

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1511

Author(s):

Joseph P. Gulizia ◽

Kevin M. Downs

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Two trials were conducted to determine feed color effects on broiler performance. A completely randomized design was used. Trial 1 included four treatments: control (complete broiler starter diet), red, green, and blue; and Trial 2 included four treatments: control, orange, yellow, and purple. Each trial had 4 treatments with 4 replicates (60 birds/treatment) fed to 240 male Cobb 500 broilers during a 21 d grow out. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure. In Trial 1, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, body weight gain, and feed consumption (p > 0.05). Adjusted feed conversion for control (1.23) was less than red (1.27; p = 0.001) and green (1.26; p = 0.009), with blue (1.25; p = 0.056) tending to be different during the experimental period. In Trial 2, there were no treatment effects on average body weight, feed consumption, and adjusted feed conversion during this study (p > 0.05). Body weight gain between d 1 to 14 for purple (490.78 g/bird) was more than orange (467 g/bird; p = 0.013) and yellow (461 g/bird; p= 0.004), with control (474 g/bird; p = 0.052) tending to be different. Results indicate that these feed colors had some, albeit limited, influence on broiler performance parameters.

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Quantitative characteristics of the carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats fed diets with two different energy levels

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000700024 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1565-1570 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Chacon Lisboa ◽

Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽

Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ◽

Roberto Germano Costa ◽

Rita de Cássia do Egypto Queiroga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Energy Level ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Carcass Yield ◽

Final Weight ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

Energetic Level ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative characteristics of carcasses of Moxotó and Canindé goats finished in feedlots and fed diets of two levels of energy. It was used 40 castrated young goats, 20 from Moxotó breed and 20 from Canindé breed, each one with an average body weight of 15.2 kg. The animals were fed with diets containing 2.20 and 2.71 (Mcal/kg DM). The experimental period lasted 86 days. There was no difference among the barometric measures of Moxotó and Canindé kids. Canindé goats showed higher final weight, higher weight after fasting and higher hot and cold carcass weights when compared to the Moxotó animals. Animals that consumed diets with higher energy level had higher final weight and conformation as well as higher carcass yield. Considering the percentage values of the commercial meat cuts, no difference among treatments was observed. The diet was the factor that most influenced the non-constituent components of the carcass of Moxotó and Canindé goats. In general, animals belonging to the Canindé breed presented higher quantitative characteristics than the Moxotó breed. Supply of diets with higher energetic level (2.71 Mcal/kg DM) for goats from Moxotó and Canindé breeds, in feedlots, favors the production of carcass with higher yields and heavier commercial meat cuts.

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Distiller’s dried grains with solubles (Zea mays L.) in feeding sheep on nitrogen balance

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3807 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 3807

Author(s):

Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽

Jocilaine Garcia ◽

Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽

Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽

Ilda De Souza Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Body Weight ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Latin Square ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with 0.0, 8.0, 16.0, and 24.0% distiller’s dried grain solubles (DDGS) on nitrogen (N) intake, fecal and urinary N excretion, and N absorption and retention (N balance, NB) by feeding sheep. Four sheep of unidentified race were used, with an average body weight of 23.5 ± 1.5 kg, and housed in metabolism cages. We used a 4 × 4 Latin square design for the experimental design, and each experimental period lasted for 20 days. Data on N intake (NI), fecal N, urinary N, absorbed N, and NB were expressed in g day-1; percentage of NI and grams per kilogram of metabolic weight g (kg0.75)-1 were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis at 5% probability. Inclusion of the different concentrations of DDGS in sheep diets had no effect on NI (mean of 15.11 g animal-1 day-1), nor on fecal and urinary N excretion (mean of 5.16 and 0.16 g animal-1 day-1, respectively). Moreover, DDGS supplementation did not alter NB or N absorption (mean of 9.79 and 9.95 g animal-1 day-1, respectively). Thus, it can be concluded that inclusion of up to 24% of DDGS in feed does not affect NI, fecal and urinary N excretion, and NB in sheep.

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Carcass traits and relative organ weights of growing rabbits fed graded levels of processed kola nut (Cola nitida) pod husks

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v46i5.248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 112-119

Author(s):

S. A. Adeyeye ◽

J. O. Agbede ◽

V. A. Aletor ◽

O. D. Oloruntola ◽

S. O. Ayodele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Control Diet ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Average Body ◽

Cola Nitida ◽

Average Body Weight

Carcass traits and relative organ weights of growing rabbits fed graded levels of processed (ash treated and rumen liquor fermented) kola nut (Cola nitida) pod husks (PKPH) were investigated. One hundred and twenty (120) weaner rabbits of mixed breeds (New-Zealand white × Chinchilla) of equal sexes and average body weight 525.46g were randomly allotted to four (4) dietary treatments at 0 (0.00 % PKPH), 10 (10 % PKPH), 20 (20 % PKPH), and 30 % (30 % PKPH) inclusion levels and designated as diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Each treatment group was replicated ten (10) times with three (3) rabbits per replicate and was fed ad-libitum for 56 days. The highest slaughter weight (1813.80 g/r), dressing weight (1068.70 g/r) and dressing percentage (58.54 %) recorded in rabbits fed diet 3 (20% PKPH) were similar to those fed the control diet (0 % PKPH) and diet 2 (10% PKPH) but was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed diet 4 (30 % PKPH). The lungs, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen of the rabbits fed dietary treatments were not significantly influenced. It was concluded that processed kolanut pod husk had no deleterious effect on carcass and relative organs weight of weaner rabbits.

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Hypoglycemic Effects of Spirulina (Spirulina Platensis) Leaves in Normal and Alloxan Diabetic Rat

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v7i3.51367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 475-479

Author(s):

Mohammad Saiful Islam ◽

Sujan Kumar Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Hypoglycemic effects was observed with Spirulina (Spirulinaplatensis) when given as leaf extract in normal and alloxan diabetic rat. In this study 150 rats were included and divided into three groups of ten rats in each group. First group was normal control (A), Second group was diabetic control (B), third group was diabetic with Spirulina treated (C). The rats were treated with aqueous extract of Spirulina at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight respectively for 3 weeks. During experimental period, day 0, day 7, day 14 and day 21 blood samples were collected from all groups and determined their blood sugar level using diabetic kit. The blood glucose levels were reduced from 165.5±10.65 mg/dL to 158.17±5.49 mg/dL in group C after 3 weeks treatment. On the other hand the average body weight were increased from 255.67±7.35 g to 286.17±8.56 g in group C after 3 weeks treatment. From the findings it is concluded that the Spirulina can be used as anti-diabetogenic agent in food. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 475-479, December 2020

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THE EFFECTS OF PHYTASE SUPPLEMENTATIONS IN PREDICTING THE NON-PHYTATE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF BROILERS IN STARTER PHASE

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.12200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Rateh Wulandari ◽

Ferry Poernama ◽

Zuprizal Zuprizal ◽

Nanung Danar Dono

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Phytate Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Different Levels ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period. This study was aimed to observe the requirements of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) with phytase supplementation in starter phase broiler. A total number of 1000 broiler (500 males and 500 females) were divided into 5 dietary treatments for 21 days rearing period. The treatment diets (P1-P5) were basal diets with 0.67% Calcium (Ca) and 60 FTU phytase that combined with NPP at different levels, i.e.: 0.420% (P1); 0.345% (P2); 0.270% (P3); 0.195% (P4); 0.120% (P5). The basal diet was a corn-soybean based diet that contained 0.097% Ca and 0.124% Phosphorus (P). The data were subjected to a one-way ANOVA using complete randomized design. Response variables that observed in current study were: feed intake, nett gain, feed convertion ratio, average body weight, mortality and toe ash. Measurement of responses due to the reduction of NPP supplementation on average body weight and toe ash were then followed subsequently by generating equation for quadratic curve y = ax2+bx+c to determinate the NPP requirement. Determination of the maximum response was done through ymaks = -b/2a. Results showed that based on average body weight, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation were 0.317% for the 0-10 days; 0.314% for the 11-21 days; and 0.315% for the the 0-21 days rearing periods. Based on toe ash content, estimation of NPP requirement with phytase supplementation was 0.990% (toe) for the 21 days rearing period.

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THE EFFECT OF (Morinda citrifolia L.) MEAL IN DIET ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.2.1.21-27 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Yosi Fenita

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Levels ◽

Effect Of Feeding ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The objective of the research was to evaluate to effect of feeding mengkudu on performances of broilers. The research design used was completely randomized design. One hundred broilers were distributed into five treatments. The treatments were different levels of mengkudu meal (0, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25 % and 3%). The observed measured were feed consumption, average body weight (gain) and feed conversion. Results showed that feeding mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) no effect significant (P>0.05) on feed consumption, average body weight and feed conversion. In conclusion, feeding mengkudu meal up to 3% (in diet) does not negatively affect feed consumption, average body weight, and feed conversion.

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Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10040703 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 703

Author(s):

Jae-Cheol Jang ◽

Kwang Kim ◽

Young Jang ◽

Yoo Kim

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Villus Height ◽

Crypt Depth ◽

Intestinal Integrity ◽

Weaning Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

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Early sex determination of Turkey by observation of differences in body weight between male and female

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v31i3.52126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 218-226

Author(s):

S Akter ◽

SC Das ◽

AS Apu ◽

T Ahmed ◽

A Lahiry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Male And Female ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Commercial Broiler ◽

Percent Accuracy ◽

Similar Body ◽

Black Color ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

The present study was conducted to determine the early sex in turkeys by observation of the differences in body weight between male and female birds. A total of 30-day old black color unsexed poults having almost similar body weight at hatching were considered for the experimentation and housed at the Poultry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh. All birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age under intensive management with supplementation of commercial broiler starter and grower feeds. Birds were reared under similar management conditions. Significantly higher (p<0.01) body weight was attained in male poults (104g/bird) than the female (90g/bird) at the end of 1st week of age. Similarly, at the end of 2nd week of age higher (p<0.01) body weight attained by male poults (198.31g/bird) than the female (162.13g/bird). At the end of 3rd weeks of age male poults attained higher (p<0.01) body weight (307.23g/bird) than the female (251.33g/bird). After 4 weeks of rearing, male turkeys attained significantly higher (p<0.01) live body weight (424.46g/bird) than the female turkeys (347.87g/bird). The weekly average body weight gains of male and female birds were 94.18g/bird and 76.5g/bird, respectively. Thus, the male and female birds were successfully identified on the basis of differences in their body weight. Weekly feed intake for both the male and female birds was also increased with their age. Up to 4 weeks of age, both the male and female poults consumed same amount of feed (753.46g/bird). The FCR of male and female poults differed non-significantly in 1st, 3rd and 4th week. On the contrary, in 2nd week of age the FCR of male poults (1.60) was significantly lower (p<0.01) than female (2.11). Survivability was 100% up to 4th week of age irrespective of sex of the poults. The birds were reared up to 12 weeks of age until to confirm their sex by observation of the phenotypic appearance. Results of the phenotypic observation of male and female birds correspondence hundred percent accuracy with the results obtained in body weight based differences between male and female birds. It is therefore concluded that farmers can identify male or female poults as early as first week of age on the basis of body weight differences. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 218-226, 2020

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INTERAKSI GENOTIPE DENGAN LINGKUNGAN, ADAPTABILITAS, DAN STABILITAS PENAMPILAN FENOTIPIK EMPAT VARIETAS UNGGUL IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.10.1.2015.1-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Didik Ariyanto ◽

Nunuk Listiyowati

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Genetic Factor ◽

Environment Factors ◽

Pelleted Feed ◽

Environment Factor ◽

Net Cages ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

Penampilan fenotipik suatu organisme ditentukan oleh faktor genetik dan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan tempat organisme tersebut hidup. Dalam beberapa kasus, interaksi antara faktor genetik dengan lingkungan juga berpengaruh terhadap penampilan fenotipik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi antara faktor genetik dengan lingkungan, daya adaptabilitas dan stabilitas penampilan fenotipik khususnya bobot individu pada empat varietas unggul ikan nila yang dipelihara di tiga lokasi berbeda. Ikan nila varietas GMT, merah NIFI, NIRWANA dan BEST dipelihara di tambak payau di Indramayu, kolam air tenang di Sukamandi dan karamba jaring apung di Waduk Cirata, Kabupaten Cianjur, selama empat bulan pemeliharaan. Benih ikan nila diberi pakan pelet komersial dengan kandungan protein kasar 28%-30%, sebanyak 10%; 7,5%; 5%; dan 2,5% dari biomassa ikan masing-masing pada bulan pertama, kedua, ketiga, dan keempat. Pakan diberikan dengan frekuensi dua kali setiap hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot ikan nila secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan, serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut. Selain ikan nila GMT, tiga varietas ikan nila yang diuji mempunyai adaptabilitas lingkungan relatif sempit, serta stabilitas penampilan fenotipik karakter bobot individu relatif rendah. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengembangan budidaya ikan nila GMT dapat dilakukan di semua lokasi, sedangkan ikan nila merah NIFI, NIRWANA, dan BEST akan optimal jika dilakukan di lokasi tertentu saja.Phenotypic performance was determined by genetic and environment factors and their interaction. This study was conducted to examinethe present of interaction both of genetic and environment factors, adaptability, and stability of phenotypic performance of four varieties of tilapia which maintained in three different location. GMT, red NIFI, NIRWANA, and BEST tilapia strains were reared for four months in net cages in Cirata reservoir in Cianjur, in earthen ponds in Sukamandi and in brackish water ponds in Indramayu. All fish were fed with commercial pelleted feed contained of crude protein 28%-30%, about 10%, 7.5%, 5%, and 2.5% each day in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th month, respectively. The results showed that tilapia’s phenotipic performance especially the average body weight was significantly affected by genetic factor, environment factor, and interaction both of them factors. Except the GMT, all tilapia strains used in this study have narrow phenotypic adaptability and stability, especially in average body weight. This results indicated that GMT tilapia strain can be farmed in various areas, but red NIFI, NIRWANA, and BEST tilapia strains are most likely in a specific location.

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