scholarly journals The global, regional, and national burden of kidney cancer and attributable risk factor analysis from 1990 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianguang Bai ◽  
Ming Yi ◽  
Bing Dong ◽  
Xinhua Zheng ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Kidney cancer’s incidence and mortality vary in different regions and countries. To compare and interpret kidney cancer’s burden and change trends in the globe and in different countries, we conducted this study to report the global kidney cancer burden and attributable risk factors. Methods Data about kidney cancer’s incidence, death, disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases 2017. Besides, social-demographic index (SDI) values were adopted to investigate the correlation between kidney cancer’s burden and social development degrees. Results In the globe, the incidence case of kidney cancer increased sharply from 207.31*103 in 1990 to 393.04*103 in 2017. High SDI countries had the highest kidney cancer’s burden with a decreased trend in incidence rate. On the contrary, the incidence rate was rapidly increased in low-middle SDI countries, although their burden of kidney cancer kept relatively low. At the same time, the deaths of kidney cancer increased from 68.14*103 to 138.53*103, and the kidney cancer-related DALYs increased from 1915.49*103 in 1990 to 3284.32*103 in 2017. Then, we searched the GBD database for kidney cancer-related risk factor. The high body-mass index and smoking were the main factors contributing to kidney cancer-related mortality. Conclusions Generally, from 1990 to 2017, the incidence rate in developed countries had gone down from the historic peak values while the incidence rate was still on the rise in developing counties. Given the aging trend in the globe, it is necessary to appeal to the public to decrease the exposure of kidney cancer-associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Global, regional, and national burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers and their attributable risk factors, 1990–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zi ◽  
Shao-Hua He ◽  
Xie-Yuan Leng ◽  
Xiao-Feng Xu ◽  
Qiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
High Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Background The burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years. Methods We extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). The associations between cancers burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) were also analyzed. Results Compared with 1990, the global incident cases in 2019 were higher by 154.78%, 123.34%, and 169.11% for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. During the 30-year study period, there was a downward trend in ASMR and ASDR for bladder cancer (EAPC = − 0.68 and − 0.83, respectively) and prostate cancer (EAPC = − 0.75 and − 0.71, respectively), but an upward trend for kidney cancer (EAPC = 0.35 and 0.12, respectively). Regions and countries with higher SDI had higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs for all three types of cancers. The burden of bladder and prostate cancers was mainly distributed among older men, whereas the burden of kidney cancer increased among middle-aged men. Smoking related mortality and DALYs decreased, but high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) related mortality and DALYs increased among kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers during the study period. Conclusions Kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers remain major global public health challenges, but with distinct trend for different disease entity across different regions and socioeconomic status. More proactive intervention strategies, at both the administrative and academic levels, based on the dynamic changes, are needed.

Knowledge, awareness and perceptions of diabetes mellitus among the Saudi population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
Muhammad H Mujammami ◽  
Abdulaziz A Alodhayani ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim AlJabri ◽  
Ahmad Alhumaidi Alanazi ◽  
Sultan Sayyaf Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: High prevalence of undiagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased over the last two decades, most patients with DM only become aware of their condition once they develop a complication. Limited data are available regarding the knowledge and awareness about DM and the associated risk factors, complications and management in Saudi society. Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge of DM in general Saudi society and among Saudi healthcare workers. Results: Only 37.3% of the participants were aware of the current DM prevalence. Obesity was the most frequently identified risk factor for DM. Most comparisons indicated better awareness among health workers. Conclusion: A significant lack of knowledge about DM in Saudi society was identified. Social media and educational curriculum can improve knowledge and awareness of DM.

Characteristics of Hepatitis B virus induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Mahmoud Fathy Barakat ◽  
Khalid Mahmoud AbdAlaziz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mahmoud El Tabbakh ◽  
Mohamed Kamal Alden Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the United States, HCC is the ninth leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advances in prevention techniques, screening, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, incidence and mortality continue to rise. Cirrhosis remains the most important risk factor for the development of HCC regardless of etiology. Hepatitis B and C are independent risk factors for the development of cirrhosis. Alcohol consumption remains an important additional risk factor in the United States as alcohol abuse is five times higher than hepatitis C. Diagnosis is confirmed without pathologic confirmation. Screening includes both radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and serological markers such as αfetoprotein at 6-month interval. Aim To compare characteristics and behavior of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HCV patients and HVB patients Patients and Methods The current study was conducted on patients with de HCC presented at HCC clinic, Tropical medicine department Ain Shams University Hospitals between December 2017 and D ecember 2018, aged (18-70 years old) . Results eline characteristics of study population shown in Table 1 at enrolment, including gender, Education status, co-morbidity, underlying presence or absence of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh class of patients infected with viral hepatitis, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. Male proportion observed to be predominant in both HCV (62%) and HBV (75.4%) infected HCC population. Overall prevalence of HCV and HBV in patients having HCC was 65.95% and 34.04%, respectively. Presence of underlying liver cirrhosis was more significantly associated with HCV seropositives as compared to HBV seropositive patients (p0.05). Table 2 shows comparison of means between HCV and HBV seropositive patients with HCC. In univariate analysis, mean age difference (11.6 years), and total bilirubin levels (-1.91mg/dl) were the only statistically significant observations noted among HCV-HCC group (p = 0.05) Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma is mainly caused by Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses, but latter showed predominance, comparatively worldwide and correlated HBV directly as a cause of HCC rather than HCV whose relation with HCC is still unclear (Shepard et al., 2006; Di Bisceglie, 2009). Because of the geographical differences and risk factors, the epidemiological burden of HCV and HBV has been observed different in different areas of the world. In developing countries due to high burden of HCV infection as compared to HBV such as in Taiwan (HCV 17.0%, HBV 13.8%) (Kao et al., 2011), Guam (HCV 19.6%, HBV 18%) (Haddock et al., 2013), and Pakistan (HCV 4.8%, HBV 2.5%) (Rehman et al., 1996; Raza et al., 2007; Qureshi et al., 2010; Butt et al., 2012;) will possibly

Global Burden and Attributable Risk Factors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990-2019: Estimation Based on Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefen Hu ◽  
Xiuping Zhang ◽  
Aijun Zhang ◽  
Yu Hou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Purpose: To provide a foundational guideline for policy-makers to efficiently allocate medical resources in the context of population aging and growth, a latest spatial distribution and temporal trend of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) along with attributable risk factors by sex and age were mapped.Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values to quantify temporal trends in morbidity and mortality of ALL. We used applied Spearman rank correlation to estimate the relationship between the EAPC and potential influence factors. The population attributable fraction of potential risk factors for ALL-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were estimated by the comparative risk assessment framework. Results: We found that new ALL cases increased significantly by 129% worldwide, and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 1.61 percent per year. The proportion of elder patients sharply increased, especially within the higher socio-demographic index (SDI) region. Smoking and high body mass index remained the predominant risk factors for ALL-related mortality. Notably, the contribution of high body mass index presented an increasing trend. Conclusion: The global burden of ALL has steadily increased, especially in middle SDI region. Health measures should be taken into consideration to improve the treatment of elders with ALL due to a great proportion in the higher SDI region. Attention should be paid to the environmental problems caused by industrial development in low SDI areas.

Abstract P207: Incidence of Hypertension in Colombia Similar to That Observed Decades Ago in Developed Countries: An Observation From the Chicamocha Cohort Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Villar ◽  
Luz X Martínez ◽  
Yeny Z Castellanos ◽  
Skarlet M Vásquez ◽  
Víctor M Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact

Background: Overweight is a modifiable risk factor for high blood pressure (BP). Despite the increasing prevalence of both conditions in the Latin American population, there are no estimates of either the incidence of hypertension or the impact of overweight on it that inform the design and evaluation of individual and community-based preventive interventions in the region. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a sample of normotensive, blood donors from Bucaramanga, Colombia, who were free of transfusion-transmitted infectious and cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Participants were re-evaluated after a median follow-up of 12 years to determine the incidence of hypertension defined as: 1) Self-reported diagnosis with evidence of pharmacological treatment; 2) Systolic BP >140 mmHg or diastolic BP >90 mmHg (average of two measures in seated position); or 3) Current systolic/diastolic BP >120/80 mmHg with evidence of increments >10/5 mmHg from baseline. We estimated crude incidence rates of hypertension and age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for baseline overweight (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) using Cox regression analysis. The population attributable fraction (PAF) for overweight was also assessed. Results: We followed 594 participants (baseline mean age = 38.0 years; 64% male; adherence rate = 78%) at risk of hypertension among which we observed 164 incident cases: Cumulative incidence of 27.6%; incidence rate of 23.4 cases per 1,000 person-years. Incidence rate was similar in men and women (23.4 vs. 23.2 per 1,000 person-years; p>0.05) and tended to increase with age (17.4, 21.2, and 27.8 per 1,000 person-years among participants <30, 30-39, and ≥40 years old, respectively; p>0.05). Participants with overweight at baseline had twice the risk of developing hypertension than participants with normal weight (adjusted-HR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.11, 3.61). The estimated PAF was 25.7%, considering a national prevalence of overweight equal to 34.6%. Conclusion: The incidence of hypertension in our study is similar to that reported two decades ago in cohorts from developed countries, which is consisting with the ongoing epidemiological transition in Latin America. We also confirmed the role of overweight as a risk factor for hypertension, accounting for about 1 out 4 incident cases. This finding highlights the importance of addressing overweight in our population.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of prostate and kidney cancer in the Aboriginal population of Canada: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chu Lee Wong ◽  
Anil Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Reported Data

Introduction: Prostate and kidney cancer rates in the Aboriginal population of Canada is a growing issue.Methods: A systematic review of prostate and kidney cancer epidemiology in the Aboriginal population of Canada was performed with international comparison and evaluation of present epidemiological disparities. PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from January 1946 to June 2016), relevant government-published reports, and the websites of organizations contributing to prostate or kidney cancer guidelines were searched. We included studies that informed any of the three epidemiological questions this review is focused on answering. Results: Two systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, five literature reviews, and 21 single-study papers were included. The incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer were elevated among Canadian Aboriginals when compared to the provincial or national population and to several international regions. No studies reported data on survival. Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates were lower in Aboriginals provincially, nationally, and internationally, with incidence and survival reaching statistical significance. Elevated rate of risk factors for kidney cancer was a significant finding among Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were screened for prostate cancer less than the general Canadian population, a trend also observed in the U.S.Conclusions: The elevated incidence and mortality of kidney cancer among Canadian Aboriginals is most likely attributable to the rise in lifestyle-based risk factors. Two correlations concerning prostate cancer are made. However, due to temporal and regional disparities in data, further investigation is required to elucidate these observations.

scholarly journals Is migraine a risk factor for pediatric stroke?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 1252-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A Gelfand ◽  
Heather J Fullerton ◽  
Alice Jacobson ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Peter J Goadsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke Risk ◽  
Post Hoc

Importance Our understanding of risk factors for childhood stroke is incomplete. In adults, migraine with aura is associated with a two-fold increase in ischemic stroke risk. Objective In this cohort study we examine the association between migraine and stroke among children in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC). Design, setting, and participants Children ages 2–17 years who were members of KPNC for ≥6 months between 1997 and 2007 were included. Migraine cohort members had one or more of: an ICD-9 code for migraine, migraine listed as a significant health problem, or a prescription for a migraine-specific medication. The comparison group was children with no evidence of headache. Main outcome measures Main outcome measures included stroke incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IR). Results Among the 1,566,952 children within KPNC during the study period, 88,164 had migraine, and 1,323,142 had no evidence of headache. Eight migraineurs had a stroke (three (38%) hemorrhagic; five (63%) ischemic). Eighty strokes occurred in children without headache (53 (66%) hemorrhagic; 27 (34%) ischemic). The ischemic stroke incidence rate was 0.9/100,000 person-years in migraineurs vs. 0.4/100,000 person-years in those without headache; IR 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–5.2). A post-hoc analysis of adolescents (12–17 years) showed an increased risk of ischemic stroke among those with migraine; IR 3.4 (95% CI 1.2–9.5). The hemorrhagic stroke incidence rate was 0.5/100,000 person-years in migraineurs and 0.9/100,000 person-years in those without headache; IR 0.6 (95% CI 0.2–2.0). Conclusions There was no statistically significant increase in hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risk in pediatric migraineurs in this cohort study. A post-hoc analysis found that ischemic stroke risk was significantly elevated in adolescents with migraine. Future studies should focus on identifying risk factors for ischemic stroke among adolescent migraineurs. Based on adult data, we recommend that migraine aura status should be studied as a possible risk factor for ischemic stroke among adolescent migraineurs.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis of Factors Affecting COVID-19 Case and Death Rate in U.S. Counties: The Significant Effects of Black Race and Temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Y. Li ◽  
Theodore C Hannah ◽  
John Durbin ◽  
Nickolas Dreher ◽  
Fiona M McAuley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Access To Primary Care

AbstractObjectivesCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world, and many risk factors including patient demographics, social determinants of health, environmental variables, underlying health conditions, and adherence to social distancing have been hypothesized to affect case and death rates. However, little has been done to account for the potential confounding effects of these factors. Using a large multivariate analysis, this study illuminates modulators of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in U.S. counties while controlling for risk factors across multiple domains.MethodsData on COVID-19 and various risk factors in all U.S. counties was collected from publicly available data sources through April 14, 2020. Counties with at least 50 COVID-19 cases were included in case analyses and those with at least 10 deaths were included in mortality models. The 661 counties meeting inclusion criteria for number of cases were grouped into quartiles and comparisons of risk factors were made using t-tests between the highest and lowest quartiles. Similar comparisons for 217 counties were made for above average and below average deaths/100,000. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent effects of factors that significantly impacted cases and deaths.ResultsUnivariate analyses demonstrated numerous significant differences between cohorts for both cases and deaths. Risk factors associated with increased cases and/or deaths per 100,000 included increased GDP per capita, decreased social distancing, increased age, increased percent Black, decreased percent Hispanic, decreased percent Asian, decreased health, increased poverty, increased diabetes, increased coronary heart disease, increased physical inactivity, increased alcohol consumption, increased tobacco use, and decreased access to primary care. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated Black race is a risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcome independent of comorbidities, poverty, access to health care, and other mitigating factors. Lower daily temperatures was also an independent risk factor in case load but not deaths.ConclusionsU.S. counties with a higher proportion of Black residents are associated with increased COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, the various suggested mechanisms, such as socioeconomic and healthcare predispositions, did not appear to drive the effect of race in our model. Counties with higher average daily temperatures are also associated with decreased COVID-19 cases but not deaths. Several theories are posited to explain these findings, including prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Additional studies are needed to further understand these effects.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors in rural areas: case of the Mabayi health district hospital in Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Eugène Ndirahisha ◽  
Patrice Barasukana ◽  
Joseph Nyandwi ◽  
Sébastien Manirakiza ◽  
Rhamadhan Nyandwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Relevance . Noncommunicable diseases are a serious public health problem due to their high incidence and mortality rate. Globally, noncommunicable diseases cause 41 million deaths every year, accounting for 71% of the total number of deaths. Cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 44% of all noncommunicable diseases, are the leading causes of death. Early identification of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and treatment of associated diseases are a prerequisite for maintaining the health of the population. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients living in rural areas of the mountainous region and attending the Mabayi District Hospital in Burundi. Patients and Methods . An open-label retrospective study conducted at the Mabayi District Hospital in Burundi from January 2014 to December 2017. The study included patients whose medical examination revealed at least one risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kamenge University Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Burundi. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Word 2007 and Epi-Info TM 7.2.1.0 software. Results and Discussion . Among the 20 297 examined patients, the average age was 50 16.7 years, the extreme values were 14 and 101 years. Male patients accounted for 51.1%. 903 patients (4.5%) had at least one risk factor. The main risk factors were high blood pressure (52.6%), diabetes (42.0%) and alcohol abuse (27.4%). Conclusion . Residents of rural areas of the mountainous region of Burundi have a high frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which must be taken into account when organizing medical and preventive measures to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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