scholarly journals A new reinforcement method for the conservation of fragile, double-sided, printed paper cultural relics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Huiping Xing ◽  
Juanli Wang ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Mesh Reinforcement ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cultural Relics

AbstractPaper cultural relics such as double-sided printed newspapers and periodicals represent modern cultural heritage. Severe damage such as embrittlement, decay, and dreg generally occur to paper; hence, it urgently needs conservation and restoration. Therefore, herein, a new reinforcement method for the fragile double-sided printed paper cultural relics is proposed with cotton mesh and adhesive PVA217 as reinforcement materials. Using a computer measured and controlled folding endurance tester, a pendulum tensile strength tester, pH meter, pulp viscosimeter, and other instruments, the physical properties of newspaper samples before and after aging were evaluated. In addition, the mechanical properties, chromatic aberration and surface morphology of simulated samples before and after the cotton mesh reinforcement and Japanese washi paper reinforcement were assessed. The experimental results indicate that this new reinforcement method could effectively improve the physical strength, chromatic aberration and durability of the simulated samples. Widespread applications of this cotton mesh reinforcement method for the reinforcement and protection of the red revolutionary cultural relics such as double-sided printed newspaper and periodicals during the Republic of China era are foreseeable.

scholarly journals A New Method for Conservation of Ancient Colored Drawing on Hemp Textiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Liu ◽  
Yuhu Li ◽  
Huiping Xing ◽  
Daodao Hu ◽  
Xiaolian Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Conservation Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wet Heat ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Restoration And Protection ◽  
Cultural Relics

Abstract As a kind of textile, hemp artifact is a valuable cultural heritage. Suffering from several degradation factors in the preservation of cultural relics, some ancient hemp colored-paintings have been damaged, further affected their ornamental values. Therefore, it is urged to take the suitable conservation measures to protect the precious hemp artifacts for the historical culture succession. In this paper, an examination and analysis of the hemp colored paintings were the first step to propose an appropriate conservation treatment. Ultra-depth-of-field microscope was used to identify the kinds of fiber, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to observe their condition and surface morphology. The element distribution and composition were identified by SEM, energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was applied to identify the kinds of binding media and amino acid composition. Moreover, novel reinforcement materials and technology were proposed with the principle of compatibility and feasibility. The properties of tensile strength, aging resistance and chromatic aberration were tested before and after dry heat aging, wet heat aging and UV light aging. After systematic examination and evaluation of the hemp colored paintings and reinforcement materials, the optimal conservation treatment was finally established, and the Chinese hemp painting as an example has been protected successfully. This paper provides new methods and ideas for the restoration and protection of the linen cultural relics, which would promote the progress of protecting valuable cultural heritages.

An introduction to China's rail transport Part 1: History, present and future of China's railways

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Xue ◽  
F Schmid ◽  
R. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Future Plans

In this paper an introduction is given to the history, current situation and future plans of China's railway industry. The history of China's railway is divided into four development phases: the phase in Imperial China, the phase in the Republic of China and the phases before and after the economic rejuvenation of the People's Republic of China. An introduction to the current situation and future plans includes the major projects under construction and development trends of China's railways. The environment of China's railways is also presented. This is the first of two papers on the railway scene in China.

Sunlight exposure: the effects on the performance of paragliding fabric

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
MENGÜÇ GAMZE SÜPÜREN ◽  
TEMEL EMRAH ◽  
BOZDOĞAN FARUK
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Sunlight Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dark Blue

This study was designed to explore the relationship between sunlight exposure and the mechanical properties of paragliding fabrics which have different colors, densities, yarn counts, and coating materials. This study exposed 5 different colors of paragliding fabrics (red, turquoise, dark blue, orange, and white) to intense sunlight for 150 hours during the summer from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the UV radiation aging process, the air permeability, tensile strength, tear strength, and bursting strength tests were performed. Test results were also evaluated using statistical methods. According to the results, the fading of the turquoise fabric was found to be the highest among the studied fabrics. It was determined that there is a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the fabrics after sunlight exposure. After aging, the fabrics become considerably weaker in the case of mechanical properties due to the degradation in both the dyestuff and macromolecular structure of the fiber

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Neuromuscular Exercise in Physical Education Class on Health-Related Fitness in Female Children

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Marijana Sinđić ◽  
Draženka Mačak ◽  
Nikola Todorović ◽  
Bianka Purda ◽  
Maja Batez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) showed benefits for improving fundamental movement skills (FMS). However, the INT health-related fitness (HRF) effects are lacking. The current study aimed to determine the effects of INT implemented during physical education (PE) in a primary school in the Republic of Serbia on HRF in female children. The sample consisted of 72 healthy girls who were divided into the intervention (EG: n = 37; mean ± SD: age = 8.17 ± 0.31) and control (CG: n = 35; age = 8.11 ± 0.31) groups. The EG and CG performed the INT program and traditional PE activities two times per week within the first ~15 min of PE class, respectively. The Fitnessgram battery tests assessed the HRF (body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, and flexibility) before and after the program. After eight weeks, the EG significantly reduced all fat measures, while the CG decreased only triceps skinfold but to a smaller extent (F = 5.92, p < 0.02, ŋ2 = 0.09). Both groups significantly improved the performance of almost all muscular fitness tests (curl-ups, trunk lift, push-ups); however, the EG increased the push-ups more than the CG (F = 9.01, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.14). The EG additionally improved the modified pull-ups (F = 14.09, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.19) and flexed arm hang (F = 28.82, p < 0.01, ŋ2 = 0.33) tests. The flexibility and cardiorespiratory endurance of both groups did not significantly change after eight weeks. This approach of exercise showed positive acceptance and relatively good results after only eight weeks.

scholarly journals Application of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Pandemic: Bibliometric Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Md. Mohaimenul Islam ◽  
Tahmina Nasrin Poly ◽  
Belal Alsinglawi ◽  
Li-Fong Lin ◽  
Shuo-Chen Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
R Package ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to health has increased, including to COVID-19. This study aimed to provide a clear overview of COVID-19-related AI publication trends using longitudinal bibliometric analysis. A systematic literature search was conducted on the Web of Science for English language peer-reviewed articles related to AI application to COVID-19. A search strategy was developed to collect relevant articles and extracted bibliographic information (e.g., country, research area, sources, and author). VOSviewer (Leiden University) and Bibliometrix (R package) were used to visualize the co-occurrence networks of authors, sources, countries, institutions, global collaborations, citations, co-citations, and keywords. We included 729 research articles on the application of AI to COVID-19 published between 2020 and 2021. PLOS One (33/729, 4.52%), Chaos Solution Fractals (29/729, 3.97%), and Journal of Medical Internet Research (29/729, 3.97%) were the most common journals publishing these articles. The Republic of China (190/729, 26.06%), the USA (173/729, 23.73%), and India (92/729, 12.62%) were the most prolific countries of origin. The Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the most productive institutions. This is the first study to show a comprehensive picture of the global efforts to address COVID-19 using AI. The findings of this study also provide insights and research directions for academic researchers, policymakers, and healthcare practitioners who wish to collaborate in these domains in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of equal channel angular pressing and heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted and cast AlSi10Mg alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Mariusz Król ◽  
Marek Pagáč ◽  
Jana Petrů ◽  
Jiří Hajnyš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) combined with heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and gravity casting. Special attention was directed towards determining the effect of post-fabrication heat treatments on the microstructural evolution of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated using two different routes. Three initial alloy conditions were considered prior to ECAP deformation: (1) as-cast in solution treated (T4) condition, (2) SLM in T4 condition, (3) SLM subjected to low-temperature annealing. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis were used to characterize the microstructures before and after ECAP. The results indicated that SLM followed by low-temperature annealing led to superior mechanical properties, relative to the two other conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the partial-cellular structure contributed to strong work hardening. This behavior enhanced the material’s strength because of the enhanced accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations during ECAP deformation.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

scholarly journals Body Image and Voluntary Gaze Behaviors towards Physique-Salient Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2549
Author(s):  
April Karlinsky ◽  
Holly Howe ◽  
Melissa de Jonge ◽  
Alan Kingstone ◽  
Catherine M. Sabiston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Image Variables

The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men (n = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women (n = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

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