Tensile strength assay comparing the resistance between two different autologous platelet concentrates (leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin versus advanced-platelet rich fibrin): a pilot study

Abstract Background Since the leucocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) was published in 2001, many studies have been developed, analyzing its properties, and also verifying new possibilities to improve it. Thereby, it emerges the advanced-platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) with a protocol that optimizes the properties obtained by the L-PRF. Nonetheless, there is a gap in the literature to landmark the evolutive process concerning the mechanical properties in specific the resistance to tensile strength which consequently may influence the time for membrane degradation. Thus, this study had the goal to compare the resistance to the traction of membranes produced with the original L-PRF and A-PRF protocols, being the first to this direct comparison. Findings The harvest of blood from a healthy single person, with no history of anticoagulant usage. We performed the protocols described in the literature, within a total of 13 membranes produced for each protocol (n = 26). Afterward, the membranes were prepared and submitted to a traction test assessing the maximal and the average traction achieved for each membrane. The data were analyzed statistically using the unpaired t test. Regarding average traction, A-PRF obtained a value of 0.0288 N mm−2 and L-PRF 0.0192 N mm−2 (p < 0.05 using unpaired t test). For maximal traction, A-PRF obtained 0.0752 N mm−2 and L-PRF 0.0425 N mm−2 (p < 0.05 using unpaired t test). Conclusion With this study, it was possible to conclude that indeed A-PRF has a significative higher maximal traction score and higher average traction compared to L-PRF, indicating that it had a higher resistance when two opposing forces are applied.

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Obtention of injectable platelets rich-fibrin (i-PRF) and its polymerization with bone graft: technical note

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões ◽

10.1590/0100-69912015006013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 421-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros Mourão ◽

Helder Valiense ◽

Elias Rodrigues Melo ◽

Natália Belmock Mascarenhas Freitas Mourão ◽

Mônica Diuana-Calasans Maia

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Technical Note ◽

Platelet Concentrates ◽

Soft Tissue Healing ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Tissue Healing ◽

Autologous Platelet ◽

Injectable Form

The use of autologous platelet concentrates, represent a promising and innovator tools in the medicine and dentistry today. The goal is to accelerate hard and soft tissue healing. Among them, the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the main alternative for use in liquid form (injectable). These injectable form ofplatelet concentrates are often used in regenerative procedures and demonstrate good results. The aim of this study is to present an alternative to these platelet concentrates using the platelet-rich fibrin in liquid form (injectable) and its use with particulated bone graft materials in the polymerized form.

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Biological and Mechanical Properties of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes after Thermal Manipulation and Preparation in a Single-Syringe Closed System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113433 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3433 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Dorottya Kardos ◽

István Hornyák ◽

Melinda Simon ◽

Adél Hinsenkamp ◽

Bence Marschall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Closed System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Glass Tube ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Handling Characteristics ◽

Freeze Dried

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane is a three-dimensional biodegradable biopolymer, which consists of platelet derived growth factors enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. It is widely used in soft and hard tissue regeneration, however, there are unresolved problems with its clinical application. Its preparation needs open handling of the membranes, it degrades easily, and it has a low tensile strength which does not hold a suture blocking wider clinical applications of PRF. Our aim was to produce a sterile, suturable, reproducible PRF membrane suitable for surgical intervention. We compared the biological and mechanical properties of PRF membranes created by the classical glass-tube and those that were created in a single-syringe closed system (hypACT Inject), which allowed aseptic preparation. HypACT Inject device produces a PRF membrane with better handling characteristics without compromising biological properties. Freeze-thawing resulted in significantly higher tensile strength and higher cell adhesion at a lower degradation rate of the membranes. Mesenchymal stem cells seeded onto PRF membranes readily proliferated on the surface of fresh, but even better on freeze/thawed or freeze-dried membranes. These data show that PRF membranes can be made sterile, more uniform and significantly stronger which makes it possible to use them as suturable surgical membranes.

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Autologous Platelet Gel (APG): A Preliminary Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties after Activation with Autologous Thrombin and Calcium Chloride

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3941

Author(s):

Antonio Scarano ◽

Calogero Bugea ◽

Lucia Leo ◽

Pablo Santos de Oliveira ◽

Felice Lorusso

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Preliminary Evaluation ◽

Loading Test ◽

Platelet Gel ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Autologous Platelet

The tensional and mechanical behavior of regenerative components, grafts, and blood clots represent an essential condition for the success of bone regeneration protocols. Autologous platelet growth factors represent a useful protocol to enhance the soft and hard tissue healing in several fields of medicine and craniofacial surgery. Different protocols for blood concentrates with and without activation have been proposed in literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro the mechanical properties of autologous platelet gel (APG) with autologous thrombin and calcium chloride. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 APG samples were evaluated; 10 samples were activated by autologous thrombin and calcium chloride (Group I) and 10 samples were non-activated (Group II). The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated through a static loading test (Lloyd 30 K, Lloyd Instruments Ltd., Segensworth, UK). Results: Group I (activated) reported a tensile strength of 373.5 ± 14.3 MPa, while Group II showed a significantly lower value of of 360.5 ± 16.3 MPa (p < 0.05). The Young’s modulus was 145.3 ± 10.4 MPa for Group I and 140.3 ± 15.3 MPa for Group II (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the present in vitro simulation showed that the APG activation protocol is able to increase the mechanical characteristics of the blood derivates and could be clinically useful to enhance regenerative procedures.

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A comparative biomechanical study of repaired tendons wrapped with two biological matrices in Bucks

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v40i1.141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

N. H. AL-Falahi

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Matrix Group ◽

Biological Matrices ◽

Control Groups ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Fibrin Matrix ◽

Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽

And Control ◽

Autologous Platelet

This study is planned to evaluate the efficacy of two biological matrices represented by autologous platelet rich fibrin matrix, as well as a cross linked decellularized caprine pericardial extracellular matrix on enhancing healing of the experimentally severed superficial digital flexor tendon in a goat model. It was carried out on 48 adult apparently healthy bucks, which were divided randomly into three equal groups. Under the effect of sedative and local ring block anesthesia, superficial digital flexor tendon was severed at the mid metacarpal region of the right forelimb. In the first control group, tenorrhaphy was performed and left without additives. While in the second group the tenorrhaphy site was wrapped with a previously prepared autologous platelet rich fibrin strips, as well as in the third group the tenorrhaphy site was wrapped with a cross linked decellularized pericardial extracellular matrix strip which was prepared from the whole fresh caprine pericardium obtained from the slaughter house. Both matrices were fixed in their position at the tenorrhaphy site by few interrupted stitches. The biomechanical evaluation of the operated tendon indicated an increase in tensile strength with time in all groups, but the comparisons among groups showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase at day 15 in both treated as compared to control animals. On day 45 the pericardial extracellular matrix group showed a significant increase in tensile strength as compared to platelet rich fibrin matrix and control groups, but at day 75 there were no differences among groups, at day 180 the pericardial extracellular matrix group showed a significant increase in the tensile strength as compared to platelet rich fibrin matrix and control groups. In conclusion, both biological matrices led to improvement in the biomechanical properties of the operated tendons with time.

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A Comparative Study of the Effects of Platelet-Rich Fibrin, Concentrated Growth Factor and Platelet-Poor Plasma on the Healing of Tooth Extraction Sockets in Rabbits

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1225393/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Siying Li ◽

Hongyi Yang ◽

Qinyu Duan ◽

Hongyu Bao ◽

Aodi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Control Group ◽

Platelet Concentrates ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Bone Absorption ◽

Autologous Platelet ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background：Autologous platelet concentrate has been widely used to encourage the regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Up to now, there are three generations of autologous platelet concentrates. Many studies have shown that different autologous platelet concentrates have different healing effects. However, these differences still need to be further verified and discussed. The purpose of this study was to explore and compare the effects of platelet-rich fibrin, concentrated growth factor and platelet-poor plasma on the healing of tooth extraction sockets in New Zealand rabbits. Methods：A total of 24 healthy male New Zealand white rabbits aged 8-12 weeks were selected. The experimental animals were randomly divided into four groups: three experimental groups were respectively implanted with PPP, CGF and PRF gel after bilateral mandibular anterior teeth were extracted, and the control group did not implant any material. The alveolar bone of the mandibular anterior region was taken at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. The height and width of the extraction wound were detected by CBCT, the growth of the new bone was observed by HE and Masson staining, and the expression of osteogenic genes was detected by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical package 22.0.Results: The radiological results showed that alveolar bone absorption in all groups gradually increased over time. However, the experimental groups showed lower amounts of bone absorption. The histological results showed that new bone formation was observed in all groups. Over time, the new bone trabeculae of the CGF group became closely aligned while those in the PPP and PRF groups remained scattered. PCR results showed that the expression of BMP-2 and ALP was higher in the experimental groups than the control group.Conclusion: In conclusion, the application of PRF, CGF and PPP in tooth extraction sockets effectively promoted bone regeneration. CGF showed more effective bone induction and tissue regeneration ability in the long term.

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Second generation liquid platelet concentrates: A literature review

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201022666210823102618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Rucha Shah ◽

Triveni M. Gowda ◽

Raison Thomas ◽

Tarun Kumar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Second Generation ◽

Research Direction ◽

Future Research ◽

Future Research Direction ◽

Platelet Concentrates ◽

Liquid Form ◽

Bovine Thrombin ◽

Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽

Potential Applications

: Liquid or injectable platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate which is completely autologous and free of external additives like bovine thrombin and calcium chloride. Additionally, it is the only one to be obtained in a liquid form among the second generation platelet concentrates. This allows for wide applications such as to maximize injections or mixing with biomaterials such as bone grafts or antibiotics. Since it was first introduced in 2015, several modifications of the original protocol have been proposed which aim at maximizing its biological and mechanical properties. This includes changes in centrifugation speed, time, and so on. The aim of this review is to summarize the various modifications of the injectable/liquid formation of PRF as well as to discuss the potential applications and future research direction.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PLASTICIER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK HIDROGEL KITOSAN-GLUTARALDEHID UNTUK APLIKASI PENUTUP LUKA

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS ◽

10.35799/jis.14.1.2014.4883 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Djony Izak Rudyardjo

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

A Value ◽

Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽

Hydrogel Surface

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN PLASTICIER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK HIDROGEL KITOSAN-GLUTARALDEHID UNTUK APLIKASI PENUTUP LUKA ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan plasticizer gliserol terhadap karakteristik hidrogel kitosan-glutaraldehid untuk aplikasi penutup luka. Penambahan gliserol bertujuan agar hidrogel kitosan-glutaraldehid lebih fleksibel dan memiliki sifat mekanik yang baik sehingga dapat diaplikasikan sebagai penutup luka sesuai dengan standar yang ada. Pembuatan hidrogel dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan kitosan yang dilarutkan dalam 1% asam asetat dengan 1% larutan glutaraldehid pada perbandingan 50 : 3 (v/v) dan ditambahkan gliserol dengan variasi volume 1 ml – 4 ml. Konsentrasi gliserol yang digunakan tidak lebih dari 2%. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, penambahan gliserol menyebabkan ketebalan, kuat tarik, dan kemampuan mengabsorbsi cairan hidrogel menurun; elongasi dan ketahanan terhadap air hidrogel meningkat; serta struktur hidrogel menjadi lebih halus. Berdasarkan hasil uji sifat mekanik, hasil terbaik ditunjukkan oleh hidrogel kitosan-glutaraldehid-gliserol dengan penambahan gliserol 2% sebanyak 2 ml, yang memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 14,34 ± 1,90 MPa dan elongasi sebesar 2,40 ± 0,91% yang memenuhi standar sifat mekanik kulit manusia. Struktur permukaan hidrogel tersebut halus, homogen, memiliki ketahanan terhadap air sebesar 24,78 ± 6,57% serta mampu mengabsorbsi cairan lebih dari 99,9% yaitu sebesar 149,65 ± 22,46% yang merupakan karakteristik penting hidrogel. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hidrogel kitosan-glutaraldehid-gliserol dengan penambahan gliserol 2% sebanyak 2 ml dapat diaplikasikan sebagai penutup luka. Kata kunci: Glutaraldehid, Gliserol, Hidrogel, Kitosan, Penutup Luka, Plasticizer THE EFFECT OF ADDITION GLYCEROL AS PLASTICIER TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHITOSAN-GLUTARALDEHYDE HIDROGEL FOR WOUND DRESSING APPLICATION ABSTRACT The research had been done to determine the effect of addition glycerol as plasticizer to the characteristics of chitosan-glutaraldehyde hydrogel for wound dressing application. The addition of glycerol was served to increase flexibility and improve the mechanical properties of chitosan-glutaraldehyde hydrogel that can be applied as a wound dressing accordance with existing standards. Preparation of hydrogel was made by mixing chitosan dissolved in 1% acetic acid with 1% glutaraldehyde solution with ratio 50 : 3 (v/v) and added by glycerol with variation of 1 ml - 4 ml. The glycerol concentration used no more than 2%. Based on the research that had been done, the addition of glycerol caused thickness, tensile strength, and the absorption ability of hydrogel was decreased; elongation and water resistance of hydrogel increased; and the surface structure of hydrogel is more smooth. Based on the result of mechanical properties, the best characteristics of chitosan-glutaraldehyde-glycerol hydrogel is shown with the addition of 2 ml glycerol 2% composition which has a value of tensile strength of 14,34 ± 1,90 MPa and elongation at 2,40 ± 0,91 % that meet the standards of the mechanical properties of human skin. The structure of that hydrogel surface is smooth, homogeneous, has a water resistance of 24,78 ± 6,57%, and is able to absorb liquid more than 99,9% in the amount of 149,65 ± 22,46 % which is an important characteristic of the hydrogel. So, the chitosan-glutaraldehyde-glycerol hydrogel with the addition of 2 ml glycerol 2% can be applied as a wound dressing. Keywords : Chitosan, Glutaraldehyde, Glyserol, Hydrogel, Plasticizer, Wound Dressing

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KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT POLIURETAN DENGAN PENGISI (FILLER) MIKRO KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT

Jurnal Agro Fabrica ◽

10.47199/jaf.v2i1.133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Pada Mulia Raja

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Functional Group ◽

Polypropylene Glycol ◽

Oh Groups ◽

Palm Shell ◽

A Value

Polyurethane is a type of polymer made by reacting polyol (OH) groups with isocyanate (NCO) groups. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of a mixture of polyol and toluene sources as well as by adding the composition of activated carbon of palm shell as a filler to determine the best results. The materials used in making composites are PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent DiIsocyanate) and Palm Oil Shell Activated Carbon. Palm shells are carbonated at 600 ◦C, then made into powder using a ball mill and then sieved with 110 mesh particle sieve and activated using 10% H2SO4. Furthermore Polyurethanes are made by mixing, PPG (Polypropylene Glycol), TDI (Toluent in Isocyanate) with a ratio of 60%: 40% and then added the activated carbon of palm oil shell as a filler with polyurethane: 95% active carbon (P1), 90 %: 10% (P2), 80%; 20% (P3), and 75%: 25% (P4), then the functional group (FT-IR) and mechanical properties testing consisted of tensile strength and elasticity values. The results of the characterization of amine (NH), methyl groups (C-H3), Acetyl groups (CN), carbonyl groups (C = O), isocyanate groups (N = C = O), and Aromatic Rings (C = C) . This can be concluded after the addition of activated carbon palm shell does not cause chemical reactions in the functional group. While the results of the characterization of the tensile strength of P0 to P1 with a value of 0.1966 MPa to 0.0317 MPa, then increased in the composition of 90 P2, P3, and P4 with values of 0.0985 MPa, 0.2318 MPa, 0.2981MPa, and finally occurred decrease again in the composition of P5. While the highest elasticity value on composites with a ratio of P4 is 0.05196 MPa, while the lowest elasticity value on the composition of P5 with a value of 0.0475 MPa.

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The Effects of Pressure During the Crystallization on Properties of the AlSi12 Alloy

Archives of Foundry Engineering ◽

10.1515/afe-2017-0099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 103-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Pastirčák ◽

J. Ščury ◽

J. Moravec

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Squeeze Casting ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Mold Temperature ◽

Operating Pressure ◽

Technological Parameters ◽

Casting Method ◽

A Value ◽

The Impact

Abstract The paper deals with the impact of technological parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure in AlSi12 alloy using squeeze casting technology. The casting with crystallization under pressure was used, specifically direct squeeze casting method. The goal was to affect crystallization by pressure with a value 100 and 150 MPa. From the experiments we can conclude that operating pressure of 100 MPa is sufficient to influence the structural characteristics of the alloy AlSi12. The change in cooling rate influences the morphology of the silicon particles and intermetallic phases. A change of excluded needles to a rod-shaped geometries with significantly shorter length occurs when used gravity casting method. At a pressure of 100 MPa was increased of tensile strength on average of 20%. At a pressure of 150 MPa was increased of tensile strength on average of 30%. During the experiment it was also observed, that increasing difference between the casting temperature and the mold temperature leads to increase of mechanical properties.

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