Towards ICD–11 and DSM–V: issues beyond ‘harmonisation’

SummaryIn the revision process leading up to DSM–V and ICD–11, it is important to highlight both similarities and differences between the two classifications. Where irreconcilable conceptual differences are involved, these should be stated in a manner inviting future research to elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of alternative concepts or definitions. Eventually, both DSM–V and ICD–11 will need to be assessed against a set of benchmarks of validity and utility.

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A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200612163819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (26) ◽

pp. 3096-3104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Deng ◽

Yige Sun ◽

Tianyi Zhao ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Tianyi Zang

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Future Research ◽

Drug Side Effects ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Key Points ◽

Network Methods ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The One ◽

Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

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A Review of Dynamic Balancing for Robotic Mechanisms

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574720000168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 55-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bin Wei ◽

Dan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Future Research ◽

Dynamic Balancing ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

SUMMARYThe authors summarize the main dynamic balancing methods of robotic mechanisms in this paper. The majority of dynamic balancing methods have been presented, and there may be other dynamic balancing methods that are not included in this paper. Each of the balancing methods is reviewed and discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are presented and compared. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of recent research in balancing. The authors hope that this study can provide an informative reference for future research in the direction of dynamic balancing of robotic mechanisms.

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Validity of the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis and incidence trends in Sweden: a nationwide register study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95421-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malin Indremo ◽

Richard White ◽

Thomas Frisell ◽

Sven Cnattingius ◽

Alkistis Skalkidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Dysphoria ◽

Age Groups ◽

Medical Intervention ◽

Future Research ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

Nationwide Register Study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR), to discuss different register-based definitions of GD and to investigate incidence trends. We collected data on all individuals with registered GD diagnoses between 2001 and 2016 as well as data on the coverage in the NPR. We regarded gender confirming medical intervention (GCMI) as one proxy for a clinically valid diagnosis and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for receiving GCMI for increasing number of registered GD diagnoses. We assessed crude and coverage-adjusted time trends of GD during 2004–2015 with a Poisson regression, using assigned sex and age as interaction terms. The PPV for receiving GCMI was 68% for ≥ 1 and 79% for ≥ 4 GD-diagnoses. The incidence of GD was on average 35% higher with the definition of ≥ 1 compared to the definition of ≥ 4 diagnoses. The incidence of GD, defined as ≥ 4 diagnoses increased significantly during the study period and mostly in the age categories 10–17 and 18–30 years, even after adjusting for register coverage. We concluded that the validity of a single ICD code denoting clinical GD in the Swedish NPR can be questioned. For future research, we propose to carefully weight the advantages and disadvantages of different register-based definitions according to the individual study’s needs, the time periods involved and the age-groups under study.

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Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽

10.3390/biologics1020006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 89-110

Author(s):

Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽

Birsen Yılmaz ◽

Duygu Ağagündüz ◽

Raffaele Capasso

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Health Benefits ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Immune Systems ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Immune System Modulation ◽

Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

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Deep Learning with Neuroimaging and Genomics in Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22157911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 7911

Author(s):

Eugene Lin ◽

Chieh-Hsin Lin ◽

Hsien-Yuan Lane

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Future Research ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Learning Models ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Neuroimaging Data ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Normal Controls

A growing body of evidence currently proposes that deep learning approaches can serve as an essential cornerstone for the diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In light of the latest advancements in neuroimaging and genomics, numerous deep learning models are being exploited to distinguish AD from normal controls and/or to distinguish AD from mild cognitive impairment in recent research studies. In this review, we focus on the latest developments for AD prediction using deep learning techniques in cooperation with the principles of neuroimaging and genomics. First, we narrate various investigations that make use of deep learning algorithms to establish AD prediction using genomics or neuroimaging data. Particularly, we delineate relevant integrative neuroimaging genomics investigations that leverage deep learning methods to forecast AD on the basis of incorporating both neuroimaging and genomics data. Moreover, we outline the limitations as regards to the recent AD investigations of deep learning with neuroimaging and genomics. Finally, we depict a discussion of challenges and directions for future research. The main novelty of this work is that we summarize the major points of these investigations and scrutinize the similarities and differences among these investigations.

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A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13020737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 737

Author(s):

Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽

Dalia Streimikiene ◽

Tomas Balezentis ◽

Virgilijus Skulskis

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Future Research ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

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Going virtual: youth attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services during the COVID-19 pandemic

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06321-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa D. Hawke ◽

Natasha Y. Sheikhan ◽

Karen MacCon ◽

Joanna Henderson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Youth Mental Health ◽

Research Process ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Future Research ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Substance Use Services ◽

Youth Attitudes ◽

Virtual Services

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth mental health and substance use services rapidly moved to virtual modalities to meet social distancing requirements. It is important to understand youth attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. Objective This study examined the attitudes toward and experiences of virtual mental health and substance use services among youth drawn from clinical and non-clinical samples. Method Four hundred nine youth completed a survey including questions about their attitudes toward and experience of virtual services. The survey included quantitative and open-ended questions on virtual care, as well as a mental health and substance use screener. Results The majority of youth with mental health or substance use challenges would be willing to consider individual virtual services, but fewer would consider group virtual services. However, many have not received virtual services. Youth are interested in accessing a wide variety of virtual services and other supportive wellness services. Advantages and disadvantages of virtual services are discussed, including accessibility benefits and technological barriers. Discussion As youth mental health and substance use services have rapidly gone virtual during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential that we hear the perspectives of youth to promote service utilization among those in need. Diverse, accessible, technologically stable virtual services are required to meet the needs of different youth, possibly with in-person options for some youth. Future research, engaging youth in the research process, is needed to evaluate the efficacy of virtual services to plan for the sustainability of some virtual service gains beyond the pandemic period.

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A Review of Remote Sensing Image Dehazing

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3926

Author(s):

Juping Liu ◽

Shiju Wang ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Mingye Ju ◽

Dengyin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Data Driven ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Focus ◽

Image Dehazing ◽

Surface Information ◽

Haze Removal ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Extra Information ◽

Removal Technique

Remote sensing (RS) is one of the data collection technologies that help explore more earth surface information. However, RS data captured by satellite are susceptible to particles suspended during the imaging process, especially for data with visible light band. To make up for such deficiency, numerous dehazing work and efforts have been made recently, whose strategy is to directly restore single hazy data without the need for using any extra information. In this paper, we first classify the current available algorithm into three categories, i.e., image enhancement, physical dehazing, and data-driven. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of algorithm are then summarized in detail. Finally, the evaluation indicators used to rank the recovery performance and the application scenario of the RS data haze removal technique are discussed, respectively. In addition, some common deficiencies of current available methods and future research focus are elaborated.

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Latest Research and Developing Tendency of Hyperbranched Polymers Fabrication

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.896.45 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 896 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Lian Yi Huo ◽

Xue Tao Shi ◽

Si Ming Chen ◽

Meng Yao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Ring Opening ◽

Hyperbranched Polymers ◽

Ring Opening Polymerization ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Future Research ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

High Efficient ◽

The Future

Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been applied in various fields because of its outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility. At present, there are a variety of methods that are used to fabricate HBPs, such as polycondensation, reactive polymerization and ring-opening polymerization according to reaction mechanism. These methods are all environmental-friendly and high-efficient to generate HBPs, and are valuable for industrialization. In this work, we conclude some common methods of HBPs fabrication and make the comparison between them to analyze their advantages and disadvantages, which contribute in how to improve the synthesis process in the future research.

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Fullerton Virtual Twin Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.9.6.963 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 963-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nancy L. Segal

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Social Relations ◽

California State University ◽

Future Research ◽

State University ◽

Collaborative Project ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Current Sample ◽

The University ◽

Mz Twins

AbstractVirtual twins (VTs; same-age unrelated siblings reared together from early infancy) have been studied at California State University (CSU), Fullerton since 1991. The current sample includes over 130 pairs. Past and current research have research have focused on siblings' similarities and differences in general intelligence and body size. Future research in these areas will continue as new pairs continue to be identified. These studies will be supplemented by analyses of personality, social relations and adjustment using monozygotic (MZ) twins, dizygotic (DZ) twins, full siblings and friends, as well as new VTs, who have participated in Twins, Adoptees, Peers and Siblings (TAPS), a collaborative project conducted between CSU Fullerton and the University of San Francisco, from 2002 to 2006.

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